Authenticity markers in habanero pepper (<i>Capsicum chinense</i>) by the quantification of mineral multielements through ICP-spectroscopy

RAMÍREZ-SUCRE, Manuel Octavio; ONEY-MONTALVO, Julio Enrique; LOPE-NAVARRETE, Mariela Carolina; BARRON-ZAMBRANO, Jesús Alberto; HERRERA-CORREDOR, José Andrés; CABAL-PRIETO, Adán; RODRÍGUEZ-BUENFIL, Ingrid Mayanin; RAMÍREZ-RIVERA, Emmanuel de Jesús

doi:10.1590/fst.24121

Manuel Octavio RAMÍREZ-SUCRE

Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C, Sede Sureste, Mérida, YN, México

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7830-3066

Julio Enrique ONEY-MONTALVO

Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C, Sede Sureste, Mérida, YN, México

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6119-9311

Mariela Carolina LOPE-NAVARRETE

Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, YN, México

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8611-1013

Jesús Alberto BARRON-ZAMBRANO

Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, YN, México

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-4450

José Andrés HERRERA-CORREDOR

Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Córdoba, Veracruz, VZ, México

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2392-2521

Adán CABAL-PRIETO

Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Huatusco, Huatusco, VZ, México

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2267-7915

Ingrid Mayanin RODRÍGUEZ-BUENFIL ^**Corresponding authors: irodriguez@ciatej.mx, ejramirezrivera@itszongolica.edu.mx

Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C, Sede Sureste, Mérida, YN, México

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6253-8389

Emmanuel de Jesús RAMÍREZ-RIVERA ^**Corresponding authors: irodriguez@ciatej.mx, ejramirezrivera@itszongolica.edu.mx

Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C, Sede Sureste, Mérida, YN, México

Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Zongolica, Zongolica, VZ, México

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3865-1314

† First author

*Corresponding authors: irodriguez@ciatej.mx, ejramirezrivera@itszongolica.edu.mx

	Elements (ppm)
Sample	Al	As	Pb	Ca	K	Mg	Na	Cu	Fe	Mn	Se	Zn
RSRPI	25.30 ± 1.80^de^* * Different literals in columns indicates significant difference according to Tukey test at p < 0.05;	85.00 ± 1.10^f	86.20 ± 1.00^abcd	549.00 ± 1.10^cdef	5,399.00 ± 1.40^ab	933.60 ± 1.40^bc	2,175.88 ± 5.80^a	4.00 ± 0.00^bc	32.00 ± 0.00^bc	8.00 ± 0.00^ab	100.00 ± 0.00^de	12.00 ± 0.00^c
RSRNI	35.00 ± 1.40^de	104.00 ± 0.00^d	100.00 ± 0.00^abc	619.90 ± 0.10^abcd	5,086.00 ± 0.90^abc	903.00 ± 4.20^bc	1,220.00 ± 0.00^fgh	4.00 ± 0.00^bc	23.30 ± 1.80^bc	6.00 ± 0.00^ab	92.00 ± 0.00^e	10.60 ± 0.90^c
BSRPI	127.30 ± 0.00^a	84.30 ± 0.40^f	121.60 ± 1.40^a	731.00 ± 1.40^a	5,820.00 ± 0.00^a	849.33 ± 2.80^c	317.00 ± 4.20ⁱ	4.00 ± 0.00^bc	30.30 ± 0.40^bc	6.30 ± 0.40^ab	71.90 ± 2.90^f	682.30 ± 2.30^a
BSRNI	16.60 ± 0.90^e	87.30 ± 0.90^f	95.30 ± 2.80^abc	573.00 ± 1.40^bcdef	5,400.00 ± 0.00^ab	918.66 ± 0.00^bc	1,679.00 ± 1.40^bcd	4.00 ± 0.00^bc	22.60 ± 0.90^bc	6.00 ± 0.00^ab	114.30 ± 1.40^abcd	10.00 ± 0.00^c
RSRPII	22.60 ± 0.90^e	106.60 ± 0.90^d	118.00 ± 2.80^ab	560.00 ± 0.00^cdef	5,277.00 ± 4.20^ab	900.66 ± 0.90^bc	1,620.00 ± 0.00^bcde	4.00 ± 0.00^bc	25.30 ± 0.00^bc	6.00 ± 0.00^ab	127.00 ± 4.20^a	10.30 ± 0.40^c
RSRNII	22.00 ± 0.00^e	99.00 ± 1.40^e	110.60 ± 0.00^abc	700.00 ± 0.00^ab	4,958.00 ± 2.80^abcd	960.00 ± 0.00^bc	1,656.66 ± 1.80^bcd	4.00 ± 0.00^bc	18.60 ± 0.00^c	6.00 ± 0.00^ab	119.30 ± 0.90^abc	10.00 ± 0.00^c
BSRPII	17.90 ± 0.00^e	100.00 ± 0.00^e	94.20 ± 0.90^abc	557.70 ± 0.00^cdef	5,488.04 ± 0.00^ab	889.44 ± 1.40^c	1,836.80 ± 4.50^abc	3.98 ± 0.00^bc	17.90 ± 0.00^c	5.90 ± 0.00^ab	104.00 ± 1.80^cde	11.20 ± 0.00^c
BSRNII	15.00 ± 0.47^e	106.30 ± 0.40^d	107.00 ± 1.40^abc	680.00 ± 0.00^abc	5,594.00 ± 0.00^ab	958.00 ± 2.80^bc	1,299.33 ± 0.90^defg	4.00 ± 0.00^bc	22.00 ± 0.00^bc	6.00 ± 0.00^ab	100.90 ± 1.50^de	8.00 ± 0.00^c
RSRPIII	87.00 ± 1.41^b	118.00 ± 2.80^c	107.60±0.40^abc	597.30 ± 0.00^abcde	4,598.80 ± 1.60^bcde	1040.00 ± 0.00^b	2,001.00 ± 1.40^ab	5.30 ± 0.90^b	46.00 ± 2.80^bc	6.30 ± 0.40^ab	107.00 ± 1.40^bcde	200.00 ± 2.80^b
RSRNIII	41.50±0.46^cde	134.40 ± 4.20^a	103.50 ± 0.00^abc	597.60±0.00^abcde	4,181.80 ± 1.90^cde	978.75 ± 0.90^bc	1,513.94 ± 0.00^cdef	1.90 ± 0.00^c	19.90 ± 0.00^c	7.90 ± 0.00^ab	120.50 ± 1.40^ab	8.63 ± 0.00^c
BSRPIII	98.30 ± 0.47^b	128.00 ± 2.80^b	94.60 ± 0.00^abc	628.00 ± 0.00^abcd	4,918.70 ± 1.80^abcd	1020.00 ± 0.00^b	1,640.00 ± 0.00^bcd	10.00 ± 0.00^a	105.80 ± 0.20^a	11.00 ± 1.40^a	121.60 ± 1.40^ab	282.66 ± 0.00^b
BSRNIII	34.80 ± 1.40^de	129.40 ± 0.00^b	4.90 ± 1.40^f	359.50 ± 1.40^g	2,829.60 ± 1.40^f	734.06 ± 1.40^d	856.57 ± 0.00^h	1.9.0 ± 0.00^c	15.9. ± 0.00^c	3.90 ± 0.00^b	90.63 ± 1.40^e	4.30 ± 0.40^c
RSRPIV	56.00 ± 2.82^bcd	11.90 ± 0.10^j	36.60 ± 0.00^e	317.00 ± 4.20^g	2,700.00 ± 0.00^f	658.00 ± 2.80^d	897.90 ± 2.90^h	2.00 ± 0.00^c	32.00 ± 2.80^bc	4.60 ± 0.90^b	120.10 ± 0.10^abc	3.00 ± 0.40^c
RSRNIV	26.80 ± 1.40^de	30.80±2.30ⁱ	72.30 ± 0.90^bcde	517.92 ± 0.00^def	3,768.93 ± 0.00^ef	993.00 ± 1.40^bc	966.00 ± 0.00g^h	2.00 ± 0.00^c	50.80 ± 1.40^bc	8.90 ± 1.40^a	5.90 ± 0.00^h	6.90 ± 1.40^c
BSRPIV	34.00 ± 0.00^de	40.00 ± 0.00^h	84.00 ± 1.80^abcd	441.00 ±1 .40^fg	3,864.00 ± 0.00^e	979.00 ± 1.40^bc	999.00 ± 1.40g^h	2.00 ± 0.00^c	25.00 ± 1.40^bc	6.00 ± 0.00^ab	7.50 ± 0.70^h	7.00 ± 0.40^c
BSRNIV	17.30 ± 0.94^e	54.00 ± 2.80^g	65.30 ± 0.90^cde	559.00 ± 1.40^cdef	4,000.00 ± 0.00^de	1240.00 ± 0.00^a	1,097.90 ± 2.90^gh	3.50 ± 0.70^bc	36.00 ± 0.00^bc	8.60 ± 0.90^a	35.60 ± 2.30^g	10.60 ± 0.00^c

Element	Ripening	Harvest number	Type of soil
Heavy
Al	0.0008^* ***** Significant at p < 0.0001;	0.004**	0.51^ns
As	0.007^ Significant at p < 0.001;	< 0.001**	0.12^ns
Cd	0.32^ns	0.4^ns	0.32^ns
Pb	0.25^ns	0.008**	0.35^ns
Major
Ca	0.40^ns	0.004**	0.79^ns
K	0.14^ns	< 0.0001**	0.20^ns
Mg	0.27^ns	0.78^ns	0.55^ns
Na	0.32^ns	0.03^* * Significant at p < 0.05;	0.06^ns
Essential
Cu	0.049*	0.05^ns	0.20^ns
Fe	0.06^ns	0.06^ns	0.61^ns
Mn	0.89^ns	0.50^ns	0.99^ns
Se	0.29^ns	< 0.0001**	0.06^ns
Zn	0.01**	0.06^ns	0.08^ns

	Ripening stage						Soil
Element	Ripening (green coloration)	Ripe (orange coloration)	I (132)	II (160)	III (209)	IV (265)	Black (Box lu’um)	Red(K’áankablu’um)
Heavy
Al	26.15 ± 9.60^b^* * Different literals in a row indicate significant differences by factor according to Tukey test at p < 0.05.	58.57 ± 39.60^a	51.08 ± 47.50^a	19.39 ± 3.35^b	65.42 ± 29.55^a	33.55 ± 15.27^b	45.18 ± 41.70^a	39.54 ± 21.60^a
As	93.18 ± 32.20^a	84.23 ± 38.30^b	90.16 ± 8.60^c	103.00 ± 3.82^b	127.48 ± 6.75^a	34.19 ± 16.39^d	91.18 ± 30.90^a	86.23 ± 41.30^a
Cd	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a	0.00 ± 0.00^a
Pb	82.40 ± 34.10^a	92.90 ± 25.70^a	100.80 ± 13.90^a	107.48 ± 9.20^a	77.72 ± 45.10^b	64.59 ± 18.60^bc	83.40 ± 34.40^a	91.90 ± 25.60^a
Major
Ca	575.87 ± 102.70^a	547.63 ± 119.60^a	618.25 ± 74.75^a	624.42 ± 70.49^a	545.62 ± 115.61^a	458.73 ± 98.90^b	566.16 ± 291.10^a	557.34 ± 107.60^a
K	4,477.31 ± 911.50^a	4,758.19 ± 995.10^a	5,426.25 ± 278.89^a	5,329.26 ± 259.60^a	4,132.26 ± 851.10^b	3,583.23 ± 552.16^b	4,739.30 ± 1025.40^a	4,496.20 ± 883.20^a
Mg	960.68 ± 134.50^a	908.76 ± 116.70^a	901.16 ± 34.08^a	927.02 ± 34.47^a	943.20 ± 131.22^a	967.50 ± 220.93ª	948.56 ± 142.00^a	920.88 ± 112.10^a
Na	1,286.19 ± 298.90^a	1,435.95 ± 614.80^a	1,347.97 ± 731.79^a	1,603.20 ± 207.05^a	1,502.88 ± 442.31^a	990.23 ± 77.06^b	1215.70 ± 487.80^a	1,506.44 ± 443.10^a
Essential
Cu	3.18 ± 0.90^b	4.41 ± 2.40^a	4.00 ± 0.00^a	3.99 ± 0.07^a	4.82 ± 3.50^a	2.37 ± 0.70^b	4.18 ± 2.40^a	3.41 ± 1.20^a
Fe	26.16 ± 11.20^a	39.29 ± 27.10^a	27.08 ± 4.40^a	20.98 ± 3.10^a	46.91 ± 38.30^a	35.94 ± 10.10ª	34.45 ± 28.50^a	31.00 ± 11.50^a
Mn	6.69 ± 1.60^a	6.78 ± 1.90^a	6.58 ± 0.90^a	5.99 ± 0.01^a	7.32 ± 2.70^a	7.07 ± 2.00^a	6.74 ± 2.10^a	6.74 ± 1.40^a
Se	84.92 ± 40.50^a	94.89 ± 37.90^a	94.55 ± 16.40^a	112.80 ± 11.60^a	109.95 ± 13.40^a	42.31 ± 49.60^b	80.82 ± 38.80^a	98.99 ± 38.00^a
Zn	8.65 ± 2.17^b	151.07 ± 36.70^a	178.75 ± 51.89^a	9.90 ± 1.20^a	123.90 ± 51.89^a	6.91 ± 2.90ª	127.03 ± 36.70^a	32.70 ± 36.70^a

[1] † First author

Brasil

Brasil

Authenticity markers in habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense) by the quantification of mineral multielements through ICP-spectroscopy

Abstract