Abstract:
This article aims to present general methodological aspects of the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019), from the conception of the study design to details of the data collection. This is a household-based population survey with a sample calculated at 15,000 households to identify children under five years of age, conducted in 123 municipalities in Brazil’s 26 states and the Federal District. ENANI-2019 includes data on breastfeeding and dietary intake; anthropometric nutritional status of all children and their biological mothers; and nutritional status concerning the following micronutrients: iron (hemoglobin and ferritin), zinc, selenium, and vitamins A, B1, B6, B12, D, E, and folic acid of children from 6 to 59 months of age. A total of 193,212 households were visited, of which 19,951 were eligible, and 12,524 were included in the study. A total of 14,558 children were studied, of whom 13,990 (96.1%) and 13,921 (95.6%) had their body mass and length/stature measured, respectively, and 14,541 (99.9%) underwent 24-hour dietary recalls (24HR). Of the 12,598 children eligible for blood sample collection, 8,739 (69.3%) had at least one laboratory parameter measured. Data were collected from February 2019 to March 2020, when the survey was interrupted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The evidence produced by the ENANI-2019 survey can back the formulation, follow-up, and/or reorientation of food and nutrition policies such as the promotion of breastfeeding and healthy eating and the prevention and control of different forms of malnutrition.
Keywords:
Infant; Preschool Child; Methods; Nutrition Assessment
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* Source: Moreira et al. 
CNPq: Brazilian National Research Council; Science: Society for the Development of Scientific Research.
* In some cases the interviewer had to return to the household to finalize the data collection after the first visit.
24HR: 24-hour dietary recall.* 10 households were selected in each census tract;** 873 biological mothers without body mass measured: away from home or illness (n = 351, 40%), refusal (n = 305, 35%), other reasons (n = 217, 25%);*** 871 biological mothers without stature measured: away from home or illness (n = 355, 41%), refusal (n = 303, 35%), other reasons (n = 213, 24%);# 17 children without 24HR completed;## 568 children without body mass measured: away from home or illness (n = 251, 44%), refusal by the child or parent/guardian (n = 163, 29%), other reasons (n = 154, 27%);### 637 children without length/stature measured: away from home or illness (n = 253, 40%), refusal by the child or parent/guardian (n = 225, 35%), other reasons (n = 159, 25%);§ Priority parameters for the Brazilian Ministry of Health: complete blood count, ferritin, vitamin A, and C-reactive protein.
