Compostos identificados em extratos vegetais aplicados na agricultura e no tratamento de sementes

Carvalho, Ricardo da Silva; Silva, Mariana Altenhofen da; Borges, Maria Teresa Mendes Ribeiro; Forti, Victor Augusto

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Sumário

Crop production • Cienc. Rural 54 (1) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20220424 copiar

Compostos identificados em extratos vegetais aplicados na agricultura e no tratamento de sementes

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO:

Efeitos de extratos vegetais têm sido apontados e comprovados em pesquisas sob diferentes aplicações na agricultura, incluindo o tratamento de sementes. A eficácia de extratos vegetais é atribuída a presença de certas classes de compostos, logo, sendo importante estudos que visam a identificação e quantificação destes compostos presentes em extratos de plantas usados na agricultura, bem como para o tratamento de sementes. Objetivou-se compreender e descrever, por meio de uma revisão sistematizada, quais as principais abordagens realizadas, classes e compostos identificados em estudos com extratos vegetais para diferentes aplicações na agricultura e no tratamento de sementes. O período 2015 a 2020 foi o que apresentou os maiores índices de publicações de pesquisas que exploram extratos vegetais na agricultura, buscando identificar e, ou quantificar os compostos presentes nos extratos vegetais. Os compostos fenólicos constituem a classe prioritária de metabólitos para diferentes funções, efeitos e aplicações na agricultura, principalmente no tratamento de sementes. Os terpenos apresentam grande potencial como bioinseticidas para a agricultura. Espécies de plantas ricas em compostos fenólicos e terpenos são fontes potenciais para controle alternativo na proteção de sistemas produtivos.

Palavras-chave:
metabólitos secundários; terpenos; tratamento de sementes; controle alternativo

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[1] E-mail: viaugu@ufscar.br. ^*Corresponding author

Main described compounds	Effect in agriculture	Species/Gender of the plant	Reference
p-Cymene, estragole, furfural, α-linolenic acid, 1βH-romneina, eugenol acetate, ethylguaiacol, cyclohexylpentil oxalate, -4,4-dimethyl-2-pentene.	Phytopathogenic organisms	Ocimum basilicum, Eucalyptus gomphocephalawith, Syzygium aromaticum, Euphorbia paralias	HAMAD et al., 2019HAMAD, Y. et al. Activity of plant extracts/essential oils against three plant pathogenic fungi and mosquito larvae: GC/MS analysis of bioactive compounds. Bioresources, v.14, n.2, p.4489-4511, 2019. Available from: <Available from: https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/bIOrES_14_2_4489_Hamad_ASASZ_Activity_Plant-Extracts_Pathogenic_Fungi_Mosquito_Larvae_15512-1.pdf >. Accessed: Oct. 12, 2020. doi: 10.15376/biores.14.2.4489-4511. https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/wp-con... .
Guaiacol, benzene acetic acid, phenol, benzene acetic acid methyl ester, methyl salicylate, ácido vanílico, syringol, vanillic acid methyl ester and benzoic acid.	Herbicide effect	Tridax procumbens L	ANDRIANA et al., 2018ANDRIANA, Y. et al. Allelopathic potential of Tridax procumbens L. on radish and identification of allelochemicals. Allelopathy Journal, v.43. p.223-238, 2018. Available from: <Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/YusufAndriana/publication/323704657_Allelopathic_potential_of_Tridax_procumbens_L_on_radish_and_identification_of_allelochemicals/links/60656257299bf1252e1d0dac/Allelopathic-potential-of-Tridax-procumbens-L-on-radish-and-identification-of-allelochemicals.pdf >. Accessed: Oct. 9, 2020. doi: 10.26651/allelo.j./2018-43-2-1143. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yus... .
Octadecadienoic acid, O-Pentadecylic acid, 1,2,3,4, butaneteterol, octadenoic acid and linoleic acid.	Phytopathogenic organisms	Nigella sativa L.	AFTAB et al., 2019AFTAB, A. et al. Antifungal activity of vegetative methanolic extracts of Nigella sativa against Fusarium oxysporum and Macrophomina phaseolina and its Phytochemical Profiling by GC-MS Analysis. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2019. Available from: <Available from: http://www.fspublishers.org/published_papers/20059_11%20doi%2015.0930%20IJAB-18-1111%20(8)%20569-576.pdf >. Accessed: Oct. 9, 2020. doi: 10.17957/IJAB/15.0930. http://www.fspublishers.org/published_pa... .
Triterpenóides, ß-amyrin, a-amyrin, neophytadiene (4,38%) and palmitic acid.	Phytopathogenic organisms	Curtisia dentata; Markhamia obtusifolia	DIKHOBA et al., 2019DIKHOBA, P. M. et al. Antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic activity of selected South African medicinal plants species. Heliyon, 2019. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02668 >. Accessed: Oct. 9, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e... .
Eugenol, β-caryophillene, acetyl eugenol.	Phytopathogenic organisms	Syzygium aromaticum	LAKSHMEESHA et al., 2019LAKSHMEESHA, T. R. et al. Biofabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles with Syzygium aromaticum flower buds extract and finding its novel application in controlling the growth and mycotoxins of Fusarium graminearum. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2019. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01244 >. Accessed: Jun. 9, 2020. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01244. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01244... .
Lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, ricinoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid ethyl ester, 13-hexyloxacyclotridec-10-en-2-ona.	Other	Cocos nucifera; Carapa guianensis	BATAGLION et al., 2014BATAGLION, G. A. et al. Comprehensive characterization of lipids from Amazonian vegetable oils by mass spectrometry techniques. Food Research International, [s.l.], v.64, p.472-481, 2014. Available from: <Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2014.07.011 >. Accessed: Oct. 12, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.07.011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2014... .
Bio-Aromatic heterocycles, caffeic acid, vanillin, rutin, luteolin, diosmetin, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, apigenin-7-glucoside, diosmetin-7-glucoside, eluteolin-7-glucoside, miconazole, ketoconazole e clotrimazole, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, luteolin-7-glucoside, ferulic acid, neochlorogenic acid, quercetin and dihydroquercetin.	Phytopathogenic organisms	Lepidium sativum; Punica granatum	TAYEL et al., 2016.TAYEL, A. A. et al. Control of citrus molds using bioactive coatings incorporated with fungal chitosan/plant extracts composite. Journal Of The Science Of Food And Agriculture, [s.l.], v.96, n.4, p.1306-1312, 2015. Available from: <Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7223 >. Accessed: Oct. 12, 2020. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.7223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7223...
Phenolic, polyphenol, alkaloids, terpenoids, polypeptide, cardiac glycosides, reductive compounds and anthraquinones	Phytopathogenic organisms	Garcinia kola;Tetrapleura tetraptera	UMANA et al., 2016UMANA, E. J. et al. Control of green rot fungus of Arachis hypogaea L. in orage using plant extracts. International Letters Of Natural Sciences, [s.l.], v.58, p.77-84, 2016. Available from: <Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-y0h74s >. Accessed: Oct. 12, 2020. doi: 10.56431/p-y0h74s. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-y0h74s... .
Magnolo, honokiol.	Phytopathogenic organisms	Magnolia officinalis Rehder e Wilson	THUERIG et al., 2018HU, E. et al. Ethanol extract of Nandina domestica Thunb. leafs: effect on Pomacea canaliculata and growth of Orzya sativa seedlings. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, [s.l.], v.39, n.5, p.1887, 2018. Available from: <Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n5p1887 >. Accessed: Oct. 12, 2020. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n5p1887. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018... .
Furfural; 2-furanmethanol; benzyl alcohol; phenethyl alcohol.	Other	Nandina domestica Thunb.	HU et al., 2018HU, E. et al. Ethanol extract of Nandina domestica Thunb. leafs: effect on Pomacea canaliculata and growth of Orzya sativa seedlings. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, [s.l.], v.39, n.5, p.1887, 2018. Available from: <Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n5p1887 >. Accessed: Oct. 12, 2020. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n5p1887. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018... .
Shikimic acid.	Herbicide effect	Illicium verum Hook. f.	ANIYA et al., 2020ANIYA, N. Y. et al. Evaluation of Allelopathic Activity of Chinese Medicinal Plants and Identification of Shikimic Acid as an Allelochemical from Illicium verum Hook. f.. Plants, v.684, 2020. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9060684 >. Accessed: Oct. 9, 2020. doi: 10.3390/plants9060684. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9060684... .
Sesquiterpene ketolactone, curcumin.	Phytopathogenic organisms	Curcuma zedoaria	HAN et al., 2018HAN, J. W. et al. In vivoassessment of plant extracts for control of plant diseases: a sesquiterpene ketolactone isolated from Curcuma zedoaria suppresses wheat leaf rust. Journal Of Environmental Science And Health, Part B, [s.l.], v.53, n.2, p.135-140, 2017. Available from: <Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2017.1397448 >. Accessed: Oct. 12, 2020. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1397448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2017.... .

Main described compounds	Effect in agriculture	Species/Gender of the plant	Reference
3-O-caffeoyl Acid, 4-O-Feruloylquinic; nicotiflorin (Kaempherol-3-O-Rhamnoglucoside); Q-3-O-glucoside; rutin (Quercetin-3-O-Rhamnoglucoside; 5-O-Feruloylquinic acid; 3-O-Feruloylquinic acid; 5-O-p-Coumaroylquinic acid; 4-O-caffeoyl oil, 5-O- Feruloylquinic; 4-O-caffeoylquinic; 3-O-caffeoylquinic; chlorogenic acid (5-O- caffeoylquinic acid);	Phytopathogenic organisms	Licium europaeum	TEJ et al., 2018TEJ, R. et al. Inhibitory effect of Lycium europaeum extracts on phytopathogenic soil-borne fungi and the reduction of late wilt in maize. European Journal Of Plant Pathology, [s.l.], v.152, n.1, p.249-265, 2018. Available from: <Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-018-1469-9 >. Accessed: Oct. 12, 2020. doi: 10.1007/s10658-018-1469-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-018-146... .
(+) - (S) -ar-turmerone.	Phytopathogenic organisms	Curcuma longa L.	FU et al., 2018FU, W. J. et al. Isolation, purification and identification of the active compound of turmeric and its potential application to control cucumber powdery mildew. The Journal Of Agricultural Science, [s.l.], v.156, n.3, p.358-366, 2018. Available from: <Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859618000345 >. Accessed: Oct. 12, 2020. doi: 10.1017/s0021859618000345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859618000... .
Allyl isothiocyanate.	Phytopathogenic organisms	Crambe abyssinica	COLTRO-RONCATO et al., 2016COLTRO-RONCATO, S. et al. Nematicidal activity of crambe extracts on Meloidogyne spp. Semina: Ciencias Agrarias, [s.l.], v.37, n.4, p.1857-1870, 2016. ISSN: 16790359. Available from: <Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n4p1857 >. Accessed: Oct. 12, 2020. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n4p1857. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016... .
Quinine Acid; chlorogenic acid; Quercetin-glucuronide; Hispidulin; Tagitinin; O-methyl titoni; Tirotundin 3-O	Insects	Tithonia diversifolia	PAVELA et al., 2018PAVELA, R. et al. Oviposition inhibitory activity of the Mexican sunflower Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae) polar extracts against the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Tetranychidae). Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, [s.l.], v.101, p.85-92, 2018. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2016.11.002 >. Accessed: Oct. 12, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.pmpp.2016.11.002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2016.11.0... .
3-hydroxy-12-olean-28-oic acid (oleanolic acid).	Phytopathogenic organisms	Melianthus comosus	ELOFF; ANGEH; MCGAW, 2017ELOFF, J. N; ANGEH, I. E.; MCGAW, L. J. Solvent-solvent fractionation can increase the antifungal activity of a Melianthus comosus (Melianthaceae) acetone leaf extract to yield a potentially useful commercial antifungal product. Industrial Crops And Products, [s.l. ], v.110, p.103-112, 2017. Available from: <Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.11.014 >. Accessed: Oct. 12, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.11.014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017... .
Cinnamic acid and flavone compounds, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid.	Resistance Induction	Solanum tuberosum	MOUSHIB et al., 2013MOUSHIB, L. I. et al. Sugar beet extract induces defence against Phytophthora infestans in potato plants. European Journal Of Plant Pathology, [s.l.], v.136, n.2, p.261-271, 2013. Available from: <Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-012-0160-9 >. Accessed: Oct. 12, 2020. doi: 10.1007/s10658-012-0160-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-012-016... .
Salicylic-Phenylpropanoid Acid.	Resistance Induction	Anacardium occidentale Linn; Zingiber officinale Rosc	ANDAYANIE et al., 2019ANDAYANIE1, W. R. et al. The plant defence inducer activity of Anacardium occidentale Linn., Azadiracta indica A. Juss. and Zingiber officinale Rosc. extracts against Cowpea mild mottle virus infecting soybean. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2019. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5134597 >. Accessed: Oct. 12, 2020. doi: 10.1063/1.5134597. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5134597... .
Nicotina; β- Caryophyllene; lupeol.	Insects	Nicotiana tabacum L.; Anadenanthera colubrina Vell; Agave americana L.	PEREIRA et al., 2020PEREIRA, R. C. et al. Toxicity of botanical extracts and their main constituents on the bees Partamona helleri and Apis melífera. Ecotoxicology, 2020. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02167-7 >. Accessed: Oct. 12, 2020. doi: 10.1007/s10646-020-02167-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02167... .
Luteolin 7-rutinoside, Apigenin-6-C-glucosyl-8-C-arabinoside.	Phytopathogenic organisms	Flourensia cernua	ALVAREZ-PEREZ et al., 2020ALVAREZ-PÉREZ, O. B. et al. Valorization of Flourensia cernua DC as source of antioxidants and antifungal bioactives. Industrial Crops And Products, [s.l.], v.152, p.112422, 2020. Available from: <Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112422 >. Accessed: Oct. 12, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020... .
n-feruloyl putrescine, Tryptophan, chlorogenic acid, Isoquercitrin, α-solanine, α-chaconine,	Phytopathogenic organisms	Solanum tuberosum. L	PANE et al., 2020.PANE, C. et al. managing rhizoctonia damping-off of rocket (Eruca sativa) seedlings by drench application of bioactive potato leaf phytochemical extracts. Biology, [S.L.], v.9, p.270, 4 set. 2020. Available from: <Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9090270 >. Accessed: Oct. 12, 2020. doi: 10.3390/biology9090270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9090270...
20-hydroxyecdysone, makisterone A and ciosterone.	Insects	Ajuga iva	TAHA-SALAIME et al., 2020TAHA-SALAIME, L. et al. Activity of Ajuga iva extracts Against the African Cotton Leafworm Spodoptera littoralis. Insects, 2020. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110726 >. Accessed: Oct. 9, 2020. doi: 10.3390/insects11110726. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11110726... .
Saponins.	Other	Quillaja saponária	ADOMAITI et al., 2020.
Isopropanol: Dichloromethane.	Insects	Lippia graveolens, Ruta graveolens, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Adonidia merrillii, Zingiber officinale	RODRÍGUEZ-MONTERO et al., 2020.

Main described compounds	Effect in agriculture	Species/Gender of the plant	Reference
Tetradecanoic acid, Pentadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, phytol, linalool, 1,8-cineol and 9, 12, 15-octadecanoic acid.	Phytopathogenic organisms	Chrysanthemum frutescens; Thespesia populnea var. Acutiloba	DERBALAH et al., 2012DERBALAH, A. S. et al. Antifungal activity of some plant extracts against sugar beet damping-off caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. Annals Of Microbiology, [s.l.], v.62, n.3, p.1021-1029, 2012. Available from: <Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13213-011-0342-2 >. Accessed: Oct. 12, 2020. doi: 10.1007/s13213-011-0342-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13213-011-034... .
Sulfoxide of (+)-S-allyl-L-cysteine, thiosulfinate, 5,6-dihydro-6-pentyl-2H-pentyl-2-H-pyran-2.	Phytopathogenic organisms	Allium sativum; Zingiber officinale	MANGWENDE; et al., 2019MANGWENDE, E. Control of Alternaria leaf spot of coenter in Organic Agriculture. Eur Journal Plant Pathol., [s.l.], v.154, n.3, p.575-584, 2019. ISSN: 0929-1873. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-019-01682-6 >. Accessed: Oct. 12, 2020. doi: 10.1007/s10658-019-01682-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-019-01682... .
Astilbin.	Insects	Tithonia diversifolia; Psychotria prunifolia	TAVARES et al., 2014TAVARES, W. S. et al. Effects of Astilbin from Dimorphandra mollis (Fabaceae) flowers and brazilian plant extracts on Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: curculionidae). Florida Entomologist, [s.l.], v.97, n.3, p.892-901, set. 2014. Available from: <Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1653/024.097.0347 >. Accessed: Oct. 12, 2020. doi: 10.1653/024.097.0347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1653/024.097.0347... .
Butane, 1,1-diethoxy-2-methyl-; 4-Hydroxy-3-methylacetophenone; 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol; 2-decen-1-ol; 1-tridecene; Tridecanoic acid, Methyl ester; n-Hexadecanoic acid; Hexadecanoic acid, Ethyl ester; Phytol; 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z); 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, Methyl ester (Z, Z, Z); 4-tridecene, (Z); Phthalic acid, 2-methoxyethyl tetradecyl ester; 2-hexanone, 5-methyl, Z-2-dodecenol, Nonanoic acid; Oxalic acid, Dodecyl 2-methylphenyl ester; Methyl methane sulfate; Propane, 1,1-diethoxy-; 1-desoxi-d-altritol; 2-Mercaptothiazole.	Phytopathogenic organisms	Allium sativum L	MUTHUKUMAR et al., 2010MUTHUKUMAR, A. et al. Efficacy of plant extracts and biocontrol agents against pythium aphanidermatum inciting chilli damping-off. Crop Protection, [s.l.], v.29, n.12, p.1483-1488, dez. 2010. Available from: <Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2010.08.009 >. Accessed: Oct. 12, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2010.08.009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2010.... .
ß-Phellandrene; Cycloheptasiloxane tetradecamethyl; Diethylcarbonyl-dicarbonyl-cyclic-diether; 1,4-tetra-cosamethyl-cyclic-dioxide; Tetratetracontane; Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester; Cyclononosiloxane octadecanmethyl; 6-Dodecatrien-3-ol,3,7,11-trimethyl; Caryophyllene; 9-Octadecenoic acid (z); 2,6-Octadien-1-ol; 3,7 dimethyl acetate; Butanoic acid; α-Terpineol acetate; MYO-INOSITOL; 1,8 cineole; lyanol; 3-Cyclohexen-1-ol,4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl); 3-cyclohexene-1-methanol, α-4-trimethyl-p-menth, 1-en-8-ol.	Insects	Cassia senna	DERBALAH, 2012DERBALAH, A. S. Efficacy of some botanical extracts againsttrogoderma granariumin wheat grains with toxicity evaluation. The Scientific World Journal, [s.l.], 2012, p.1-9, 2012. Available from: <Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/639854 >. Accessed: Oct. 9, 2020. doi:10.1100/2012/639854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/639854... .
Curcumin, camphor, turmerone.	Resistance Induction	Curcuma longa L.	ALSAHLI et al., 2018ALSAHLI, A. A. et al. Extract from Curcuma longa L. triggers the sunflower immune system and induces defence-related genes against Fusarium root rot. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, [s.l.], v.57, n.1, p.26-36, 2018. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.14601/Phytopathol_Mediterr-21176 >. Accessed: Oct. 9, 2020. doi: 10.14601/Phytopathol_Mediterr-21176. https://doi.org/10.14601/Phytopathol_Med... .
Orientine, Luteolin, Veratric acid, Chlorogenic acid, Protocatechuic acid, p-Coumaric and Ferulic acid.	Herbicide effect	Miscanthus sacchariflorus	GHIMIRE et al., 2020GHIMIRE, B. K. et al. Screening of Allelochemicals in Miscanthus sacchariflorus Extracts and Assessment of Their Effects on Germination and Seedling Growth of Common Weeds. Plants, v.9, p.1313, 2020. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9101313 >. Accessed: Oct. 12, 2020. doi: 10.3390/plants9101313. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9101313... .
AgNPs	Other/herbicide effect	Ficus racemosa	SNEHA et al., 2020SNEHA, D. K. et al. Green synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by using Stem, Leaves and Fruits Extracts of Umber (Ficus racemosa). International Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, 2020. Available from: <Available from: https://doi.org/10.5530/ijpi.2020.3.56 >. Accessed: Jun. 9, 2020. doi: 10.5530/ijpi.2020.3.56. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijpi.2020.3.56... .
α-Pinene, Humulene epoxide II	Phytopathogenic organisms	Solidago spp.; Fallopia japônica	ANŽLOVAR et al., 2020; JANEŠ; DOLENC, 2020