Bioactivity evaluation and phytochemical screening of <i>Euphorbia helioscopia</i> and <i>Rumex dentatus</i>

MEHMOOD, Shomaila; SYED, Fatima; KHAN, Muhammad Issa; AADIL, Rana Muhammad

doi:10.1590/fst.66721

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Food Sci. Technol 42 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.66721 copy

Bioactivity evaluation and phytochemical screening of Euphorbia helioscopia and Rumex dentatus

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Euphorbia helioscopia and Rumex dentatus are two essential medicinal plants that are widely used in traditional medicines against various illnesses. The present research was focused to confirm and validate the antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor activities of both plants. The antimicrobial activities were investigated against different bacterial and fungal strains. The in vitro antioxidant activities were confirmed against DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide free radicals using ascorbic acid (Vc) as a standard. The results indicated that the increase in percentage scavenging activity is due to the increase in concentration of both plant extracts from 50-500 µg/mL. Moreover, the percentage tumor inhibition of both plant extracts was confirmed by potato disc method using dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as a negative control. The higher percentage of tumor inhibition was observed for water and ethanolic extract in case of E. helioscopia and R. dentatus, respectively.

Keywords:
Euphorbia helioscopia; Rumex dentatus; antimicrobial; antitumor; phytochemical screening

Bacterial Strain	ZOI (mm) Streptomycin (Positive control)	ZOI (mm) DMSO (Negative control)	n-hexane		DCM		Ethanol		Water
Bacterial Strain	ZOI (mm) Streptomycin (Positive control)	ZOI (mm) DMSO (Negative control)	ZOI	% Inhibition	ZOI	% Inhibition	ZOI	% Inhibition	ZOI	% Inhibition
Staph. aureus	34	--	7	20.58	12	35.29	18	52.94	21	61.76
*Bacillus subtilis*	26	--	5.2	20	13	50	15	57.69	13	50
*Pseudomonas picketii*	24	--	3	12.5	15	62.5	21	87.7	22	91.66
*E.coli*	20	--	0	0	12	60	17	85	18	90
*M. luteus*	33	--	9	27.27	14	42.42	22	66.66	20	60.60

Bacterial Strain	ZOI (mm) Streptomycin (Positive control)	ZOI (mm) DMSO (Negative control)	n-hexane		DCM		Ethanol		Water
Bacterial Strain	ZOI (mm) Streptomycin (Positive control)	ZOI (mm) DMSO (Negative control)	ZOI	% Inhibition	ZOI	% Inhibition	ZOI	% Inhibition	ZOI	% Inhibition
Staph. aureus	34	--	18	52.94	26	76.47	30	88.23	32	94.11
*Bacillus subtilis*	26	--	9.5	36.53	11	42.30	17	65.38	15	57.69
*Pseudomonas picketii*	24	--	15	62.5	17	70.8	19	79.16	20	83.33
*E.coli*	20	--	8	40	11	55	16	80	19	95
*M. luteus*	33	--	5	15.15	15	45.45	12	36.36	11	33.33

Fungal Strain	ZOI (mm) Streptomycin (Positive control)	ZOI (mm) DMSO (Negative control)	n-hexane		DCM		Ethanol		Water
Fungal Strain	ZOI (mm) Streptomycin (Positive control)	ZOI (mm) DMSO (Negative control)	ZOI	% Inhibition	ZOI	% Inhibition	ZOI	% Inhibition	ZOI	% Inhibition
*Fusarium solani*	30	--	16	53.33	18	60	22	73.33	26	86.66
*Trichoderma harzianum*	20	--	14	70	16	80	19	95	17	85
*Alternaria alternata*	21	--	13	61.90	17	80.95	18	85.71	19	90.47
*Rhizopus nigricans*	19	--	12	63.15	15	78.94	16	84.21	17	89.47
*Aspergillus fumigatus*	22	--	14	63.63	16.7	75.90	17	77.27	19	86.36

Fungal Strain	ZOI (mm) Streptomycin (Positive control)	ZOI (mm) DMSO (Negative control)	n-hexane		DCM		Ethanol		Water
Fungal Strain	ZOI (mm) Streptomycin (Positive control)	ZOI (mm) DMSO (Negative control)	ZOI	% Inhibition	ZOI	% Inhibition	ZOI	% Inhibition	ZOI	% Inhibition
*Fusarium solani*	30	--	14	33.3	11.6	38.66	22	73.33	24	80
*Trichoderma harzianum*	20	--	13	65	14	70	18	90	17	85
*Alternaria alternata*	21	--	14	66.66	16	76.10	17	80.95	18.5	88.09
*Rhizopus nigricans*	19	--	11.5	60.52	12	63.15	16	84.21	18	89.47
*Aspergillus fumigatus*	22	--	11	50	10.5	47.72	16	72.72	17	77.27

Antioxidant assay	Solvent Extracts	Concentrations µg/mL
Antioxidant assay	Solvent Extracts	50	100	200	400	500
DPPH assay	n-hexane	_	_	36.86 ± 2.48	44.63 ± 0.80	48.8 ± 1.24
	DCM	39.49 ± 1.67	44.71 ± 0.81	49.66 ± 0.71	55.79 ± 1.28	57.44 ± 0.10
	Ethanol	59.13 ± 0.45	62.58 ± 0.88	67.00 ± 1.10	71.36 ± 0.53	74.53 ± 1.01
	Water	64.91 ± 0.61	67.75 ± 0.44	70.86 ± 0.49	77.01 ± 0.65	79.14 ± 0.73
	Vc	68.99 ± 0.69	75.8 ± 0.48	79.99 ± 1.19	86.55 ± 1.05	86.74 ± 0.69
Hydroxyl radical scavenging	n-hexane	_	_	_	28.06 ± 0.60	33.51 ± 0.49
	DCM	_	_	36.78 ± 1.87	43.74 ± 0.87	49.62 ± 1.28
	Ethanol	45.39 ± 0.47	49.80 ± 0.33	54.06 ± 0.74	57.96 ± 0.69	63.33 ± 0.44
	Water	51.31 ± 0.37	56.69 ± 1.15	61.44 ± 0.66	64.87 ± 0.67	66.69 ± 0.88
	Vc	69.28 ± 0.54	74.75 ± 0.83	77.58 ± 1.06	85.94 ± 0.72	86.14 ± 0.63
Superoxide radical scavenging	n-hexane	_	_	36.95 ± 1.14	41.66 ± 0.51	43.28 ± 1.17
	DCM	_	_	37.35 ± 0.46	46.33 ± 1.15	51.40 ± 0.71
	Ethanol	51.45 ± 1.42	55.02 ± 0.55	57.58 ± 0.22	59.16 ± 0.61	61.42 ± 0.99
	Water	50.50 ± 0.89	52.3 ± 0.39	58.57 ± 0.36	62.45 ± 1.20	64.72 ± 1.80
	Vc	70.98 ± 0.07	73.76 ± 0.59	76.87 ± 0.67	78.95 ± 0.90	85.1 ± 0.94

Antioxidant assay	Solvent extracts	Concentrations µg/mL
Antioxidant assay	Solvent extracts	50	100	200	400	500
DPPH assay	n-hexane	_	_	_	36.36 ± 1.11	49.77 ± 1.34
	DCM	_	_	37.75 ± 0.08	46.74 ± 0.68	55.44 ± 1.11
	Ethanol	46.83 ± 0.88	55.32 ± 1.30	60.84 ± 0.69	67.73 ± 0.64	74.80 ± 1.83
	Water	45.66 ± 1.15	53.95 ± 1.27	60.00 ± 0.57	65.36 ± 0.94	72.76 ± 0.39
	Vc	97.08 ± 0.22	97.20 ± 0.23	97.42 ± 0.53	97.69 ± 0.43	98.60 ± 0.50
Hydroxyl radical scavenging	n-hexane	_	_	_	_	32.25 ± 1.48
	DCM	_	37.40 ± 0.95	43.07 ± 2.07	48.85 ± 1.88	51.91 ± 0.46
	Ethanol	52.74 ± 0.71	57.71 ± 1.54	61.42 ± 1.01	64.42 ± 0.94	66.57 ± 2.64
	Water	46.83 ± 0.88	55.32 ± 1.30	60.84 ± 0.69	67.73 ± 0.64	74.80 ± 1.83
	Vc	76.94 ± 1.58	79.44 ± 0.47	81.22 ± 1.03	87.37 ± 1.03	87.96 ± 0.81
Superoxide radical scavenging	n-hexane	_	_	_	_	31.55 ± 0.49
	DCM	_	_	37.49 ± 0.57	47.87 ± 0.48	52.67 ± 0.51
	Ethanol	56.29 ± 0.58	58.03 ± 0.53	62.95 ± 1.32	65.72 ± 1.32	71.34 ± 0.60
	Water	59.20 ± 0.58	63.51 ± 0.64	64.35 ± 0.61	66.90 ± 0.81	72.32 ± 1.50
	Vc	68.99 ± 0.69	75.8 ± 0.48	79.99 ± 1.19	86.55 ± 1.05	86.74 ± 0.69

	Phytochemicals	n-hexane	DCM	Ethanol	Water
*Euphorbia helioscopia*	Alkaloids	+	-	+	+
	Tannins	+	+	+	+
	Flavonoids	-	+	+	+
	Steroids	-	+	-	+
	Reducing Sugars	+	-	-	+
	Saponins	+	+	+	+
	Anthraquinones	+	+	-	-
*Rumex dentatus*	Alkaloids	-	+	+	+
	Tannins	-	+	+	+
	Flavonoids	+	-	+	-
	Steroids	+	+	+	-
	Reducing sugars	-	-	-	+
	Saponins	-	-	+	-
	Anthraquinones	-	+	-	-

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[1] *Corresponding author: drkhan@uaf.edu.pk