Typical Brazilian cheeses: safety, mineral content and adequacy to the nutritional labeling

MESSIAS, Tayanna Bernardo Oliveira Nunes; MAGNANI, Marciane; PIMENTEL, Tatiana Colombo; SILVA, Luana Martiniano da; ALVES, Juliane; GADELHA, Tatiane Santi; MORGANO, Marcelo Antônio; PACHECO, Maria Teresa Bertoldo; OLIVEIRA, Maria Elieidy Gomes de; QUEIROGA, Rita de Cássia Ramos do Egypto

doi:10.1590/fst.37121

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Original Article • Food Sci. Technol (Campinas) 42 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.37121 copy

Typical Brazilian cheeses: safety, mineral content and adequacy to the nutritional labeling

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of six typical Brazilian cheeses (bovine milk coalho, goat milk coalho, fresh ricotta, manteiga, fresh Minas, and Padrão Minas). Padrão Minas cheese presented high acidity and the highest contents of protein, fat, and ash, while Ricotta cheese presented the lowest contents of protein, fat, and ash. Bovine milk coalho and Minas fresh cheeses were characterized as source of zinc. Manteiga cheese was characterized by the yellow color (higher b* values). Goat milk coalho cheese was characterized by the white color (higher L* values) and presented the highest concentration of minerals (potassium, iron, magnesium, calcium, manganese, and phosphorus). Part of the typical Brazilian cheeses did not agree with the legislation for moisture (5.9%) and fat in the dry matter (11.8%) classifications, as well as, did not have adequate concentrations of protein (65.4%) and fat (44.9%) stated in the label, being the non-conformity dependent on the cheese type. Furthermore, 30% of the cheeses (30%) disagreed with the microbiological Brazilian legislation, as they presented coliforms and/or coagulase-positive Staphylococcus counts above the limits. It can be concluded that the Brazilian cheeses are nutritive, but the microbial quality and nutritional labels need improvement.

Keywords:
curd cheese; butter cheese; microbial quality; legislation; mineral content; nutrition

Cheese
Variable^* * Values are expressed in g/100 g.	Cow milk coalho cheese	Goat milk coalho cheese	Manteiga cheese	Minas fresh cheese	Padrão Minas cheese	Fresh ricotta
Moisture	45.42 ± 4.49^cd	52.44 ± 1.56^b	47.75 ± 3.65^c	43.91 ± 5.52^d	41.58 ± 0.43^d	64.70 ± 6.08^a
Protein	24.17 ± 2.63^ab	22.48 ± 0.77^bc	25.41 ± 1.41^a	21.81 ± 1.52^c	22.70 ± 0.79^abc	15.49 ± 4.52^d
Fat	24.74 ± 4.48^a	20.55 ± 2.89^bc	19.30 ± 4.48^c	24.13 ± 2.64^ab	26.27 ± 0.76^a	15.99 ± 4.52^d
Ash	3.58 ± 0.91^a	3.59 ± 0.22^a	2.48 ± 0.39^b	3.10 ± 0.34^ab	3.61 ± 0.24^a	1.78 ± 0.98^c

Cheese
Variable	Cow milk coalho cheese	Goat milk coalho cheese	Manteiga cheese	Minas fresh cheese	Padrão Minas cheese	Fresh ricotta
pH	6.73 ± 0.40^a	6.47 ± 0.19^ab	6.50 ± 0.46^a	6.75 ± 0.53^a	6.08 ± 0.04^b	6.16 ± 0.55^b
Acidity¹ 1 Acidity in % lactic acid.	0.55 ± 0.03^b	0.80 ± 0.08^ab	0.26 ± 0.01^c	0.74 ± 0.04^b	1.18 ± 0.02^a	0.66 ± 0.04^b
Aw	0.96 ± 0.01^c	0.97 ± 0.01^b	0.96 ± 0.01^c	0.98 ± 0.01^ab	0.96 ± 0.01^c	0.98 ± 0.01^a
L*	87.12 ± 2.80^b	92.59 ± 8.75^a	71.27 ± 5.12^d	86.54 ± 4.94^b	81.86 ± 1.18^c	92.33 ± 1.27^a
a*	-3.11 ± 0.57^a	-2.99 ± 0.50^ab	-3.71 ± 2.40^a	-3.35 ± 0.32^a	-3.09 ± 0.18^ab	-2.23 ± 0.28^b
b*	23.23 ± 3.75^b	11.78 ± 1.40^c	31.84 ± 7.63^a	24.84 ± 5.41^b	30.02 ± 0.82^a	15.16 ± 1.67^c

Cheese/Brand	FDM content (g/100 g)	Classification	Adequacy of FDM content¹ 1 Classification of the product according to the Technical Regulation for the Identity and Quality (Regulamento Técnico de Identidade e Qualidade - RTIQ) of cheeses of Ordinance n. 146/96 of MAPA;	Moisture (g/100 g)	Classification	Adequacy of moisture^* * Not applied to Ordinance n. 146/96 of MAPA (Brasil, 1996).
Cow milk coalho cheese
A	48.85 ± 1.30	Fat	Suitable	44.38 ± 0.90	High	Suitable
B	48.72 ± 3.89	Fat	Suitable	42.64 ± 1.21	Average	Suitable
C	35.71 ± 3.52	Semi-fat	Suitable	45.82 ± 1.75	Average	Suitable
D	33.14 ± 4.26	Semi-fat	Suitable	48.68 ± 2.59	High	Suitable
E	49.91 ± 5.02	Fat	Suitable	45.53 ± 1.64	Average	Suitable
F	45.66 ± 1.77	Fat	Suitable	46.16 ± 0.37	High	Suitable
G	60.24 ± 12.40	Extra fat	Non-compliance	49.86 ± 11.19	High	Suitable
H	42.58 ± 1.56	Semi-fat	Suitable	43.51 ±.0.77	Average	Suitable
I	45.65 ± 1.94	Fat	Suitable	42.17 ±.0.62	Average	Suitable
Goat milk coalho cheese
F	40.14 ± 3.35	Semi-fat	Suitable	52.88 ± 1.60	High	Suitable
L	49.62 ± 4.64	Fat	Suitable	51.37 ± 1.24	High	Suitable
Fresh ricotta
A	28.46 ± 4.78	Semi-fat	Not applicable^* * Not applied to Ordinance n. 146/96 of MAPA (Brasil, 1996).	74.07 ± 0.27	Very high	Not applicable*
B	40.90 ± 3.64	Semi-fat	Not applicable*	63.85 ± 1.94	Very high	Not applicable*
D	53.38 ± 3.03	Fat	Not applicable*	54.32 ± 3.76	High	Not applicable*
E	39.90 ± 7.44	Semi-fat	Not applicable*	60.58 ± 0.64	Very high	Not applicable*
F	56.34 ± 4.60	Fat	Not applicable*	67.18 ± 1.91	Very high	Not applicable*
H	47.06 ± 5.23	Fat	Not applicable*	64.39 ± 0.71	Very high	Not applicable*
I	48.39 ± 5.06	Fat	Not applicable*	68.51 ± 0.90	Very high	Not applicable*
Manteiga cheese
C	38.07 ± 1.32	Semi-fat	Suitable	50.55 ± 1.53	High	Suitable
D	28.13 ± 1.89	Semi-fat	Suitable	47.57 ± 1.28	High	Suitable
E	45.69 ± 2.79	Fat	Suitable	41.66 ± 2.14	Average	Suitable
H	38.75 ± 4.92	Semi-fat	Suitable	47.67 ± 0.49	High	Suitable
J	32.88 ± 0.78	Semi-fat	Suitable	51.28 ± 0.23	High	Suitable
Minas fresh cheese
A	46.68 ± 0.94	Fat	Non-compliance	48.65 ± 0.30	High	Suitable
E	40.64 ± 8.10	Semi-fat	Suitable	39.16 ± 3.74	Average	Non-compliance
Padrão Minas cheese
A	45.14 ± 0.00	Fat	Not applicable*	41.58 ± 0.11	Average	Not applicable*

Cheeses	Minerals	Mean (± DP) mg/100 g	Values RDI^* * Recommended Daily Intake for adults was calculated according to RDC no. 269, of September 22, 2005 (Brasil, 2005);	% RDI	% RDI per serving (30 g)
Bovine milk coalho	Calcium	872.04 ± 62.90^a	1000 mg	87.20	26.16
	Magnesium	30.46 ± 2.92^b	260 mg	11.72	3.51
	Phosphorus	535.70 ± 34.55^a	700 mg	76.53	22.96
	Potassium (g)^ Reducing salt intake populations: report of a WHO forum and technical meeting (World Health Organization, 2013).	86.19 ± 17.46^c	3.51 g	245.58	73.68
	Sodium	541.44 ± 89.93^b	2400 mg	22.56	6.77
Goat milk coalho	Calcium	932.03 ± 62.61^a	1000 mg	93.20	27.96
	Magnesium	48.54 ± 10.39^a	260 mg	18.67	5.60
	Phosphorus	595.60 ± 20.99^a	700 mg	85.09	25.53
	Potassium (g)**	121.81 ± 17.48^a	3.51 g	347.01	104.10
	Sodium	282.16 ± 115.81^c	2400 mg	11.76	3.53
Fresh ricotta	Calcium	932.03 ± 293.32^a	1000 mg	93.20	27.96
	Magnesium	18.67 ± 5.40^c	260 mg	7.18	2.15
	Phosphorus	292.07 ± 148.55^b	700 mg	41.72	12.52
	Potassium (g)**	108.22 ± 13.38^ab	3.51 g	308.26	92.48
	Sodium	82.28 ± 38.29^d	2400 mg	3.43	1.03
Manteiga cheese	Calcium	207.14 ± 85.39^c	1000 mg	20.71	6.21
	Magnesium	10.89 ± 4.67^d	260 mg	4.19	1.26
	Phosphorus	275.70 ± 37.47^b	700 mg	39.39	11.82
	Potassium (g)**	76.61 ± 30.32^c	3.51 g	218.23	65.47
	Sodium	706.64 ± 89.72^a	2400 mg	29.44	8.83
Fresh minas	Calcium	840.10 ± 51.80^a	1000 mg	84.01	25.20
	Magnesium	29.89 ± 3.05^b	260 mg	11.50	3.45
	Phosphorus	596.47 ± 44.76^a	700 mg	85.21	25.56
	Potassium (g)**	84.97 ± 4.78^c	3.51 g	242.17	72.65
	Sodium	185.11 ± 107.32^c	2400 mg	7.71	2.31
Padrão minas	Calcium	800.05 ± 45.45^a	1000 mg	80.01	24.00
	Magnesium	31.97 ± 2.87^b	260 mg	12.30	3.69
	Phosphorus	532.51 ± 20.58^a	700 mg	76.07	22.82
	Potassium (g)**	87.07 ± 8.66^bc	3.51 g	248.15	74.44
	Sodium	519.96 ± 5.50^b	2400 mg	21.67	6.50

Cheeses	Minerals	Mean (± DP) mg/100 g	Values RDI^* * Recommended Daily Intake for adults was calculated according to RDC no. 269, of September 22, 2005 (Brasil, 2005).	% RDI	% RDI per serving (30 g)
Bovine milk coalho	Iron	0.16 ± 0.03	14 mg	1.14	0.34
	Manganese	0.03 ± 0.00	2.3 mg	1.30	0.39
	Zinc	3.62 ± 0.33	7 mg	51.71	15.51
Goat milk coalho	Iron	0.26 ± 0.01	14 mg	1.86	0.56
	Manganese	0.03 ± 0.00	2.3 mg	1.30	0.39
	Zinc	2.91 ± 0.30	7 mg	41.57	12.47
Fresh ricotta	Iron	0.20 ± 0.05	14 mg	1.43	0.43
	Manganese	0.01 ± 0.00	2.3 mg	0.43	0.13
	Zinc	0.72 ± 0.20	7 mg	10.29	3.09
Manteiga cheese	Iron	0.15 ± 0.07	14 mg	1.07	0.32
	Manganese	0.01 ± 0.00	2.3 mg	0.43	0.13
	Zinc	2.31 ± 0.38	7 mg	33.00	9.90
Fresh minas	Iron	0.21 ± 0.05	14 mg	1.50	0.45
	Manganese	0.03 ± 0.00	2.3 mg	1.30	0.39
	Zinc	4.35 ± 0.23	7 mg	62.14	18.64
Padrão minas	Iron	0.18 ± 0.02	14 mg	1.29	0.39
	Manganese	0.02 ± 0.00	2.3 mg	0.87	0.26
	Zinc	3.33 ± 0.10	7 mg	47.57	14.27

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[1] *Corresponding author: magnani2@gmail.com