Ciência & Saúde Coletiva

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FREE THEME ARTICLE • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 30 (02) • Feb 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232025302.00572024EN linkcopy

Factors associated with notification of childhood violence in Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

The aim is to describe the characteristics of violence committed against children and analyze the associated factors. Cross-sectional study, with data from SINAN from 2022. Correspondence analysis was carried out to identify variables associated with violence against children aged 0 and 9. 38,899 cases of violence were reported, the most frequent being against girls aged 0 to 1 year (30.1%), 2 to 5 years (39.4%) and 6 to 9 years (30.5%). Violence occurred mainly in homes (88.3%), the aggressors were: mother (51.7%), father (40%), stepfather (6.2%). Among victims aged 0-1 year, the most frequent occurrence was at home, committed by mother or father, type of violence was negligence. Children aged 2-5 experienced sexual violence, committed by acquaintances, in the residence. Children aged 6-9 years were subjected to physical and psychological violence, committed by their stepfather or acquaintances, with threats and bodily force, use of sharp/blunt objects, the place of occurrence: school and public road. The main victims of violence were female children aged 2-5 years old, the main aggressor was the mother and there were variations in the types of violence according to age groups, including neglect, sexual, physical and psychological violence.

Key words:
Violence; Children; Child abuse; Surveillance; Health information systems

Variables	Female		Male		Total
Variables	n	%	n	%	n	%
Total	21462	100.0	17437	100.0	38899	100.0
Age
0-1	6006	28.0	5722	32.8	11728	30.1
2-5	8682	40.5	6631	38.0	15313	39.4
6-9	6774	31.6	5084	29.2	11858	30.5
Place of occurrence
Home	19191	89.4	15171	87.0	34362	88.3
School	1009	4.7	835	4.8	1844	4.7
Public road	1262	5.9	1431	8.2	2693	6.9
Shops	478	2.2	642	3.6	1120	2.8
Violence type
Physical	4572	21.3	4361	25.0	8933	23.0
Psychological	3419	15.9	2234	12.8	5653	14.5
Neglect	9114	42.5	10591	60.7	19705	50.7
Sexual (harassment and rape)	8058	36.7	2299	12.7	10357	25.9
Means of abuse:
Physical force/beating	4686	21.8	3519	20.2	8205	21.1
Blunt object	473	2.2	485	2.8	958	2.5
Sharp object	265	1.2	351	2.0	616	1.6
Hot object	558	2.6	774	4.4	1332	3.4
Threat	1.999	9,3	999	5,7	2.998	7,7
Kinship bond
Father	7812	36.4	7750	44.4	15562	40.0
Mother	9388	43.7	10728	61.5	20116	51.7
Stepfather	1594	7.4	808	4.6	2402	6.2
Acquaintance	2142	10.0	1183	6.8	3325	37,4
Sex of the likely perpetrator
Male	9387	43.7	5147	29.5	14534	37.4
Female	5571	26.0	5519	31.7	11090	28.5
Both	5130	23.9	5949	34.1	11079	28.5
Likely perpetrator was suspected of using alcohol
Yes	2406	11.2	1700	9.7	4106	10.6
No	11.474	53.5	10.245	58.8	21.719	55.8

Dimension	Singular value	Inertia	Chi-square	Sig.	Variance explained
Dimension	Singular value	Inertia	Chi-square	Sig.	%	% accumulated
1	0.254	0.065			90.5	90.5
2	0.077	0.006			8.4	98.9
3	0.028	0.001			1.1	100.0
Total		0.071	30531.058	.000^a	100.0	100.0

Overview column points ^a
Variables	Description	Mass	Biplot graph coordinates		Inertia	Contribution
			1^a	2^b		Absolute		Relative
			1^a	2^b			2^b	1^a	2^b	Total
Row: violence
1Com	Shops	0.005	-0.804	-0.017	0.001	0.013	0.000	0.977	0.000	0.977
1Esc	School	0.009	0.519	-0.291	0.001	0.009	0.009	0.627	0.060	0.686
1Res	Home	0.161	-0.058	0.065	0.000	0.002	0.009	0.657	0.251	0.908
1Viap	Public road	0.013	0.031	-0.525	0.000	0.000	0.045	0.009	0.779	0.788
2Fis	Physical	0.049	0.085	-0.490	0.001	0.001	0.153	0.090	0.907	0.997
2Neg	Neglect	0.129	-0.566	0.086	0.011	0.163	0.012	0.993	0.007	1.000
2Psi	Psychological	0.030	0.574	-0.551	0.003	0.039	0.118	0.776	0.216	0.992
2Sex	Sexual	0.061	0.818	0.549	0.012	0.161	0.239	0.880	0.120	1.000
3Ame	Threat	0.016	0.744	-0.612	0.003	0.034	0.077	0.785	0.162	0.947
3Cor	Sharp object	0.003	-0.323	-0.626	0.000	0.001	0.017	0.466	0.531	0.997
3For	Physical force/beating	0.045	0.307	-0.324	0.001	0.017	0.061	0.748	0.252	1.000
3Obj	Blunt object	0.005	0.061	-0.561	0.000	0.000	0.021	0.033	0.869	0.902
3Que	Hot object	0,007	-0,725	-0,054	0,001	0,014	0,000	0,996	0,002	0,998
4Assed	Harassment	0,019	0,964	0,328	0,005	0,070	0,027	0,965	0,034	0,999
4Estup	Rape	0,037	0,803	0,499	0,007	0,095	0,121	0,895	0,105	1,000
6Conh	Stranger	0,019	0,713	-0,445	0,003	0,038	0,049	0,893	0,106	0,999
6Desc	Acquaintance	0,008	0,325	0,269	0,000	0,003	0,007	0,824	0,171	0,995
6Mae	Mother	0,127	-0,527	0,037	0,009	0,139	0,002	0,998	0,001	1,000
6Pad	Stepfather	0,012	0,777	-0,347	0,002	0,029	0,019	0,943	0,057	1,000
6Father	Father	0,089	-0,299	0,065	0,002	0,031	0,005	0,935	0,013	0,949
7Fem	Female	0,075	-0,422	0,067	0,003	0,053	0,004	0,977	0,007	0,985
7Masc	Male	0,081	0,520	-0,069	0,006	0,086	0,005	0,992	0,005	0,997
Total active	1.000			0,071	1,000	1,000
Column: demographic
0a1	0-1	0,148	-0,865	0,083	0,028	0,437	0,013	0,990	0,003	0,993
2a5	2-5	0,196	0,137	0,285	0,002	0,014	0,206	0,377	0,498	0,875
6a9	6-9	0,156	0,651	-0,437	0,019	0,260	0,385	0,878	0,120	0,998
Fem	Female	0,279	0,342	0,220	0,009	0,128	0,175	0,877	0,111	0,988
Masc	Male	0,221	-0,429	-0,277	0,012	0,161	0,221	0,877	0,111	0,988
Total active	1.000			0,071	1,000	1,000

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E-mail: cienciasaudecoletiva@fiocruz.br

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