Climate crisis: paths to face its effects on houses in Curitiba

Tabatcheik, Ariane Stefania

doi:10.1590/2236-9996.2023-5808.e

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Sumário

dossiê: crise climática, cidades e reforma urbana • Cad. Metropole 25 (58) • Sep-Dec 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2236-9996.2023-5808.e copy

Climate crisis: paths to face its effects on houses in Curitiba

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective of this article is to present paths that can contribute to mitigating the effects of climate change on houses built in the metropolis of Curitiba. The analysis of the occurrence of natural disasters in the state of Paraná demonstrates that the most frequent extreme climatic event is the windstorm, and the Curitiba region is the one that most presented occurrences of windstorms in the analyzed period. Federal laws and municipal plans related to the theme are presented, as well as points that can be adopted as tools to mitigate the impacts of the climate crisis on the city. Finally, it is concluded that, through the concept of demand--side innovation policies with the use of software programs, which simulate the future scenario of climate transformations, it is possible to contribute to the development of resilient housing.

urban planning; climate crisis; resilient housing

Beaufort scale
Intensity	Designation	m/s	km/h	Effects at sea	Ground effects
0	Lull	0 to 0,5	0 to 1	Mirror sea	Smoke rises in the vertical direction
1	Puffiness	0,6 to 1,7	2 to 6	Scaled sea	The direction of the puff is indicated by the smoke
2	Breeze	1,8 to 3,3	7 to 12	Small ripples of 30cm without breaking	You can feel the wind on your face; movement of leaves on trees
3	Light	3,4 to 5,2	13 to 18	Large 60 cm undulations starting to break	Shaking tree leaves; flags unfurl
4	Moderate	5,3 to 7,4	19 to 26	Longer spaces, 1.5 m, with “rams”	Dust and small papers rise. Tree branches sway
5	Fresh	7,5 to 9,8	27 to 35	Spaces of 2.4 m with the possibility of spraying	Small trees move
6	Very fresh	9,9 to 12,4	36 to 44	3.6 m spaces with probability of splashes	The biggest branches of the trees move. Umbrella used with difficulty
7	Strong	12,5 to 15,2	45 to 54	Thick sea, with 4.8 m high waves; white surf foam	Large trees move. Difficulty walking against the wind
8	Very strong	15,3 to 18,2	55 to 65	Waves up to 7.5 m high, with white foam stripes	Tree branches break. Difficulty walking against the wind
9	Hard	18,3 to 21,5	66 to 77	7.5 m beams with dense foam bands. Sea spray starts to affect visibility	Damage to the protruding parts of trees. Inability to walk against the wind
10	Very hard	21,6 to 25,1	78 to 90	Big billows from 9 to 12m. The wind leaves the surface of the sea all white. Visibility is affected	Uprooted trees; damage to building structures
11	Stormy	25,2 to 29	91 to 104	Waves of up to 13.5m. Visibility greatly affected. Medium-sized ships disappear in the hollow of the waves	Rarely seen on land
12	Hurricane	30 to ...	105 to ...	Foam and splashes saturate the air. Visibility is seriously affected	Big damage

Lei

Itens relacionados ao planejamento urbano

Federal Law n. 12.187/2009 – National Policy on Climate Change (PMNC)

Regarding the measures to be adopted to mitigate the effects of climate change, art. 3rd, item V:
– “actions at the national level to face climate change, current, present and future, must consider and integrate actions promoted at the state and municipal levels by public and private entities”.
In art. 5°, the guidelines of the PNMC are mentioned; among them, in item V:
– “encouraging and supporting the participation of federal, state, district and municipal governments, as well as the productive sector, from academia and organized civil society, in the development and implementation of policies, plans, programs and actions related to climate change”.
Another important item present in the PNMC:
– “Single paragraph. Decree of the Executive Power will establish, in line with the National Policy about the Climate Change, the sectoral Plans for mitigation and adaptation to climate change aimed at consolidating a low-carbon economy, in the generation and distribution of electricity, in urban public transport and in the modal systems of interstate transport of cargo and passengers, in the transformation industry and in the durable consumer goods industry, in the fine and basic chemical industries, in the pulp and paper industry, in mining, in the civil construction industry, in health services and in farming, with a view to meeting gradual targets for the reduction of quantifiable and verifiable anthropogenic emissions, considering the specificities of each sector, including through the Clean Development Mechanism – CDM and Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions – Namas.”

Federal Law n. 12.608/2012 – National Civil Defense and Protection Policy (PNPDEC)

At the beginning of the chapter that deals with the guidelines and objectives of the PNPDEC, it is mentioned that:
“Single paragraph. The PNPDEC must integrate with the policies of territorial organization, urban development, health, environment, climate change, management of water resources, geology, infrastructure, education, science and technology and other sectoral policies, with a view to promoting development sustainable.”
Article 5° lists the objectives of the PNPDEC; among them are related to the topic the following items:
“IV – encourage the development of resilient cities and sustainable urbanization processes;
XII – encourage initiatives that result in the allocation of housing in a safe place”.
In art. 8, item I mentions that it is the responsibility of the municipalities to implement the PNPDEC. In the chapter dealing with final provisions, art. 14 cites that housing programs should prioritize the relocation of affected communities and residents of risk areas. For this, still in the chapter on final provisions, it is mentioned that the Union is authorized to transfer resources to municipalities that acquire urbanized land to meet these reallocations.

Action	Strategic sectors	Description
Action 5	Environmental and Urban Quality; Energy Efficiency; Solid Waste and Effluents	Establish and regulate requirements for buildings adapted to climate threats
Action7	Energy Efficiency	Encourage energy efficiency and the use of energy from renewable sources
Action 15	Environmental and Urban Quality; Urban Hypervisor and Innovation	Promoting actions to control and monitor land use and occupation aimed at climate change
Action 19	Urban Hypervisor and innovation	Develop and implement an “Urban Hypervisor” system or Data Science core to gather information from databases to monitor, evaluate and update climate information

Software	Institution	Program description
Fluxovento	Computer Graphics Technology Group at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio)	Allows the analysis of ventilation in ambiences and simulates the air flow inside the building.
Analysis Sol-Ar	Laboratory of Energy Efficiency in Buildings (LabEEE) of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC)	Allows obtaining the Solar Chart of the municipality or specified latitude, in addition to obtaining the wind rose, which informs the direction and average speed of the prevailing winds, according to their direction and the season of the year.
Psicrom	Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar); Eng. Mauricio Roriz	Program aimed at studying the properties of humid air, presenting results such as humidity rate, vapor pressure and absolute humidity.
Ciclone 5.0.1	Department of Structural Engineering at the University of São Paulo (USP)	Allows the simulation of the action of winds in the building, considering some cases present in ABNT NBR 6123/1988 – Forces due to winds in buildings (currently under revision).

Law

Items related to the contest modality

Federal Law n. 8.666/1993 – Bidding Law

Chapter I, Section IV, art. 13:
“§ 1o With the exception of cases where bidding is not required, contracts for the provision of specialized professional technical services should, preferably, be concluded through a tender, with a prior stipulation of a prize or remuneration.”
Chapter II, Section IV, art. 51:
“§ 5o In the case of a tender, the judgment will be made by a special commission made up of people of unblemished reputation and recognized knowledge of the subject under examination, public servants or not.”

Federal Law n. 14.133/2021 – new Bidding Law

The citation of the tender modality is restricted to its definitions and classifications;
there is no longer a citation of the article that brought the modality preference for technical services that need specialized professionals;
there is also no longer the article that brought the condition of the trial, which would be carried out by a specialized commission.

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[1] Translation: this article was translated from Portuguese to English by the author herself.