Effects of some postharvest essential oil applications on the fruit quality of tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) during cold storage

CEYLAN, Ahu; ÜNLÜ, Halime ÖZDAMAR

doi:10.1590/fst.110522

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Food Science and Technology

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Original Article • Food Sci. Technol 43 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.110522 copy

Effects of some postharvest essential oil applications on the fruit quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) during cold storage

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The effects of post-harvest rosemary and sage essential oils (EO) (0, 300, 600, 900 ppm) on the storage period and fruit quality of ‘Sentino F₁’ tomatoes were investigated. Tomato fruits were stored at 5 °C and 90-95% relative humidity (RH)) and at +20 °C and 60-65% RH for 30 days. Physical and biochemical analyzes were performed every 5 days during cold storage and at the end of the 2-day shelf life of the samples removed from the cold storage. In conclusion, it was determined that all application groups of sage and rosemary EOs were more effective in maintaining the quality of tomato fruits compared to the control application. The most effective application of sage EO was determined as 600 ppm and 900 ppm doses.

Keywords:
tomato; storage; shelf-life; essential oil; quality

Storage Period (Days)
	Weight Loss (%)
	0	0 + 2	5	5 + 2	10	10 + 2	15	15 + 2	20	20 + 2	25	25 + 2	30	30 + 2	CSM	SLM Mean
Control	0^w	1.01^{st st}	1.18^r	1.78^no	1.75^o	1.93ⁿ	3.06^j	3.70^gh	3.98^h	4.84^e	5.07^e	5.65^d	6.41^a	7.38^a	3.06 A	3.75 A
Sage 300 ppm	0^w	0.68^tuv	0.83^t	1.74^no	1.09^rs	1.87ⁿ	1.44^p	3.21^ıj	2.86^k	3.37^hı	4.38^g	4.66^ef	5.54^bc	6.37^bc	2.31 B	3.13 B
Sage 600 ppm	0^w	0.40^v	0.57^uv	1.11^s	0.96^st	1.24^pq	1.37^pq	2.79^kl	2.67^lm	3.41^hı	4.33^g	4.45^f	5.02^e	6.34^bc	2.13 D	2.82 C
Sage 900 ppm	0^w	0.39^v	0.43^v	0.77^stu	0.87^t	1.06^s	1.52^p	2.44^lm	2.60^m	3.01^jk	4.34^g	4.65^ef	5.30^d	6.09^c	2.15 D	2.63 E
Rosemary 300 ppm ppmppmppm	0^w	0.56^uv	0.63^u	0.64^uv	0.82^t	1.02^st	1.13^r	2.66^klm	2.80^kl	3.18^ıj	3.66^ı	3.99^g	5.41^cd	6.58^b	2.06 E	2.66 DE
Rosemary 600 ppm	0^w	0.49^uv	0.59^u	0.76^stu	0.85^t	1.13^pqr	1.24^r	2.13^m	2.63^m	3.26^ıj	4.24^g	4.69^ef	5.59^b	6.59^b	2.16 D	2.75 CD
Rosemary 900 ppm	0^w	0.60^uv	0.67^u	1.48^op	1.20^r	1.78^no	1.41^p	2.45^lm	2.43ⁿ	3.99^g	4.56^f	4.64^ef	5.49^bc	6.64^b	2.25 C	3.75 A
Mean	0 G	0.59 G	0.70 F	1.18 F	1.08 E	1.43 E	1.60 D	2.80 D	2.85 C	3.58 C	4.37 B	4.68 B	5.54 A	6.57 A
*Peel Color L (Lightness)**
Control	39.12^a-ı ^a-ı	38.72^a-f	39.06^b-m	38.02^a-ı	38.38^a-m	37.98^a-ı	38.12^b-m	37.25^c-l	37.19^h-m	37.00^f-l	37.30^f-m	36.78^g-l	36.09^m	35.89^l	37.75 B	37.38 B
Sage 300 ppm	39.42^a-h	38.95^a-d	38.72^a-k	38.39^a-h	39.52^a-l	38.31^a-h	37.93^b-m	37.80^a-k	38.49^a-l	37.50^b-l	38.19^a-m	37.07^a-l	37.22^g-m	37.04^e-l	38.36 AB	37.80 AB
Sage 600 ppm	40.01^abc	39.03^abc	38.75^a-k	38.42^a-h	39.08^a-j	38.50^a-h	39.71^a-e	38.76^a-f	38.23^a-m	38.05^b-ı	38.93^a-k	37.73^d-l	36.27^l-m	36.19^ı-l	38.71 A	38.10 A
Sage 900 ppm	39.98^a-d	38.98^abc	39.59^a-f	38.60^a-g	39.12^a-ı	38.49^a-h	39.18^a-h	38.35^a-h	37.98^b-m	37.50^b-l	38.32^a-m	37.40^b-l	36.81^ı-m	36.06^j-l	38.71 A	37.91 A
Rosemary 300 ppm	39.78^a-e	38.92^a-e	39.06^a-j	38.41^a-h	39.51^a-g	38.27^a-h	38.21^a-m	37.94^a-j	37.59^e-m	37.51^b-l	38.03^b-m	37.53^b-l	36.68^k-m	36.21^ı-l	38.41 A	37.83 AB
Rosemary 600 ppm	40.23^ab	39.59^a	40.22^ab	39.23^ab	39.69^a-e	38.74^a-f	37.64^e-m	37.51^b-l	37.66^d-m	37.35^a-l	37.97^b-m	37.75^b-l	36.80^j-m	36.61^h-l	38.60 A	38.11 A
Rosemary 900 ppm	39.66^a-e	38.99^abc	40.45^a	38.95^a-d	39.75^a-e	38.92^a-e	39.35^a-h	38.41^a-h	37.54^e-m	37.04^e-l	37.74^c-m	37.41^b-l	36.13^m	35.98^k-l	38.66 A	37.96 A
Mean	39.74 A	39.03 A	39.27 A	38.57 AB	39.15 AB AB	38.46 BC	38.59 BC	38.00 C	38.07 CD	37.42 D	37.81 D	37.38 D	36.57 E	36.28 E
*Peel Color C (Chroma)**
Control	34.56^a	28.22^a-e	33.03^a-e	27.55^a-ı	33.40^a-d	27.59^a-h	33.36^a-d	25.91^c-m	33.22^a-d	24.86^h-m	30.05^g-m	25.00^g-m	30.88^d-m	24.78^l-m	32.64 A	26.27
Sage 300 ppm	33.95^abc	29.18^a	34.16^ab	27.72^a-g	32.33^a-g	27.80^a-f	31.95^a-h	27.36^a-j	30.24^e-m	25.64^d-m	29.70^g-m	25.93^c-m	30.36^e-m	25.24^f-m	31.81 BC	26.76
Sage 600 ppm	33.50^a-d	28.50^abc	33.93^abc	26.82^a-l	33.78^abc	27.36^a-j	32.32^a-g	26.72^a-m	29.79^g-m	25.84^c-m	29.89^g-m	24.45^klm	29.89^g-m	24.36^lm	31.87 AB	26.29
Sage 900 ppm	32.41^a-g	27.80^a-f	31.79^a-ı	26.85^a-l	31.67^b-k	27.74^a-g	30.88^d-m	25.48^e-m	29.80^g-m	26.27^b-m	28.87^klm	25.59^e-m	29.30^h-m	23.95^m	30.68 D	26.24
Rosemary 300 ppm	33.81^abc	28.59^abc	32.47^a-g	27.40^a-j	30.05^g-m	27.70^a-g	31.76^a-j	26.44^a-m	31.44^b-l	25.88^c-m	28.29^m	25.26^f-m	30.17^f-m	24.72^j-m	31.14 BC	26.57
Rosemary 600 ppm	33.55^a-g	28.72^ab	32.39^a-g	27.71^a-g	32.12^a-h	29.13^a	31.22^c-l	27.01^a-l	29.44^h-m	24.98^g-m	28.76^lm	25.32^f-m	29.78^g-m	24.46^klm	31.04 CD	26.76
Rosemary 900 ppm	32.38^a-g	28.39^a-d	31.34^b-l	27.88^a-f	32.99^a-f	28.97^ab	30.91^d-m	27.17^a-k	28.37^m	24.76^j-m	29.05^lm	25.63^d-m	28.94^j-m	24.53^klm	30.57 D	26.76
Mean	33.45 AB	28.49 A	32.73 AB	27.42B	32.34 BC	28.04 AB	31.77 C	26.58 C	30.33 D	25.46 D	29.90 DE	25.31 DE	29.23 E	24.58 E
Peel Color h° (hue angle)
Control	48.27^c-j	44.77^bcd	48.16^c-j	46.08^a-d	50.06^b-h	48.43^abc	52.37^a-d	48.01^abc	54.19^ab	49.55^abc	51.98^a-e	49.79^b	55.87^a	51.48^a	51.56 A	48.30 A
Sage 300 ppm	46.91^d-j	43.40^cd	48.01^c-j	45.92^a-d	46.38^e-j	45.99^a-d	47.42^c-j	45.40^a-d	49.71^b-h	47.30^a-d	50.83^a-g	49.40^abc	52.74^abc	48.17^abc	48.86 B	46.51 BC
Sage 600 ppm	45.09^hıj	43.42^cd	46.51^e-j	44.57^bcd	47.40^c-j	41.28^d	48.47^c-j	45.36^a-d	47.12^c-j	47.45^a-d	48.49^c-j	47.88^abc	50.84^a-g	46.99^a-d	48.22 BC	45.28 C
Sage 900 ppm	44.65^hıj	43.23^cd	45.30^g-j	43.86^bcd	46.19^f-j	47.82^abc	48.15^c-j	45.10^bcd	49.15^b-j	48.56^abc	47.82^c-j	40.06^abc	48.91^b-j	45.80^a-d	47.73 BC	46.20 BC
Rosemary 300 ppm	46.60^e-j	44.52^bcd	46.10^f-j	44.11^bcd	44.42^hıj	47.42^a-d	47.95^c-j	47.62^a-d	51.37^a-f	48.55^abc	48.34^c-j	47.88^abc	52.77^abc	49.84^ab	47.70 BC	47.13 AB
Rosemary 600 ppm	45.02^hıj	43.94^bcd	46.05^f-j	44.79^bcd	47.31^c-j	44.14^bcd	48.21^c-j	47.68^abc	46.96^d-j	46.51^a-d	49.67^b-ı	49.23^abc	50.89^a-g	47.90^abc	47.17 C	46.31 BC
Rosemary 900 ppm	43.98^j	44.85^bcd	44.00^ıj	45.89^a-d	49.08^b-j	46.78^a-d	47.77^c-j	45.91^a-d	46.14^f-j	48.75^abc	47.48^c-j	47.17^a-d	49.47^b-j	47.47^a-d	46.85 C	46.69ABC
Mean	45.79 D	44.02 D	46.31 D	45.03 CD	47.26 CD	45.98 C	48.62 BC	46.44 BC	49.23 B	48.10AB	43.23 B	48.63 A	51.64 A	48.24 A

Storage Period (Days)
	Fruit Firmness (N)
	0	0 + 2	5	5 + 2	10	10 + 2	15	15 + 2	20	20 + 2	25	25 + 2	30	30 + 2	CSM	SLM Mean
Control	14.89^a-e	13.19^a-f	14.05^a-g	12.93^a-f	12.58^d-k	11.97^c-ı	12.49^e-l	10.23^ı-l	11.65^h-m	10.01^ı-l	10.97^ı-n	9.48^k-n	9.79^m-p	8.47^mno	12.34 B	10.90 B
Sage 300 ppm	15.13^abc	14.45^ab	14.95^a-d	13.34^a-f	14.53^a-f	13.33^a-f	13.26^b-ı	10.62^g-l	12.96^b-j	10.19^ı-l	12.17^f-m	9.58^j-m	9.84^m-p	8.70^l-o	13.26 A	11.46 B
Sage 600 ppm	15.17^ab	14.30^ab	14.65^a-e	13.95^abc	13.46^a-h	13.57^a-d	13.67^a-h	13.29^a-f	12.91^b-j	12.07^c-ı	12.52^e-l	11.56^d-k	9.22^mno	7.34^nop	13.19 A	12.30 A
Sage 900 ppm	13.37^a-h	13.94^abc	13.51^a-h	12.93^a-f	12.89^b-j	11.53^d-k	12.09^g-m	11.64^d-k	11.60^h-m	11.93^c-ı	11.96^g-m	10.03^ı-k	9.84^m-p	7.46^m-p	12.18 B	11.35 B
Rosemary 300 ppm	15.07^abc	13.24^a-f	13.24^b-ı	13.05^a-f	12.66^d-k	12.47^b-h	11.96^g-m	11.54^d-k	11.31^h-m	11.21^f-k	10.36^k-o	9.63j-m	7.52^p	7.10^op	11.73 B	11.18 B
Rosemary 600 ppm	15.68^a	14.85^a	13.30^a-h	13.26^a-f	12.98^b-j	11.88^c-ı	12.91^b-j	11.70^d-j	11.44^h-m	11.39^e-k	10.96^ı-n	10.36^h-l	8.58^nop	6.29^p	12.26 B	11.39 B
Rosemary 900 ppm	14.51^a-f	13.44^a-e	14.30^a-g	12.49^b-h	13.55^a-h	12.72^a-g	12.74^c-k	11.28^e-k	10.63^j-n	10.60^g-l	10.17^l-o	9.59^j-m	8.20^op	6.87^op	12.02 B	11 B
Mean	14.83 A	13.92 A	14.00 B	13.13 B	13.24 C	12.50 C	12.73 C	11.47 D	11.79 D	11.06 D	11.30 D	10.03 E	9.10 E	7.76 F
Titratable Acidity (%)
Control	0.452^d-j	0.418^b-f	0.449^d-j	0.416^b-f	0.455^d-h	0.397^b-f	0.436^d-n	0.387^c-f	0.369^g-o	0.399^b-f	0.347^j-o	0.325^f	0.329^o	0.329^ef	0.405 B	0.382 B
Sage 300 ppm	0.455^d-ı	0.487^abc	0.445^d-m	0.440^a-e	0.460^c-g	0.423^b-f	0.422^d-n	0.395^b-f	0.375^g-o	0.386^c-f	0.394^e-o	0.353^d-f	0.350^ı-o	0.362^d-f	0.414 B	0.407 AB
Sage 600 ppm	0.613^a	0.441^a-e	0.511^a-d	0.438^a-f	0.433^d-n	0.434^a-f	0.417^d-o	0.407^b-f	0.416^d-o	0.380^c-f	0.397^e-o	0.371^d-f	0.360^g-o	0.336^ef	0.450 A	0.401 AB
Sage 900 ppm	0.560^abc	0.450^a-d	0.457^c-h	0.419^b-f	0.420^d-o	0.420^b-f	0.413^d-o	0.368^d-f	0.383^e-o	0.377^c-f	0.366^g-o	0.371^d-f	0.343^k-o	0.352^d-f	0.420 B	0.394 AB
Rosemary 300 ppm	0.585^ab	0.504^ab	0.483^b-e	0.455^a-d	0.446^d-l	0.417^b-f	0.376^f-o	0.430^a-f	0.341^m-o	0.404^b-f	0.354^h-o	0.349^d-f	0.342^l-o	0.355^d-f	0.418 B	0.416 A
Rosemary 600 ppm	0.485^b-e	0.537^a	0.441^d-n	0.417^b-f	0.447^d-k	0.410^b-f	0.449^d-j	0.401^b-f	0.370^g-o	0.387^c-f	0.349^j-o	0.343^d-f	0.339^n-o	0.330^ef	0.412 B	0.404 AB
Rosemary 900 ppm	0.464^c-g	0.430^a-f	0.479^c-f	0.429^a-f	0.432^d-n	0.395^b-f	0.414^d-o	0.381^c-f	0.406^e-o	0.372^d-f	0.381^e-o	0.379^c-f	0.360^g-o	0.363^def	0.420 B	0.393 AB
Mean	0.516 A	0.467 A	0.466 B	0.431 B	0.442 BC	0.414 BC	0.418 C	0.396 C	0.380 D	0.386 CD	0.370 DE	0.356 DE	0.346 E	0.347 E
pH
Control	4.166^l	4.393^e-k	4.343^b-l	4.353^f-k	4.216^kl	4.413^e-k	4.393^a-k	4.536^a-ı	4.460^a-g	4.500^a-k	4.506^a-d	4.663^a-d	4.540^ab	4.713^a	4.375	4.510 A
Sage 300 ppm	4.263^g-l	4.276^k	4.296^e-l	4.340^g-k	4.340^b-l	4.450^b-k	4.346^b-l	4.506^a-k	4.316^c-l	4.546^a-h	4.450^a-g	4.666^abc	4.486^a-e	4.683^ab	4.355	4.495 AB
Sage 600 ppm	4.260^g-l	4.310^ıjk	4.260^g-l	4.356^f-k	4.306^d-l	4.470^b-k	4.380^a-k	4.516^a-j	4.376^a-k	4.506^a-k	4.433^a-j	4.496^a-k	4.473^a-f	4.510^a-k	4.355	4.452AB
Sage 900 ppm	4.246^h-l	4.440^c-k	4.276^f-l	4.410^e-k	4.380^a-k	4.486^a-k	4.363^a-l	4.443^c-k	4.346^b-l	4.493^a-k	4.440^a-ı	4.520^a-j	4.460^a-g	4.556^a-h	4.359	4.478 AB
Rosemary 300 ppm	4.326^c-l	4.276^k	4.383^a-k	4.333^g-k	4.300^e-l	4.503^a-k	4.433^a-j	4.470^b-k	4.406^a-k	4.466^b-k	4.443^a-h	4.536^a-ı	4.550^a	4.596^a-e	4.406	4.433 B
Rosemary 600 ppm	4.306^d-l	4.290^jk	4.296^e-l	4.430^d-k	4.340^b-l	4.465^b-k	4.390^a-k	4.506^a-k	4.406^a-k	4.566^a-g	4.390^a-k	4.580^a-f	4.516^abc	4.656^a-d	4.378	4.490 AB
Rosemary 900 ppm	4.236^j-l	4.406^e-k	4.240^ı-l	4.364^e	4.370^a-k	4.449^d	4.356^a-l	4.496^a-k	4.433^a-j	4.546^a-h	4.476^a-f	4.566^a-g	4.550^a	4.576^a-f	4.380	4.498 AB
Mean	4.258 E	4.341 E	4.299 DE	4.364 E	4.321 D	4.449 D	4.380 C	4.496 CD	4.392 C	4.518 BC	4.448 B	4.575 AB	4.510 A	4.613 A
Soluble Solid Content (%)
Control	4.16^abc	4.43^ns	4.26^abc	4.76	4.43^ab	4.33	4.33^abc	4.36	4.30^abc	4.33	4.40^ab	4.13	4.83^a	4.40	4.39 A	4.39^ns
Sage 300 ppm	4.06^abc	4.36	4.06^abc	4.60	4.16^abc	4.53	4.06^abc	4.50	4.30^abc	4.33	4.26^abc	4.20	4.83^a	4.43	4.25 AB	4.42
Sage 600 ppm	3.56^bc	4.33	3.76^bc	4.16	4.03^abc	4.00	4.33^abc	4.36	4.23^abc	4.53	4.26^abc	4.43	4.46^ab	4.33	4.09 BC	4.30
Sage 900 ppm	3.56^bc	4.36	3.90^abc	4.13	4.06^abc	4.46	4.23^abc	4.26	4.00^abc	4.36	4.30^abc	4.20	4.53^ab	4.43	4.09 BC	4.31
Rosemary 300 ppm	3.40^c	4.40	3.73^bc	4.20	3.93^abc	4.23	3.86^abc	4.36	3.86^abc	4.36	4.06^abc	4.26	4.16^abc	4.06	4.08 BC	4.27
Rosemary 600 ppm	3.56^bc	4.33	3.76^bc	4.26	3.96^abc	4.23	3.86^abc	4.03	4.10^abc	4.36	4.06^abc	4.03	4.20^abc	4.20	3.93 C	4.20
Rosemary 900 ppm	3.73^bc	4.36	3.96^abc	4.36	3.96^abc	4.46	4.13^abc	4.33	4.13^abc	4.33	4.26^abc	4.23	4.43^ab	4.30	3.86 C	4.34
Mean	3.72 D	4.36^ns	3.92 CD	4.35	4.08 BC	4.32	4.11 BC	4.31	4.13 BC	4.37	4.23 AB	4.21	4.49 A	4.30

Storage Period (Days)
	Decay Amount (%)
	0	0 + 2	5	5 + 2	10	10 + 2	15	15 + 2	20	20 + 2	25	25 + 2	30	30 + 2	CSM	SLM Mean
Control	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	8.46^d-g	12.63^c-g	14.16^c-g	23.14^a-e	30.20^abc	5.11 CD	7.54 BCD
Sage 300 ppm	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	3.03^fg	6.66^efg	8.09^efg	17.75^b-f	19.52^b-f	3.48 D	4.37 CD
Sage 600 ppm	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	4.16^fg	7.03^efg	12.96^c-g	17.77^b-g	2.44 D	3.54 D
Sage 900 ppm	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	11.11^c-g	12.85^c-g	18.70^b-f	19.99^b-f	27.86^abc	30.20^abc	8.23 ABC	9.00 ABC
Rosemary 300 ppm	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	10.35^d-g	12.22^c-g	15.87^b-g	18.98^b-f	20.58^a-f	21.48^b-e	6.68 BCD	7.52 BCD
Rosemary 600 ppm	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	13.69^c-g	15.92^c-g	24.20^a-d	26.38^a-d	32.70^ab	34.14^ab	10.08 AB	10.92 AB
Rosemary 900 ppm	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	0^g	18.05^b-f	20.13^b-f	25.59^a-d	29.07^abc	36.50^a	40.80^a	11.45 A	12.85 A
Mean	0 D	0 D	0 D	0 D	0 D	0 D	0 D	0 D	7.60 C	10.37 C	15.40 B	17.67 B	24.50 A	27.73 A
Calyx Desiccation (%)
Control	0^e	0^f	0^e	0^f	0^e	0^f	0^e	0^f	54.17^b	62.43^e	83.66^a	96.29^ab	96.29^a	100^a	31.59 A	36.96 AB
Sage 300 ppm	0^e	0^f	0^e	0^f	0^e	0^f	0^e	0^f	30.63^cd	69.36^de	42.59^bcd	77.14^cde	81.97^a	100^a	22.17 BC	33.39 AB
Sage 600 ppm	0^e	0^f	0^e	0^f	0^e	0^f	0^e	0^f	22.22^de	71.48^de	39.63^cd	75.18^cde	84.25^a	100^a	19.44 C	32.98 B
Sage 900 ppm	0^e	0^f	0^e	0^f	0^e	0^f	0^e	0^f	25.59^d	69.73^de	41.11^bcd	86.06^a-d	85.60^a	100^a	21.75 BC	34.45 AB
Rosemary 300 ppm	0^e	0^f	0^e	0^f	0^e	0^f	0^e	0^f	31.90^bcd	76.94^cde	42.06^bcd	81.01^bcd	85.47^a	100^a	24.85 BC	35.64 AB
Rosemary 600 ppm	0^e	0^f	0^e	0^f	0^e	0^f	0^e	0^f	36.31^bcd	80.37^b-e	50.00^bc	91.07^abc	89.72^a	100^a	26.61 AB	37.74 AB
Rosemary 900 ppm	0^e	0^f	0^e	0^f	0^e	0^f	0^e	0^f	36.11^bcd	79.86^b-e	52.38^bcd	92.13^abc	88.88^a	100^a	26.92 AB	38.32 A
Mean	0 D	0 C	0 D	0 C	0 D	0 C	0 D	0 C	33.84 C	72.88 B	48.77 B	86.08 A	90.73 A	90.55 A
Calyx Rupture (%)
Control	0^e	0^g	0^e	0^g	0^e	0^g	0^e	0^g	58.33^bc	66.13^e	87.96^a	96.66^ab	96.29^a	100^a	34.65 A	37.54 AB
Sage 300 ppm	0^e	0^g	0^e	0^g	0^e	0^g	0^e	0^g	38.73^cde	51.51f	49.62^bcd	80.47^d	87.27^a	100^a	25.09 BC	37.11 AB
Sage 600 ppm	0^e	0^g	0^e	0^g	0^e	0^g	0^e	0^g	29.62^e	64.07^ef	40.74^c-e	82.22^d	84.25^a	100^a	24.00 BC	35.18 BC
Sage 900 ppm	0^e	0^g	0^e	0^g	0^e	0^g	0^e	0^g	34.52^de	64.60^e	48.16^b-e	86.06^bcd	87.96^a	100^a	22.08 C	35.81 BC
Rosemary 300 ppm	0^e	0^g	0^e	0^g	0^e	0^g	0^e	0^g	39.22^cde	67.22^e	52.38^bcd	92.59^a-d	91.53^a	100^a	26.16 BC	33.14 C
Rosemary 600 ppm	0^e	0^g	0^e	0^g	0^e	0^g	0^e	0^g	45.23^b-e	80.37^d	54.16^bcd	95.83^abc	92.80^a	100^a	27.45 BC	39.45 A
Rosemary 900 ppm	0^e	0^g	0^e	0^g	0^e	0^g	0^e	0^g	40.27^cde	83.56^cd	61.30^b	96.29^abc	96.29^a	100^a	28.26 B	39.98 A
Mean	0 D	0 D	0 D	0 D	0 D	0 D	0 D	0 D	40.85 C	68.21 C	56.33 B	90.02 B	90.55 A	100 A
External Appearance (scale 1-9)
Control	9.00^a	9.00^a	9.00^a	8.63^ab	9.00^a	8.33^abc	7.00^b	6.33^de	5.56^cde	4.50^fgh	3.66^ghı	3.00^ı-l	3.00^hı	2.00^l	6.61 AB	5.92 C
Sage 300 ppm	9.00^a	9.00^a	9.00^a	8.80^ab	9.00^a	8.63^ab	7.33^b	8.66^ab	6.66^bc	5.00^fg	5.00^ef	3.00^ı-l	3.00^hı	2.53^jkl	6.85 A	6.42 B
Sage 600 ppm	9.00^a	9.00^a	9.00^a	9.00^a	9.00^a	9.00^a	7.00^b	9.00^a	5.66^cde	5.33^ef	5.00^ef	3.66^hıj	3.00^hı	2.66^jkl	6.66 AB	6.80 A
Sage 900 ppm	9.00^a	9.00^a	9.00^a	8.10^abc	9.00^a	8.73^ab	7.33^b	8.33^ab	5.00^ef	5.00^fg	5.00^ef	3.33^h-k	3.00^hı	2.86^ı-l	6.76 A	6.40 B
Rosemary 300 ppm	9.00^a	9.00^a	9.00^a	8.60^ab	9.00^a	8.43^ab	7.00^b	7.00^cd	5.33^de	5.00^fg	4.00^fgh	3.00^ı-l	3.33^hı	2.00^l	6.66 AB	6.14 BC
Rosemary 600 ppm	9.00^a	9.00^a	9.00^a	9.00^a	9.00^a	7.66^bc	6.66^bc	7.00^cd	5.00^ef	5.00^fg	5.00^ef	3.00^ı-l	3.00^hı	2.00^l	6.66 AB	6.09 BC
Rosemary 900 ppm	9.00^a	9.00^a	9.00^a	8.80^ab	9.00^a	8.20^abc	6.33^bcd	7.66^bc	4.66^efg	4.00^ghı	4.00^fgh	2.20^k-l	2.66^ı	2.66^jkl	6.38 B	6.07 BC
Mean	9.00 A	9.00 A	9.00 A	8.70 AB	9.00 A	8.38 B	6.95 B	7.71 C	5.42 C	4.66 D	4.23 D	3.09 E	3.00 E	2.32 F
Taste and Aroma (scale 1-5)
Control	5.00^a	5.00^a	5.00^a	4.70^ab	4.60^abc	4.50^ab	4.53^abc	4.36^abc	3.60^de	3.30^bcd	2.66^fg	2.66^fg	1.66^h	1.33^h	3.86 B	3.69 BCD
Sage 300 ppm	5.00^a	5.00^a	5.00^a	4.63^ab	4.83^ab	4.60^ab	4.60^abc	4.33^abc	4.10^bcd	4.00^bcd	3.00^ef	3.00^ef	3.00^ef	2.66^fg	4.23 A	4.03 A
Sage 600 ppm	5.00^a	5.00^a	5.00^a	4.80^ab	4.83^ab	4.60^ab	4.73^abc	4.33^abc	4.00^cd	3.33^def	3.00^ef	3.00^ef	3.00^ef	2.00^gh	4.22 A	3.86 AB
Sage 900 ppm	5.00^a	5.00^a	5.00^a	4.70^ab	4.73^abc	4.60^ab	4.63^abc	4.38^abc	3.50^de	3.30^bcd	3.00^ef	3.00^ef	2.66^fg	2.00^gh	4.02 AB	3.75 BC
Rosemary 300 ppm	5.00^a	5.00^a	5.00^a	4.53^ab	4.53^abc	4.43^abc	4.53^abc	4.00^bcd	3.50^de	3.00^ef	2.33^fgh	2.00^gh	2.00^gh	2.00^gh	3.84 B	3.56 CD
Rosemary 600 ppm	5.00^a	5.00^a	5.00^a	4.50^ab	4.33^abc	4.30^abc	4.53^abc	4.00^bcd	3.50^de	3.00^ef	2.33^fgh	2.00^gh	2.00^gh	1.66^h	3.82 B	3.49 DE
Rosemary 900 ppm	5.00^a	5.00^a	5.00^a	4.00^bcd	4.00^cd	3.66^cde	4.00^cd	3.63^cde	3.00^ef	2.66^fg	2.00^gh	2.00^gh	1.66^h	2.00^gh	3.52 C	3.28 E
Mean	5.00 A	5.00 A	5.00 A	4.55 B	4.56 B	4.38 BC	4.50 B	4.15 C	3.61 C	3.22 D	2.57 D	2.47 E	2.28 E	1.90 F

Storage Period (Days)
	Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) Content (mg/100 mg)
	0	0 + 2	5	5 + 2	10	10 + 2	15	15 + 2	20	20 + 2	25	25 + 2	30	30 + 2	CSM	SLM Mean
Control	13.67^ab	13.51^bc	12.09^b-ı	12.48^d-g	10.48 ^ı-n	10.59^ı-m	10.51^ı-n	10.70^ıjk	8.57^o-r	8.65^qr	8.10^p-r	7.97^s-v	7.12^s	7.24^v	10.08 B	10.16 D
Sage 300 ppm	14.37^a	14.10^ab	13.18^a-d	13.24^b-e	11.70^d-ı	11.28^hıj	11.41^e-j	11.37^hıj	8.82^o-r	8.35^stu	7.78^r	8.34^stu	8.07^p-r	8.14^stu	10.76 A	10.69 C
Sage 600 ppm	13.34^abc	13.73^ab	12.81^a-e	12.43^e-g	11.17^f-l	11.45^hı	10.71^h-m	10.25^k-n	10.84^g-m	10.64^ı-l	9.53^m-q	9.78^lmn	8.02^qr	8.44^stu	10.92 A	10.96 AB
Sage 900 ppm	13.12^a-d	13.55^bc	12.47^b-f	12.51^def	10.55^h-m	10.29^k-n	10.86^f-m	10.33^k-n	9.49^m-q	9.72^mno	8.36^p-r	8.66^s	7.19^s	7.65^uv	10.29 B	10.39 D
Rosemary 300 ppm	14.12^a	14.52^a	12.96^a-e	12.46^d-g	11.99^c-ı	11.76^fgh	10.97^f-m	10.55^j-m	9.55^l-q	9.73^mno	8.67^o-r	8.60^st	7.61^r	7.88^s-v	10.84 A	10.78 BC
Rosemary 600 ppm	14.27^a	14.56^a	13.25^a-d	13.32^bcd	12.16^b-h	12.70^cde	11.18^f-k	11.26^hıj	9.66^k-p	9.30^opq	8.92^n-r	8.74^s	7.55^r	7.75^tuv	11 A	11.09 A
Rosemary 900 ppm	13.26^a-d	13.58^bc	12.34^b-g	12.44^d-g	11.01^f-m	11.47^hı	11.70^d-ı	11.61^gh	10.02^j-o	10.68^ıjk	9.98^j-o	9.63^nop	8.67^o-r	9.02^o-r	11 A	11.20 A
Mean	13.73 A	13.93 A	12.73 B	12.70 B	11.29 C	11.36 C	11.05 C	10.87 D	9.56 D	9.58 E	8.76 E	8.82 F	7.75 F	8.02 G
Total Phenolic Substance Amount (mg/g)
Control	0.42^ns	0.55	0.54	0.63	0.63	0.79	0.77	0.76	0.73	0.84	0.80	1.00	0.82	1.14	0.67^ns	0.81 A
Sage 300 ppm	0.47	0.52	0.57	0.52	0.69	0.60	0.61	0.75	0.76	0.82	0.84	0.93	0.86	1.05	0.69	0.74 B
Sage 600 ppm	0.51	0.52	0.59	0.49	0.69	0.62	0.72	0.74	0.69	0.83	0.81	0.95	0.88	1.01	0.70	0.74 B
Sage 900 ppm	0.48	0.49	0.58	0.47	0.67	0.64	0.60	0.74	0.76	0.81	0.81	0.94	0.85	0.90	0.68	0.71 B
Rosemary 300 ppm	0.55	0.51	0.46	0.61	0.57	0.59	0.66	0.75	0.75	0.82	0.88	0.94	0.94	1.00	0.69	0.75 AB
Rosemary 600 ppm	0.50	0.52	0.58	0.61	0.57	0.74	0.64	0.70	0.76	0.80	0.81	0.91	0.88	1.02	0.68	0.76 AB
Rosemary 900 ppm	0.51	0.51	0.41	0.58	0.52	0.62	0.61	0.72	0.79	0.87	0.83	0.84	0.88	0.96	0.65	0.73 B
Mean	0.49 F	0.52 F	0.53 EF	0.56 F	0.62 DE	0.66 E	0.66 CD	0.74 D	0.75 BC	0.82 C	0.82 AB	0.93 B	0.87 A	1.01 A
Lycopene Amount (mg/100 g)
Control	9.01^ab	10.91^a	6.37^d-g	7.44^bcd	5.50^g-j	5.56^efg	4.08^k-r	3.47^hıj	3.30^m-r	3.10^ıj	3^q-r	3.00^ıj	2.20^s	2.65^j	4.78 B	5.16 C
Sage 300 ppm	9.62^a	11.81^a	7.50^cde	8.69^b	6.35^efg	6.37^def	4.49^ı-m	5.56^efg	3.57^k-r	4.37^ghı	3.27^m-r	4.05^g-j	2.92^r	3.71^hıj	5.39 A	6.37 AB
Sage 600 ppm	9.59^a	11.42^a	7.86^bc	8.47^bc	6.26^fg	6.80^def	4.65^h-k	4.16^g-j	4.20^k-q	4.05^g-j	3.66^k-r	3.56^hıj	2.90r	3.34^hıj	5.59 A	5.97 B
Sage 900 ppm	9.28^a	11.15^a	7.45^c-f	8.58^b	5.68^ghı	6.29^def	4.28^j-p	5.49^fg	3.54^k-r	4.22^gh	3.64^k-r	3.58^hıj	3.25^n-r	3.57^hıj	5.30 A	6.12 B
Rosemary 300 ppm	9.58^a	11.03^a	7.61^cd	8.93^b	5.86^gh	6.41^def	4.56^ı-l	4.62^gh	3.41^k-r	4.31^ghı	3.22^o-r	3.45^hıj	3.10^pqr	3.21^hıj	5.33 A	5.99 B
Rosemary 600 ppm	9.69^a	11.19^a	7.47^c-f	10.53^a	5.63^ghı	7.05^cde	4.44^ı-o	6.23^gh	3.93^k-r	4.42^gh	3.43^k-r	3.69^hıj	3.18^pqr	3.64^hıj	5.39 A	6.68 A
Rosemary 900 ppm	9.37^a	11.46^a	7.39^c-f	8.60^b	5.60^ghı	6.29^def	4.47^ı-n	4.63^gh	3.35^l-r	4.10^g-j	3.72^k-r	4.15^g-j	3.18^pqr	3.66^hıj	5.30 A	6.13 B
Mean	9.45 A	11.28 A	7.38 B	8.75 B	5.84 C	6.40 C	4.43 D	4.88 D	3.61 E	4.08 E	3.42 E	3.64 F	2.96 F	3.40 F
Β-Carotene Amount (mg/100 g)
Control	0.51^o	0.74^m	0.57^mno	0.77^lm	0.66^l-o	0.88^ı-m	0.74^ı-o	0.86^j-m	0.84^d-o	0.89^h-m	0.94^a-l	0.93^f-m	1.06^a-k	1.07^a-m	0.76 B	0.88 D
Sage 300 ppm	0.55^mno	0.90^g-m	0.76^g-o	0.97^e-m	0.86^b-o	1.02^c-m	0.85^b-o	1.08^a-l	1.06^a-j	1.10^a-k	1.11^a-g	1.18^a-j	1.15^a-e	1.36^ab	0.91 A	1.09 ABC
Sage 600 ppm	0.54^mno	0.85^j-m	0.76^g-o	0.90^g-m	0.84^d-o	1.01^c-m	0.85^c-o	1.06^a-m	1.08^a-ı	1.13^a-k	1.18^a-d	1.17^a-k	1.20^ab	1.29^a-e	0.92 A	1.06 ABC
Sage 900 ppm	0.54^mno	0.86^j-m	0.68^l-o	0.85^j-m	0.78^f-o	0.90^g-m	0.85^b-o	0.99^c-m	1.07^a-ı	1.04^b-m	1.08^a-ı	1.04^b-m	1.20^abc	1.32^abc	0.89 A	1.00 C
Rosemary 300 ppm	0.57^mno	0.84^klm	0.71^j-o	0.98^d-m	0.70^l-o	1.06^a-m	0.87^b-n	1.14^a-k	1.09^a-ı	1.26^a-f	1.09^a-h	1.21^a-ı	1.26^a	1.28^a-e	0.90 A	1.11 AB
Rosemary 600 ppm	0.56^mno	0.91^g-m	0.82^e-o	0.97^d-m	0.86^b-o	1.06^a-m	0.89^b-m	1.22^a-g	1.12^a-f	1.22^a-h	1.10^a-h	1.29^a-e	1.19^abc	1.38^a	0.93 A	1.15 A
Rosemary 900 ppm	0.53^no	0.86^j-m	0.71^k-o	0.89^ı-m	0.77^f-o	0.97^d-m	0.83^d-o	0.99^c-m	0.81^e-o	1.05^a-m	1.07^a-ı	1.13^a-k	1.15^a-e	1.30^a-d	0.84 AB	1.03 BC
Mean	0.54 E	0.85 E	0.72 D	0.90 DE	0.78 CD	0.98 CD	0.84 C	1.05 BC	1.01 B	1.10 B	1.08 AB	1.14 B	1.17 A	1.28 A

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E-mail: revista@sbcta.org.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: halimeunlu@isparta.edu.tr