Team sports, running, walking: activity-specific associations with perceived environmental factors in adolescents

Dias, Arieli Fernandes; Fochesatto, Camila Felin; Crochemore-Silva, Inacio; Brand, Caroline; Mota, Jorge; Gaya, Anelise Reis; Gaya, Adroaldo Cezar Araujo

doi:10.1590/1413-81232022275.12812021

person Arieli Fernandes Dias

schoolProjeto Esporte Brasil (PROESP-Br), Faculdade de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. R. Felizardo 750, Jardim Botânico. 90690-200 Porto Alegre Brasil. ariieli_dias@hotmail.com

0000-0001-6648-8799

person Camila Felin Fochesatto

schoolProjeto Esporte Brasil (PROESP-Br), Faculdade de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. R. Felizardo 750, Jardim Botânico. 90690-200 Porto Alegre Brasil. ariieli_dias@hotmail.com

0000-0002-8777-074X

person Inacio Crochemore-Silva

schoolPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Pelotas RS Brasil.

0000-0001-5390-8360

person Caroline Brand

schoolPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Promoção da Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul. Santa Cruz do Sul RS Brasil.

0000-0002-5624-3592

person Jorge Mota

schoolResearch Center on Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto. Porto Portugal.

0000-0001-7571-9181

person Anelise Reis Gaya

schoolProjeto Esporte Brasil (PROESP-Br), Faculdade de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. R. Felizardo 750, Jardim Botânico. 90690-200 Porto Alegre Brasil. ariieli_dias@hotmail.com

0000-0002-8335-6947

person Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya

schoolProjeto Esporte Brasil (PROESP-Br), Faculdade de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. R. Felizardo 750, Jardim Botânico. 90690-200 Porto Alegre Brasil. ariieli_dias@hotmail.com

0000-0002-5941-5089

groupsCollaborations

AF Dias participated in the creation of the project, data collection, data analysis, interpretation of results and writing of the article. CF Fochesatto and C Brand participated in the analysis of the data, interpretation of the results and writing of the article. I Crochemore-Silva, J Mota, AR Gaya participated in the interpretation of the results, writing of the article and revision of the final version. ACA Gaya participated in the creation of the project, interpretation of the results, methodological analysis of the article and revision of the final version.

Chief editors:

Romeu Gomes, Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva

Sociodemographic variables		Total sample n (%)	Girls n (%)	Boys n (%)
Age group (years)
	14-15	208 (18.4)	115 (19.4)	93 (17.5)
	16-17	753 (66.6)	408 (68.4)	354 (64.5)
	18-19-20	169 (14.9)	73 (12.2)	96 (18.0)*
Socioeconomic status (n=1,113)
	High	202 (18.1)	98 (16.7)	104 (19.8)
	Middle	625 (56.2)	317 (54.0)	308 (58.6)
	Low	286 (25.7)	172 (29.3)	114 (21.7)*
Class
	First year	569 (50.4)	287 (48.2)	282 (52.8)
	Second year	213 (18.8)	121 (20.3)	92 (17.2)
	Third year	348 (30.8)	188 (31.5)	160 (30.0)
Region
	Center	518 (45.8)	295 (49.5)	223 (41.8)*
	North	255 (22.6)	133 (22.3)	122 (22.8)
	South	217 (19.2)	101 (16.9)	116 (21.7)*
	East	140 (12.4)	67 (11.2)	73 (13.7)
Types of physical activity (proportion: yes) (n=1,128)
	Walking	552 (48.9)	287 (48.2)	265 (49.7)
	Running	195 (17.3)	63 (10.6)	132 (24.8)**
	Team sports	503 (44.6)	185 (31.1)	318 (59.7)**
	Other general physical activities	561 (49.7)	262 (44.0)	299 (56.1)**
Adolescents’ perception of environmental factors
Distances (proportion: near from home) (n=1,129)
	Indoor recreation or exercise facility (public or private)	512 (45.3)	237 (39.8)	275 (51.5)**
	Bike/hiking/walking trails, paths	336 (29.7)	162 (27.2)	174 (32.6)*
	Other playing fields/courts (like soccer, football, tennis, etc)	499 (44.2)	225 (37.8)	274 (51.3)**
	Walking/running track	367 (32.5)	172 (28.9)	195 (36.5)*
	Small public park (public square)	838 (74.2)	424 (71.1)	414 (77.5)*
	Large public park (park)	407 (36.0)	190 (31.9)	217 (40.6)*
Access (proportion: agree) (n=1,130)
	There are many places to go within easy walking distance of my home	819 (72.5)	418 (70.1)	401 (75.1)
Aesthetics (proportion: agree) (n=1,130)
	There are many interesting things to look at while walking in my neighborhood	415 (36.7)	192 (32.2)	223 (41.8)**
Road safety (proportion: agree) (n=1,129)
	Do you feel safe crossing the streets in your neighborhood?	733 (64.9)	353 (59.2)	380 (71.2)**
Crime safety (proportion: agree) (n=1,129)
	There is a high crime rate in my neighborhood	802 (71.0)	436 (73.2)	366 (68.5)

Adolescents’ perception of environmental factors		Walking
		Crude		Total sample*		Girls*		Boys*
		OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI
Distance
Indoor recreation or exercise facility (public or private)
	Less than 20 min	1.20	0.63-2.30	1.18	0.66-2.12	1.51	0.46-4.92	0.93	0.88-1.02
	More than 20 min	1		1		1		1
Bike/hiking/walking trails, paths
	Less than 20 min	1.69	0.79-3.61	1.71	0.81-3.59	1.81	0.82-3.96	1.60	0.79-3.24
	More than 20 min	1		1		1		1
Other playing fields/courts (like soccer, football, tennis, etc)
	Less than 20 min	1.43	0.92-2.22	1.38	0.76-2.49	1.84	0.90-3.78	1.03	0.47-2.25
	More than 20 min	1		1		1		1
Walking/running track
	Less than 20 min	1.98	1.56-2.50	1,90	1.61-2.26	2.45	1.63-3.69	1.55	1.06-2.25
	More than 20 min	1		1		1		1
Small public park (public square)
	Less than 20 min	1.47	0.51-4.27	1.40	0.50-3.94	2.03	0.73-5.63	0.89	0.29-2.76
	More than 20 min	1		1		1		1
Large public park (park)
	Less than 20 min	1.50	0.59-3.77	1.48	0.60-3.62	1.92	0.69-5.31	1.16	0.60-2.21
	More than 20 min	1		1		1		1
Access
There are many places to go within easy walking distance of my home
	Agree	1.39	1.02-1.89	1.40	1.02-1.92	0.58	0.29-1.15	0.89	0.63-1.25
	Disagree	1		1		1		1
Aesthetics
There are many interesting things to look at while walking in my neighborhood
	Agree	1.18	0.65-2.13	1.18	0.68-2.04	0.64	0.36-1.16	1.06	0.52-2.13
	Disagree	1		1		1		1
Road safety
Do you feel safe crossing the streets in your neighborhood?
	Agree	0.86	0.48-1.53	0.85	0.47-1.55	1.12	0.61-2.03	1.19	0.38-3.70
	Disagree	1		1		1		1
Crime safety
There is a high crime rate in my neighborhood
	Agree	1		1		1		1
	Disagree	1.02	0.65-1.60	1.01	0.66-1.55	1.05	0.49-2.23	0.97	0.38-2.47

Adolescents’ perception of environmental factors		Walking		Running		Team sports		General PA
Adolescents’ perception of environmental factors		OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI
Distances
Indoor recreation or exercise facility (public or private)
	1-5 min	1.44	1.03-2.00	1.81	1.17-2.79	1.51	1.08-2.10	1.92	1.37-2.68
	6-10 min	1.17	0.82-1.67	2.27	1.46-3.53	1.39	0.97-1.98	1.62	1.14-2.32
	11-20 min	1.25	0.87-1.79	1.70	1.06-2.72	1.37	0.95-1.95	1.28	0.90-1.83
	21-30 min	1.46	0.92-2.32	1.76	0.97-3.17	1.36	0.85-2.16	1.65	1.04-2.63
	More than 31 min	1		1		1		1
Bike/hiking/walking trails, paths
	1-5 min	1.58	1.06-2.36	1.41	0.83-2.37	1.39	0.93-2.07	1.77	1.18-2.64
	6-10 min	1.86	1.24-2.78	2.51	1.59-3.97	1.47	0.98-2.18	2.24	1.48-3.39
	11-20 min	1.43	0.95-2.14	1.93	1.18-3.15	1.03	0.69-1.56	1.38	0.92-2.07
	21-30 min	1.12	0.71-1.78	1.52	0.84-2.73	1.33	0.84-2.11	1.24	0.78-1.97
	More than 31 min	1		1		1		1
Other playing fields/courts (like soccer, football, tennis, etc)
	1-5 min	1.79	1.26-2.54	1.92	1.24-2.97	2.07	1.46-2.94	2.55	1.78-3.64
	6-10 min	1.18	0.82-1.68	1.76	1.11-2.77	1.82	1.28-2.61	1.40	1.01-2.09
	11-20 min	1.71	1.20-2.42	1.73	1.11-2.71	1.80	1.27-2.54	1.60	1.13-2.26
	21-30 min	1.28	0.82-2.01	1.19	0.64-2.22	1.57	1.03-2.46	2.18	1.48-3.45
	More than 31 min	1		1		1		1
Walking/running track
	1-5 min	1.88	1.24-2.84	1.99	1.20-3.30	1.65	1.10-2.49	1.88	1.24-2.85
	6-10 min	2.16	1.44-3.25	2.68	1.68-4.28	1.50	1.01-2.23	1.51	1.01-2.25
	11-20 min	1.59	1.11-2.27	2.09	1.34-3.25	1.45	1.01-2.07	2.03	1.41-2.93
	21-30 min	1.72	1.03-2.85	2.34	1.29-4.24	1.32	0.80-2.19	1.76	1.06-2.93
	More than 31 min	1		1		1		1
Small public park (public square)
	1-5 min	1.45	1.03-2.04	1.83	1.13-2.96	1.28	0.91-1.80	1.81	1.29-2.55
	6-10 min	1.76	1.21-2.56	1.48	0.87-2.53	1.43	0.98-2.08	1.52	1.04-2.21
	11-20 min	1.88	1.25-2.84	1.39	0.78-2.50	1.18	0.78-1.78	1.60	1.06-2.41
	21-30 min	1.14	0.68-1.90	1.65	0.83-3.28	1.28	0.77-2.12	1.25	0.75-2.08
	More than 31 min	1		1		1		1
Large public park (park)
	1-5 min	1.33	0.90-1.96	1.29	0.77-2.15	1.21	0.82-2.01	1.71	1.15-2.54
	6-10 min	1.72	1.15-2.57	2.02	1.26-3.24	1.40	0.94-2.09	1.54	1.03-2.29
	11-20 min	1.97	1.39-2.79	1.61	1.04-2.48	1.52	1.07-2.14	1.79	1.26-2.53
	21-30 min	1.31	0.85-2.02	1.15	0.64-2.07	1.29	0.84-1.98	1.11	0.72-1.70
	More than 31 min	1		1		1		1

Adolescents’ perception of environmental factors		Running
		Crude		Total sample*		Girls*		Boys*
		OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI
Distance
Indoor recreation or exercise facility (public or private)
	Less than 20 min	1.54	0.76-3.13	1.42	0.74-2.74	2.68	1.40-5.14	0.88	0.32-2.43
	More than 20 min	1		1		1		1
Bike/hiking/walking trails, paths
	Less than 20 min	1.76	0.55-5.65	1.68	0.47-5.97	3.03	0.80-11.40	1.13	0.37-3.45
	More than 20 min	1		1		1		1
Other playing fields/courts (like soccer, football, tennis, etc)
	Less than 20 min	1.67	0.82-3.39	1.56	0.65-3.70	1.98	1.15-3.40	1.11	0.27-4.48
	More than 20 min	1		1		1		1
Walking/running track
	Less than 20 min	1.98	1.29-3.04	1.81	1.16-2.82	2.08	1.14-3.78	1.68	0.79-3.58
	More than 20 min	1		1		1		1
Small public park (public square)
	Less than 20 min	1.29	0.53-3.12	1.16	0.45-3.00	1.38	0.41-4.60	0.87	0.32-2.41
	More than 20 min	1		1		1		1
Large public park (park)
	Less than 20 min	1.47	0.98-2.22	1.37	0.92-2.05	2.14	0.87-5.25	0.95	0.82-1.10
	More than 20 min	1		1		1		1
Access
There are many places to go within easy walking distance of my home
	Agree	1.33	0.89-2.01	1.28	0.74-2.21	0.87	0.30-2.49	0.76	0.24-2.43
	Disagree	1		1		1		1
Aesthetics
There are many interesting things to look at while walking in my neighborhood
	Agree	1.22	0.96-1.55	1.13	0.73-1.75	1.07	0.20-5.57	0.92	0.26-3.28
	Disagree	1		1		1		1
Road safety
Do you feel safe crossing the streets in your neighborhood?
	Agree	1.10	0.91-1.34	1.07	0.91-1.25	0.69	0.41-1.16	1.28	0.97-1.63
	Disagree	1		1		1		1
Crime safety
There is a high crime rate in my neighborhood
	Agree	1		1		1		1
	Disagree	1.68	0.69-4.09	1.66	0.66-4.14	1.93	0.23-15.76	1.45	0.87-2.40

Adolescents’ perception of environmental factors		Team sports
		Crude		Total sample*		Girls*		Boys*
		OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI
Distance
Indoor recreation or exercise facility (public or private)
	Less than 20 min	1.21	0.91-1.59	1.18	1.01-1.38	1.72	1.54-1.92	0.94	0.65-1.38
	More than 20 min	1		1		1		1
Bike/hiking/walking trails, paths
	Less than 20 min	1.33	0.60-2.94	1.29	0.61-2.74	1.68	0.95-2.96	0.92	0.43-1.96
	More than 20 min	1		1		1		1
Other playing fields/courts (like soccer, football, tennis, etc)
	Less than 20 min	1.84	1.24-2.73	1.84	1.44-2.36	2.03	1.56-2.65	1.32	0.59-2.95
	More than 20 min	1		1		1		1
Walking/running track
	Less than 20 min	1.74	1.48-2.05	1,72	1.56-1.89	2.48	1.31-4.66	1.29	0.84-1.98
	More than 20 min	1		1		1		1
Small public park (public square)
	Less than 20 min	1.37	0.69-2.72	1.35	0.83-2.21	1.17	0.64-2.12	1.22	0.58-2.57
	More than 20 min	1		1		1		1
Large public park (park)
	Less than 20 min	1.32	0.95-1.82	1.28	0.83-1.98	1.82	1.33-2.47	0.80	0.28-2.25
	More than 20 min	1		1		1		1
Access
There are many places to go within easy walking distance of my home
	Agree	1.48	0.64-3.40	1.45	0.65-3.23	0.61	0.19-1.96	0.79	0.34-1.85
	Disagree	1		1		1		1
Aesthetics
There are many interesting things to look at while walking in my neighborhood
	Agree	1.43	1.16-1.77	1.45	1.04-2.05	0.79	0.58-1.08	0.90	0.46-1.78
	Disagree	1		1		1		1
Road safety
Do you feel safe crossing the streets in your neighborhood?
	Agree	1.19	1.09-1.29	1.19	1.08-1.32	0.93	0.79-1.10	0.91	0.65-1.28
	Disagree	1		1		1		1
Crime safety
There is a high crime rate in my neighborhood
	Agree	1		1		1		1
	Disagree	1.27	0.91-1.77	1.24	0.88-1.75	1.04	0.65-1.67	1.32	0.89-1.96

Adolescents’ perception of environmental factors		Other general physical activities
		Crude		Total sample*		Girls*		Boys*
		OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI
Distance
Indoor recreation or exercise facility (public or private)
	Less than 20 min	1.58	0.81-3.06	1.57	0.99-2.50	1.58	0.78-3.17	1.45	0.63-3.35
	More than 20 min	1		1		1		1
Bike/hiking/walking trails, paths
	Less than 20 min	1.92	1.16-3.17	1.87	1.36-2.58	2.14	1.21-3.78	1.61	0.56-4.59
	More than 20 min	1		1		1		1
Other playing fields/courts (like soccer, football, tennis, etc)
	Less than 20 min	1.65	1.01-2.72	1.54	0.92-2.59	1.48	0.96-2.29	1.48	0.53-4.14
	More than 20 min	1		1		1		1
Walking/running track
	Less than 20 min	1.81	1.23-2.67	1.74	1.18-2.57	1.86	1.18-2.91	1.62	0.57-4.60
	More than 20 min	1		1		1		1
Small public park (public square)
	Less than 20 min	1.73	0.61-4.84	1.58	0.67-3.73	1.50	0.50-4.48	1.61	0.85-3.03
	More than 20 min	1		1		1		1
Large public park (park)
	Less than 20 min	1.66	0.84-3.28	1.63	1.01-2.62	1.76	1.07-2.91	1.41	0.59-3.37
	More than 20 min	1		1		1		1
Access
There are many places to go within easy walking distance of my home
	Agree	1.39	0.75-2.56	0.74	0.40-1.37	0.94	0.53-1.65	0.56	0.12-2.62
	Disagree	1		1		1		1
Aesthetics
There are many interesting things to look at while walking in my neighborhood
	Agree	1.21	0.74-1.98	0.82	0.54-1.25	0.86	0.57-1.30	0.84	0.39-1.83
	Disagree	1		1		1		1
Road safety
Do you feel safe crossing the streets in your neighborhood?
	Agree	1.01	0.76-1.35	0.97	0.69-1.38	1.08	0.65-1.79	0.98	0.59-1.60
	Disagree	1		1		1		1
Crime safety
There is a high crime rate in my neighborhood
	Agree	1		1		1		1
	Disagree	1.14	0.62-2.10	1.14	0.60-2.14	1.00	0.41-2.40	1.24	0.50-3.06

[TFN1] Note: *≤0.05; **≤0.001.

[TFN2] Source: Authors.

Team sports, running, walking: activity-specific associations with perceived environmental factors in adolescents

Esportes coletivos, corrida, caminhada: associações específicas de atividades com fatores ambientais percebidos em adolescentes