Optimization of bioactive peptides production in multigrain flakes and their antioxidative and inflammatory activity

TEHSEEN, Amber; AHMAD, Nazir; NISA, Mahr Un; SAEED, Farhan

doi:10.1590/fst.40722

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Food Science and Technology

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Original Article • Food Sci. Technol 42 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.40722 copy

Optimization of bioactive peptides production in multigrain flakes and their antioxidative and inflammatory activity

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective of this study was to optimize the extrusion processing for production of maximum peptides spectra in multigrain flakes. The results showed that maximum peptides spectra were produced at extrusion condition of 160 °C temperature and 100 rpm screw speed and minimum peptides spectra were observed at 120 °C temperature and 300 rpm. Among proximal composition, highest changes were observed in fat content and thus, significantly affected the atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices of products. The products with higher peptides spectra (16) showed higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (48.63%), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (48.63 ± 4.81 mmol Fe+2/g protein) and superoxide radical-scavenging activity (SRSA) (39.05 ± 4.51%). Similarly, higher peptides spectra product showed higher angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) (86.01 ± 5.22%) inhibition and inhibition of protein denaturation (IP) (38.12 ± 2.89%). Thus optimization of extrusion process for bioactive peptides can be used for production of biological active products and healthily production system.

Keywords:
extruded products; optimization; bioactive peptides; antioxidants; anti-inflammatory properties

Sr #	Temperature (^ᴏC)	Moisture (%)	Screw speed (rpm)	Feed flow rate (kg/hr)
1	140	15	100	15
2	120	10	200	25
3	140	10	200	15
4	160	15	200	35
5	160	15	300	25
6	120	15	100	25
7	140	15	200	25
8	140	15	300	15
9	140	15	100	35
10	160	10	200	25
11	160	15	200	15
12	140	10	200	35
13	160	20	200	25
14	120	15	200	35
15	140	15	200	25
16	140	20	200	35
17	140	15	200	25
18	140	20	300	25
19	140	15	200	25
20	140	10	100	25
21	120	15	300	25
22	140	10	300	25
23	140	15	300	35
24	140	20	200	15
25	120	15	200	15
26	140	15	200	25
27	160	15	100	25
28	120	20	200	25
29	140	20	100	25

	Independent variables				Dependent variables
Sr #	Temperature (°C)	Moisture (%)	Screw speed (rpm)	Feed flow rate (kg/hr)	Protein (%)	Fat (%)	Dietary Fiber %	Ash (%)	Moisture (%)
1	140	15	100	15	15.20 ± 1.16^c	6.73 ± 0.13^f	12.90 ± 0.83^bc	1.38 ± 0.02^b	11.53 ± 0.30^ab
2	120	10	200	25	15.43 ± 1.17^ab	7.60 ± 0.15^b	14.50 ± 1.24^a	1.10 ± 0.06^c	11.70 ± 0.41a
3	140	10	200	15	15.28 ± 1.10^b	6.90 ± 0.12^e	12.95 ± 1.14^bc	1.42 ± 0.09^b	11.50 ± 0.18^ab
4	160	15	200	35	14.76 ± 1.11^b	6.20 ± 0.20^h	12.65 ± 1.31^c	1.65 ± 0.04^a	11.33 ± 0.19^c
5	160	15	300	25	15.06 ± 1.10^d	6.43 ± 0.09^g	12.55 ± 1.27^c	1.55 ± 0.05^ab	11.23 ± 0.22^cd
6	120	15	100	25	15.49 ± 1.29^a	7.45 ± 0.16^c	14.40 ± 1.13^a	1.18 ± 0.03^c	11.73 ± 0.28^a
7	140	15	200	25	15.30 ± 1.12^b	6.93 ± 0.15^e	12.99 ± 1.16^bc	1.40 ± 0.01^b	11.55 ± 0.40^ab
8	140	15	300	15	15.25 ± 1.18^bc	7.20 ± 0.13^d	12.92 ± 1.22^bc	1.41 ± 0.02^b	11.52 ± 0.15^ab
9	140	15	100	35	15.14 ± 1.17^cd	6.70 ± 0.10^f	12.84 ± 1.19^bc	1.39 ± 0.08^b	11.51 ± 0.20^ab
10	160	10	200	25	14.80 ± 1.15^e	6.16 ± 0.18^h	12.60 ± 1.29^c	1.63 ± 0.03^a	11.30 ± 0.23^c
11	160	15	200	15	14.79 ± 1.19^e	6.19 ± 0.23^h	12.52 ± 1.32^c	1.67 ± 0.04a	11.45 ± 0.17^b
12	140	10	200	35	15.35 ± 1.10^ab	6.91 ± 0.12^e	13.03 ± 1.15^bc	1.40 ± 0.07^b	11.56 ± 0.29^ab
13	160	20	200	25	14.71 ± 1.26^e	6.23 ± 0.10^h	12.56 ± 1.11^c	1.68 ± 0.11^a	11.28 ± 0.14^c
14	120	15	200	35	15.41 ± 1.19^ab	7.62 ± 0.09^b	14.45 ± 1.25^a	1.16 ± 0.05^c	11.75 ± 0.11^a
15	140	15	200	25	15.29 ± 1.16^b	6.92 ± 0.20^e	13.10 ± 1.19^b	1.39 ± 0.06^b	11.49 ± 0.13^b
16	140	20	200	35	15.28 ± 1.14^b	6.94 ± 0.8b^e	12.88 ± 1.35^bc	1.42 ± 0.08^b	11.42 ± 0.24^b
17	140	15	200	25	15.23 ± 1.13^bc	6.89 ± 0.16^e	13.01 ± 1.29^bc	1.45 ± 0.02^b	11.40 ± 0.28^b
18	140	20	300	25	15.22 ± 1.22^bc	7.22 ± 0.13^d	12.94 ± 1.21^bc	1.43 ± 0.09^b	11.38 ± 0.09^bc
19	140	15	200	25	15.27 ± 1.18^b	6.79 ± 0.18^ef	13.05 ± 1.19^bc	1.37 ± 0.06^bc	11.54 ± 0.35^ab
20	140	10	100	25	15.39 ± 1.20^ab	6.67 ± 0.15^f	12.91 ± 1.22^bc	1.38 ± 0.03^b	11.34 ± 0.24^bc
21	120	15	300	25	15.55 ± 1.23^a	7.80 ± 0.25^a	14.54 ± 1.13^a	1.12 ± 0.07^c	11.77 ± 0.40^a
22	140	10	300	25	15.21 ± 1.15^bc	7.18 ± 0.10^d	13.01 ± 1.15^bc	1.31 ± 0.02^bc	11.25 ± 0.16^cd
23	140	15	300	35	15.33 ± 1.19^ab	7.21 ± 0.20^d	12.98 ± 1.09^bc	1.30 ± 0.05^bc	11.26 ± 0.13^cd
24	140	20	200	15	15.23 ± 1.21^bc	6.84 ± 0.23^ef	13.15 ± 1.29^b	1.41 ± 0.05^b	11.24 ± 0.30^cd
25	120	15	200	15	15.46 ± 1.22^a	7.63 ± 0.51^b	14.43 ± 1.11^a	1.18 ± 0.07^c	11.68 ± 0.18^a
26	140	15	200	25	15.15 ± 1.09^b	6.85 ± 0.11^ef	13.18 ± 1.10^b	1.44 ± 0.04^b	11.22 ± 0.25^cd
27	160	15	100	25	14.43 ± 1.17^f	5.91 ± 0.16ⁱ	12.62 ± 1.20^c	1.60 ± 0.06^a	11.20 ± 0.22^cd
28	120	20	200	25	15.40 ± 1.16^ab	7.65 ± 0.13^b	14.42 ± 1.26^a	1.22 ± 0.02^c	11.72 ± 0.18^a
29	140	20	100	25	15.31 ± 1.24^b	6.71 ± 0.21^f	13.19 ± 1.20^b	1.38 ± 0.10^b	11.18 ± 0.30^d

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E-mail: revista@sbcta.org.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: drnazirahmad@gcuf.edu.pk

Sr #	Temperature (^ᴏC)	Moisture (%)	Screw speed (rpm)	Feed flow rate (kg/hr)
1	140	15	100	15
2	120	10	200	25
3	140	10	200	15
4	160	15	200	35
5	160	15	300	25
6	120	15	100	25
7	140	15	200	25
8	140	15	300	15
9	140	15	100	35
10	160	10	200	25
11	160	15	200	15
12	140	10	200	35
13	160	20	200	25
14	120	15	200	35
15	140	15	200	25
16	140	20	200	35
17	140	15	200	25
18	140	20	300	25
19	140	15	200	25
20	140	10	100	25
21	120	15	300	25
22	140	10	300	25
23	140	15	300	35
24	140	20	200	15
25	120	15	200	15
26	140	15	200	25
27	160	15	100	25
28	120	20	200	25
29	140	20	100	25

Sr #	Temperature (^ᴏC)	Moisture (%)	Screw speed (rpm)	Feed flow rate (kg/hr)
1	140	15	100	15
2	120	10	200	25
3	140	10	200	15
4	160	15	200	35
5	160	15	300	25
6	120	15	100	25
7	140	15	200	25
8	140	15	300	15
9	140	15	100	35
10	160	10	200	25
11	160	15	200	15
12	140	10	200	35
13	160	20	200	25
14	120	15	200	35
15	140	15	200	25
16	140	20	200	35
17	140	15	200	25
18	140	20	300	25
19	140	15	200	25
20	140	10	100	25
21	120	15	300	25
22	140	10	300	25
23	140	15	300	35
24	140	20	200	15
25	120	15	200	15
26	140	15	200	25
27	160	15	100	25
28	120	20	200	25
29	140	20	100	25

Sr #	Temperature (^ᴏC)	Moisture (%)	Screw speed (rpm)	Feed flow rate (kg/hr)
1	140	15	100	15
2	120	10	200	25
3	140	10	200	15
4	160	15	200	35
5	160	15	300	25
6	120	15	100	25
7	140	15	200	25
8	140	15	300	15
9	140	15	100	35
10	160	10	200	25
11	160	15	200	15
12	140	10	200	35
13	160	20	200	25
14	120	15	200	35
15	140	15	200	25
16	140	20	200	35
17	140	15	200	25
18	140	20	300	25
19	140	15	200	25
20	140	10	100	25
21	120	15	300	25
22	140	10	300	25
23	140	15	300	35
24	140	20	200	15
25	120	15	200	15
26	140	15	200	25
27	160	15	100	25
28	120	20	200	25
29	140	20	100	25