Associated factors with early introduction of ultra-processed foods in feeding of children under two years old

Giesta, Juliana Mariante; Zoche, Ester; Corrêa, Rafaela da Silveira; Bosa, Vera Lucia

doi:10.1590/1413-81232018247.24162017

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ARTICLE • Ciênc. saúde colet. 24 (7) • July 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018247.24162017 copy

Associated factors with early introduction of ultra-processed foods in feeding of children under two years old

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

To verify the association of maternal and anthropometric factors with consumption of ultra-processed foods in children between 4 to 24 months.

Methods

cross-sectional study with 300 children hospitalized in a tertiary hospital and their mothers. The interview took place during the first 72 hours of hospitalization to avoid interference in the responses about the child’s diet. Maternal factors investigated: age, schooling, income, parity, BMI and guidance on complementary feeding. Variables related to the child investigated: age, breastfeeding, infant school, BMI/age, height/age, weight/age and introduction of ultra-processed food. The association between the factors studied and introduction of ultra-processed food was tested by linear regression. The significance level considered was 0.05.

Results

. It was verified that only 21% of the children had not yet received any type of ultra-processed food, and 56.5% received any of these foods before 6 months. In the multivariate analysis, maternal schooling, family income, maternal age and parity were associated with ultra-processed food supply.

Conclusions

The feeding practices of children between 4 and 24 months are inadequate when compared to the recommendations for the age group.

Food consumption; Fast foods; Snacks; Infant nutrition

Variables	n	%
Maternal age
≤ 19 years old	48	16,0
20 – 34 years old	221	73,7
≥ 35 years old	31	10,3
Total	300	100
Maternal schooling
≤ 8 years	118	39,3
9 – 11 years	155	51,7
≥ 12 years	27	9,0
Total	300	100
Marital status
No partner	131	43,8
With partner	168	56,1
Total	299	100
Parity
Primiparous	112	37,3
Multiparous	188	62,7
Total	300	100
Maternal BMI
Underweight	5	2,3
Eutrophy	101	45,9
Excess of weight	114	51,8
Total	220	100
Family income
High income	60	21,1
Average income	186	65,5
Low income	38	13,4
Total	284	100
Complementary feeding orientation
No	112	37,4
Yes	188	62,6
Total	300	100
Sex
Male	178	59,3
Total	300	100
Age
< 6 months	77	25,7
≥ 6 months	223	74,3
Total	300	100
Breastfeeding
Still breastfeeds	154	51,3
Stopped before 6 months	118	39,3
Stopped after 6 months	28	9,3
Total	300	100
Attends nursery school
No	233	77,7
Yes	67	22,3
Total	300	100
Weight for age
Low weight	23	7,7
Adequate weight	255	85,0
High weight	22	3,3
Total	300	100
Height for age
Low height	58	19,3
Adequate height	242	80,7
Total	300	100
BMI for age
Thinness/Underweight	13	4,3
Eutrophy	237	79,0
Excess of weight	50	16,7
Total	300	100

Independent Variable	Univariate Analysis		Multivariate Analysis

	Alimentos Ultraprocessados		Alimentos Ultraprocessados

	β (CI 95%)	P	β (CI 95%)	P
Maternal schooling
≥ 12 years	1		1
9-11 years	1,93 (0,57 a 3,30)	0,006	1,58 (0,23 a 2,954)	0,022
≤ 8 years	2,59 (1,2 a 3,99)	<0,001	1,82 (0,38 a 3,25)	0,013
Maternal age
≥ 35 years old	1		1
20 – 34 years old	-1,5 (-2,77 a -0,24)	0,020	-1,47 (-2,74 a -0,19)	0,025
≤ 19 years old	-0,56 (-2,08 a 0,96)	0,469	-,019 (-1,64 a 1,61)	0,982
Attends nursery school
Yes	1
No	-0,25 (-1,17 a 0,68)	0,603	-	-
Maternal BMI
Eutrophy	1		-	-
Underweight	-1,32 (-4,48 a 1,84)	0,411	-	-
Excess of weight	-0,88 (-1,82 a 0,06)	0,067	-	-
Family income
Low	1		1
Average	-1,98 (-3,14 a -0,82)	0,001	-1,85 (-3,00 a -0,71)	0,002
High	-2,66 (-4,01 a -1,31)	<0,001	-2,30 (-3,66 a -0,93)	0,001
Parity
Primiparous	1
Multiparous	1,05 (0,26 a 1,83)	0,009	1,11 (0,26 a 1,97)	0,010
Marital status
With partner	1
No partner	0,41 (-0,36 a 1,18)	0,300	-	-
Height for age
Adequate	1
Low height	-0,33 (-1,30 a 0,65)	0,507	-	-
Weight for age
Adequate	1		1
Low weight	-0,99 (-2,42 a 0,45)	0,176	1,50 (-0,81 a 3,09)	0,063
High weight	1,88 (0,41 a 3,34)	0,012	-0,52 (-2,16 a 1,12)	0,532
BMI for age
Eutrophy	1		1
Thinness/Underweight	-0,32 (-2,21 a 1,57)	0,742	0,12 (-1,02 a 1,26)	0,833
Excess of weight	1,05 (0,01 a 2,08)	0,047	-0,64 (-2,71 a 1,42)	0,540

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[1] Collaborations

JM Giesta, E Zoche, RS Corrêa and VL Bosa participated in the work of conception, elaboration, data extraction, interpretation and analysis and in the writing and revision of the article, the current version being read and approved by all.