Oral health-related quality of life and associated factors in the elderly: a population-based cross-sectional study

Colaço, Jaqueline; Muniz, Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes; Peron, Damieli; Marostega, Milena Giotti; Dias, Jéssica Jardim; Rösing, Cassiano Kuchenbecker; Colussi, Paulo Roberto Grafitti

doi:10.1590/1413-812320202510.02202019

person Jaqueline Colaço

schoolFaculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF). R. Gonçalves Chaves, 457. 96015-560 Pelotas RS Brazil. muniz.fwmg@ufpel.edu.br

0000-0003-3504-8402

person Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes Muniz

schoolDepartamento de Periodontologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Pelotas RS Brazil.

0000-0002-3945-1752

person Damieli Peron

schoolFaculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF). R. Gonçalves Chaves, 457. 96015-560 Pelotas RS Brazil. muniz.fwmg@ufpel.edu.br

0000-0002-7808-238X

person Milena Giotti Marostega

schoolFaculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF). R. Gonçalves Chaves, 457. 96015-560 Pelotas RS Brazil. muniz.fwmg@ufpel.edu.br

0000-0001-6483-3309

person Jéssica Jardim Dias

schoolFaculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF). R. Gonçalves Chaves, 457. 96015-560 Pelotas RS Brazil. muniz.fwmg@ufpel.edu.br

0000-0002-3589-6738

person Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing

schoolDepartamento de Periodontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre RS Brazil.

0000-0002-8499-5759

person Paulo Roberto Grafitti Colussi

schoolDepartamento de Periodontologia, UPF. Passo Fundo RS Brazil.

0000-0002-9351-6959

Collaborations

J Colaço helped in data collection, interpreted the data, wrote the manuscript, revised the literature, and approved the final version of the manuscript. FWMG Muniz helped in the study design, performed the data analysis, wrote the manuscript, and approved the final version of the manuscript. D Peron helped in data collection, literature review and writing the manuscript, and approved the final version of the manuscript. MG Marostega helped in data collection, literature review and writing the manuscript, and approved the final version of the manuscript. JJ Dias helped in data collection, literature review and writing the manuscript, and approved the final version of the manuscript. CK Rösing helped in the study designed, writing the manuscript and approved the final version of the manuscript. PRG Colussi designed the study, helped in data collection, revised the literature, wrote the manuscript, and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Variable	Answer
Sociodemographic characteristics
Age (in years)
Sex	Male ( )	Female ( )
Ethnicity/skin color	White ( )	Black ( )	Yellow ( )	Brown ( )	Indigenous ( )
Level of education	Illiterate ( )			Only literate ( )
	Incomplete elementary school ( )			Complete elementary school ( )
	Incomplete high school ( )			Complete high school ( )
	Incomplete tertiary education ( )			Complete tertiary education ( )
Marital status	Married ( )	Single ( )		Widow ( )	Divorced ( )
Are you retired?	Yes ( )			No ( )
Behavioral variables
Do you smoke?	Yes ( )	No ( )		I quitted ( )
Do you drink or consume alcohol?	Yes, regularly ( )		Yes, just sporadically ( )
Do you drink or consume alcohol?	No, I stopped drinking ( )		No, I never drink ( )
Medical history
Do you have any health problem?	Yes ( )			No ( )
Do you use any everyday medication?	Yes ( )			No ( )
Dental history
Did you visited a dentist in the last year?	Yes ( )			No ( )
Do you brush your teeth? How many times per day?
Do you use dental floss?	Yes ( )		No ( )

OHIP-14 questionnaire
Variables		Low impact	High impact	Whole-sample	P-value
Total score		1.72±1.94 (1.0)	15.25±10.04 (12.0)	5.91±8.54 (3.0)	<0.001*
Functional limitation		0.22±0.69 (0.0)	1.89±2.37 (1.0)	0.74±1.63 (0.0)	<0.001*
Physical pain		0.63±1.02 (0.0)	2.84±2.22 (3.0)	1.32±1.81 (0.0)	<0.001*
Psychological discomfort		0.38±0.93 (0.0)	3.36±2.33 (4.0)	1.30±2.04 (0.0)	<0.001*
Physical disability		0.27±0.73 (0.0)	1.98±2.30 (2.0)	0.80±1.62 (0.0)	<0.001*
Psychological disability		0.11±0.44 (0.0)	2.40±2.15 (2.0)	0.82±1.64 (0.0)	<0.001*
Social disability		0.04±0.25 (0.0)	1.09±1.89 (0.0)	0.36±1.17 (0.0)	<0.001*
Handicap		0.08±0.39 (0.0)	1.69±2.06 (1.0)	0.57±1.40 (0.0)	<0.001*
Sample characteristics and association with OHRQoL
Variables		Low impact	High impact	Prevalence ratio (95%CI)	P-value
Age (years)	≤69 - n (%) ≥ 70 - n (%)	99 (50.0) 99 (50.0)	54 (60.7) 35 (39.3)	Ref. 0.74 (0.52 - 1.06)	0.098
Sex	Male - n (%) Female - n (%)	68 (34.3) 130 (65.7)	34 (38.2) 55 (61.8)	Ref. 0.89 (0.63 - 1.27)	0.525
Ethnicity/skin color	White - n (%) Non-white - n (%)	133 (67.2) 65 (32.8)	63 (70.8) 26 (29.2)	Ref. 0.89 (0.61 - 1.30)	0.547
Level of education	Low - n (%) Medium - n (%) High - n (%)	125 (63.1) 36 (18.2) 37 (18.7)	65 (73.0) 16 (18.0) 8 (9.0)	Ref. 0.90 (0.57 - 1.42) 0.52 (0.27 - 1.00)	0.646 0.051
Marital status	Married - n (%) Single - n (%) Divorced - n (%) Widow - n (%)	116 (58.6) 22 (11.1) 18 (9.1) 42 (21.2)	49 (55.1) 9 (10.1) 14 (15.7) 17 (19.1)	Ref. 0.98 (0.54 - 1.78) 1.47 (0.93 - 2.33) 0.97 (0.61 - 1.54)	0.941 0.097 0.899
Retired	Yes - n (%) No - n (%)	46 (23.2) 152 (76.8)	22 (24.7) 67 (75.3)	Ref. 1.06 (0.71 - 1.57)	0.783
Health problem	Yes - n (%) No - n (%)	172 (86.9) 26 (13.1)	76 (85.4) 13 (14.6)	Ref. 1.08 (0.67 - 1.76)	0.732
Use of medication	Yes - n (%) No - n (%)	168 (84.8) 30 (15.2)	69 (77.5) 20 (22.5)	Ref. 1.37 (0.93 - 2.04)	0.113
Smoking exposure	Smoker - n (%) Former smoker - n (%) Never smoker - n (%)	21 (10.6) 52 (26.3) 125 (63.1)	14 (15.7) 34 (38.2) 41 (46.1)	Ref. 0.99 (0.61 - 1.60) 0.62 (0.38 - 1.00)	0.962 0.051
Alcohol exposure	Yes - n (%) No - n (%)	77 (38.9) 121 (61.1)	33 (37.1) 56 (62.9)	Ref. 1.06 (0.74 - 1.51)	0.771
Access to the dentist in the last 12 months	Yes - n (%) No - n (%)	99 (50.0) 99 (50.0)	36 (40.40) 53 (59.6)	Ref. 1.31 (0.92 - 1.86)	0.138
Toothbrushing frequency	<2 times/day - n (%) ≥2 times/day - n (%)	38 (19.2) 160 (80.8)	23 (25.8) 66 (74.2)	Ref. 0.78 (0.53 - 1.13)	0.189
Use of dental floss	Yes - n (%) No - n (%)	67 (33.8) 131 (66.2)	20 (22.5) 69 (77.5)	Ref. 1.50 (0.98 - 2.31)	0.064
Edentulism	Yes - n (%) No - n (%)	60 (30.3) 138 (69.7)	26 (29.2) 63 (70.8)	Ref. 1.04 (0.71 - 1.52)	0.853
Tooth loss	Mean±SD	19.31±8.69	20.54±7.00	1.01 (0.99 - 1.04)	0.211
Wear dental prosthesis	Yes - n (%) No - n (%)	171 (86.4) 27 (13.6)	69 (77.5) 20 (22.5)	Ref. 1.48 (1.01 - 2.18)	0.047
Need of dental prosthesis	Yes - n (%) No - n (%)	74 (37.4) 124 (62.6)	48 (53.9) 41 (46.1)	Ref. 0.63 (0.45 - 0.89)	0.009
Self-reported halitosis	Yes - n (%) No - n (%)	68 (34.3) 130 (65.7)	41 (46.1) 48 (53.9)	Ref. 0.72 (0.51 - 1.01)	0.056
TMD symptom	No TMD - n (%) Mild TMD - n (%) Moderate/severe TMD - n (%)	108 (54.5) 71 (35.9) 19 (9.6)	21 (23.6) 49 (55.1) 19 (21.3)	Ref. 2.51 (1.61 - 3.92) 3.07 (1.86 - 5.09)	<0.001 <0.001
Nutritional status	Eutrophic - n (%) At nutritional risk/malnourished - n (%)	113 (57.1) 85 (42.9)	35 (39.3) 54 (60.7)	Ref. 1.64 (1.15 - 2.35)	0.006

Variables		Prevalence ratio (95%CI)	P-value
Marital status	Married Single Divorced Widow	Ref. 0.965 (0.574 - 1.621) 1.770 (1.179 - 2.659) 0.972 (0.613 - 1.539)	0.892 0.006 0.902
Use of dental floss	Yes No	Ref. 1.538 (1.017 - 2.327)	0.041
Need of dental prosthesis	Yes No	Ref. 0.613 (0.441 - 0.852)	0.004
TMD symptom	No TMD Mild TMD Moderate/severe TMD	Ref. 2.532 (1.632 - 3.927) 2.847 (1.757 - 4.614)	<0.001 <0.001

[TFN1] ^*
Mann-Whitney test for the comparison between low and high impact groups; SD: standard deviation; TMD: temporomandibular joint dysfunction.

Oral health-related quality of life and associated factors in the elderly: a population-based cross-sectional study

Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal e fatores associados em idosos: um estudo transversal com amostra representativa