Factors associated with the Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity of the Brazilian population

Silva, Mariane Alves; Suhett, Lara Gomes; Bezerra, Ilana Nogueira; Machado, Soraia Pinheiro

doi:10.1590/1413-81232025305.10582023

FREE THEME ARTICLE • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 30 (05) • May 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232025305.10582023EN linkcopy

Factors associated with the Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity of the Brazilian population

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

The aim is to assess whether socioeconomic and demographic conditions are associated with the Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity (DTAC) of the Brazilian population. Study conducted with 46,164 Brazilians, aged 10 or over, evaluated by the Household Budget Survey (Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares - POF 2017-2018). Food consumption was assessed through a 24-hour recall, with DTAC determined by calculating the sum of the antioxidant content of the intake of each food, taken from a database containing information on the DTAC value in mmol/100g of 3,100 foods. Multinomial logistic regression models were proposed to test the relationship between socioeconomic factors and DTAC. The median DTAC was 3.48 (0.62-24.55) mmol/1000 Kcal. Women, older individuals (adults and the elderly), and residents of rural areas and the Northeast, South, and Southeast regions of the country showed a higher intake of antioxidants. By contrast, individuals with higher educational and income levels presented lower DTAC values. The socioeconomic and demographic scenario was associated with the consumption of antioxidants, reinforcing the importance of identifying risk groups for inadequate nutrition in order to better guide the implementation of public policies and nutritional interventions.

Key words:
Diet; Food consumption; Antioxidants; Socioeconomic factors

Variable		%	DTAC adjusted by energy (mmol/1.000 Kcal)
Variable		%	Average (95%CI)
Sex
	Male	48.1	4.7 (4.5-4.9)
	Female	51.9	5.7 (5.4-5.9)
Age
	Adolescent	17.7	3.8 (3.6-4.1) ª
	Adult	64.7	5.4 (5.2-5.6) ^b
	Elderly	17.6	5.7 (5.4-6.1) ^b
Race
	White	43.1	5.4 (5.1-5.6)
	Black and brown	55.8	5.1 (4.9-5.2)
	Yellow and indigenous	1.1	6.7 (4.3-9.1)
Education
	Up to four years	12.3	5.4 (5.1-5.8)
	4 to 8 years	29.5	5.0 (4.8-5.3)
	9 to 11 years	16.8	5.3 (4.9-5.7)
	12 years or more	41.4	5.2 (5.0-5.5)
Income
	1st quartile	21.4	5.4 (5.1-5.7)
	2nd quartile	22.8	5.0 (4.7-5.2)
	3rd quartile	25.2	5.1 (4.9-5.4)
	4th quartile	30.6	5.3 (5.0-5.6)
Household location
	Urban	85.6	5.2 (5.0-5.3)
	Rural	14.4	5.3 (5.0-5.6)
Region
	North	8.3	4.6 (4.3-5.0) ª
	Northeast	27.0	4.9 (4.6-5.1) ª
	Southeast	42.6	5.6 (5.3-5.9) ^bc
	South	14.5	6.1 (5.6-6.6) ^c
	Midwest	7.6	5.1 (4.7-5.6) ^abc

Variável		DTAC adjusted by energy (mmol/1.000 Kcal)
		2^nd quartile (2.36-3.48)	3^rd quartile (3.49-5.17)	4^th quartile (>5.17)
		RP (95%CI)	RP (95%CI)	RP (95%CI)
Sex
	Male	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Female	1.2 (1.1-1.2)	1.4 (1.3-1.5)	1.7 (1.5-1.8)
Age
	Adolescent	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Adult	1.7 (1.6-1.9)	2.0 (1.8-2.2)	2.6 (2.4-3.0)
	Elderly	2.0 (1.8-2.4)	2.8 (2.4-3.3)	4.8 (4.1-5.5)
Race
	White	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Black and brown	1.0 (0.9-1.1)	1.0 (0.9-1.1)	1.0 (0.9-1.1)
	Yellow and indigenous	1.4 (0.9-2.3)	1.1 (0.7-1.6)	1.1 (0.7-1.7)
Education
	Up to four years	1.0	1.0	1.0
	4 to 8 years	0.8 (0.7-0.9)	0.7 (0.6-0.8)	0.6 (0.6-0.7)
	9 to 11 years	0.8 (0.7-0.9)	0.7 (0.6-0.8)	0.5 (0.5-0.6)
	12 years or more	0.9 (0.8-1.1)	0.8 (0.7-0.9)	0.6 (0.5-0.7)
Income
	1st quartile	1.0	1.0	1.0
	2nd quartile	1.1 (1.0-1.3)	1.1 (0.9-1.2)	1.0 (0.9-1.2)
	3rd quartile	1.1 (1.0-1.2)	1.0 (0.8-1.1)	0.9 (0.8-1.0)
	4th quartile	1.1 (0.9-1.2)	1.0 (0.9-1.1)	0.8 (0.7-0.9)
Household location
	Urban	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Rural	1.1 (1.0-1.3)	1.2 (1.1-1.4)	1.4 (1.2-1.6)
Region
	North	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Northeast	1.1 (1.0-1.3)	1.2 (1.0-1.4)	1.3 (1.1-1.6)
	Southeast	1.2 (1.0-1.4)	1.6 (1.3-1.9)	2.1 (1.7-2.5)
	South	1.0 (0.9-1.3)	1.3 (1.1-1.5)	1.9 (1.6-2.3)
	Midwest	0.9 (0.8-1.1)	1.1 (0.9-1.3)	1.1 (0.9-1.4)

Variável		DTAC adjusted by energy (mmol/1.000 Kcal)
		2^nd quartile (2.36-3.48)	3^rd quartile (3.49-5.17)	4^th quartile (>5.17)
		RP (95%CI)	RP (95%CI)	RP (95%CI)
Sex
	Male	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Female	1.1 (1.1-1.2)	1.4 (1.3-1.5)	1.7 (1.5-1.8)
Age
	Adolescent	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Adult	1.8 (1.6-2.0)	2.0 (1.8-2.3)	2.9 (2.5-3.2)
	Elderly	2.0 (1.7-2.3)	2.7 (2.3-3.2)	4.5 (3.8-5.2)
Education
	Up to four years	1.0	1.0	1.0
	4 to 8 years	1.0 (0.8-1.1)	0.9 (0.8-1.1)	0.9 (0.8-1.0)
	9 to 11 years	0.9 (0.8-1.1)	0.9 (0.8-1.1)	0.8 (0.7-0.9)
	12 years or more	0.9 (0.8-1.0)	0.8 (0.7-1.0)	0.7 (0.6-0.8)
Income
	1st quartile	1.0	1.0	1.0
	2nd quartile	1.1 (1.0-1.3)	1.0 (0.9-1.1)	0.9 (0.8-1.0)
	3rd quartile	1.1 (1.0-1.3)	0.9 (0.8-1.1)	0.8 (0.7-0.9)
	4th quartile	1.1 (0.9-1.2)	0.9 (0.8-1.1)	0.7 (0.6-0.8)
Household location
	Urban	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Rural	1.2 (1.1-1.3)	1.3 (1.2-1.5)	1.5 (1.3-1.8)
Region
	North	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Northeast	1.1 (0.9-1.3)	1.1 (1.0-1.4)	1.2 (1.0-1.5)
	Southeast	1.1 (1.0-1.4)	1.6 (1.3-1.9)	2.2 (1.9-2.7)
	South	1.0 (0.8-1.2)	1.3 (1.1-1.6)	2.0 (1.6-2.5)
	Midwest	0.9 (0.8-1.1)	1.1 (0.9-1.4)	1.2 (0.9-1.5)

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[TFN7n] Notes: Student’s t test and variance analysis (Anova) with Bonferrone post hoc. a,b,cAverage values on the same line with different overlapping letters are significantly different.

[TFN8n] Source: Authors.