Effect of providing purple sweet potato water extract on tumor necrosis factor-α levels, protein 53 expression, glial fibrillary acidic protein expression, brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, and spatial working memory in rats with d-galactose induction

Widyastuti, Ketut; Mahadewa, Tjokorda Gde Bagus; Suprapta, Dewa Ngurah; Sudewi, Anak Agung Raka

doi:10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2021-0090

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Dementia & Neuropsychologia

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Original Article • Dement. neuropsychol. 16 (2) • June 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2021-0090 copy

Effect of providing purple sweet potato water extract on tumor necrosis factor-α levels, protein 53 expression, glial fibrillary acidic protein expression, brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, and spatial working memory in rats with d-galactose induction

EFEITO DO EXTRATO DE ÁGUA DE BATATA DOCE ROXO NO FATOR DE NECROSE TUMORAL NÍVEIS ALFA, NA EXPRESSÃO DA PROTEÍNA 53, NA EXPRESSÃO DE PROTEÍNA ÁCIDA FIBRILAR GLIAL, NOS NÍVEIS DE FATOR NEUROTRÓFICO CEREBRAL E NA MEMÓRIA ESPACIAL EM RATOS COM INDUÇÃO DE D-GALACTOSE

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT.

Alzheimer's dementia (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease. The mechanism of oxidative stress in AD is due to amyloid beta (Aβ) protein that aggregates to form plaques, which further triggers chronic inflammation and neuronal apoptosis. Purple sweet potato extract with the main content of anthocyanins is a potential antioxidant with a direct target on the amyloid cascade hypothesis.

Objective:

The research objective was to determine the role of purple sweet potato water extract as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory in preventing apoptosis in order to provide a neuroprotective effect in d-galactose-induced rats.

Methods:

A total of 100 male Wistar rats with randomized posttest-only control group design that met the eligibility criteria were included in this study. The treatment group was given 200 mg/kg BW/day of purple sweet potato water extract on days 1–70. d-galactose induction was administered in the treatment and control groups on days 15–70.

Results:

The independent t-test showed that the mean tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in the treatment group (735.36±139.74) was significantly lower than that in the control group (896.77±152.52). The p53 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expressions of astrocyte cells in the treatment group were significantly lower than that in the control group. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the treatment group (498.13±121.47) were higher than that in the control (391.93±140.28), and there was a significant increase in spatial working memory in the treatment group (72.01±10.22) than the control (59.77±11.87).

Conclusions:

The neuroprotective effect of purple sweet potato extract is due to d-galactose induction resulting from decrease in TNF-α levels, p53 expression, and GFAP expression and increase in BDNF levels and spatial working memory.

Keywords:
Galactose; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Genes, p53; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Spatial Memory

	Levels of brain tissue (pg/mg)					95%CI (min–max)	p-value^* * Student's t-test;
	Groups	n	Mean±SD	Range (min–max)	Mean differences	95%CI (min–max)	p-value^* * Student's t-test;
TNF-α levels	Control	50	896.77±152.52	665.53–1248.68	161.4	55.79–267.02	0.004^† † significant.
TNF-α levels	Treatment	50	735.36±139.74	436.39–966.57	161.4	55.79–267.02	0.004^† † significant.
p53 expression	Control	50	9.97±2.09	5.29–13.83	3.28	1.88–4.68	<0.001^† † significant.
p53 expression	Treatment	50	6.68±1.76	4.36–9.28	3.28	1.88–4.68	<0.001^† † significant.
GFAP	Control	50	33.92±4.23	24.70–39.43	8.63	5.79–11.46	<0.001^† † significant.
GFAP	Treatment	50	25.29±13.57	20.09–30.65	8.63	5.79–11.46	<0.001^† † significant.
BDNF	Control	50	391.93±140.28	128.02–583.64	106.20	11.46–200.94	0.029^† † significant.
BDNF	Treatment	50	498.13±121.47	321.90–845.79	106.20	11.46–200.94	0.029^† † significant.

Memory spatial						95%CI (min–max)	p-value^* * Student's t-test;
Groups		n	Mean±SD	Range (min–max)	Mean differences	95%CI (min–max)	p-value^* * Student's t-test;
Pretest	Control	50	67.14±12.34	40–81.82	85.16	-3.96 to 14.29	0.257
Pretest	Treatment	50	61.98±12.93	37.5–83.33	85.16	-3.96 to 14.29	0.257
Posttest	Control	50	33.92±4.23	24.70–39.43	12.24	4.24 to 20.24	0.004^† † Significant.

	Effect
	Direct		Indirect		Total
	β	p-value^* * Student's t-test;	β	p-value^* * Student's t-test;	β	p-value^* * Student's t-test;
Purple potato on p53	-0.659	<0.001^† † significant; β=standardized coefficient.	–	–	-0.659	<0.001^† † significant; β=standardized coefficient.
Purple potato on TNF-α	-0.495	<0.001^† † significant; β=standardized coefficient.	–	–	-0.495	<0.001^† † significant; β=standardized coefficient.
Purple potato on GFAP	-0.754	<0.001^† † significant; β=standardized coefficient.	–	–	-0.754	<0.001^† † significant; β=standardized coefficient.
Purple potato on BDNF	–	–	0.355	0.013^† † significant; β=standardized coefficient.	0.355	0.013^† † significant; β=standardized coefficient.
Purple potato on memory	–	–	0.400	0.004^† † significant; β=standardized coefficient.	0.400	0.004^† † significant; β=standardized coefficient.
P53 on BDNF	-0.113	0.522	–	–	-0.113	0.522
P53 on memory	-0.232	0.188	-0.013	0.645	-0.246	0.171
TNF-α on BDNF	0.173	0.295	–	–	0.173	0.295
TNF-α on memory	-0.235	0.158	0.020	0.573	-0.215	0.202
GFAP on memory	-0.488	0.003^† † significant; β=standardized coefficient.	–	–	-0.488	0.003^† † significant; β=standardized coefficient.
GFAP on BDNF	-0.117	0.556	-0.058	0.516	-0.175	0.334
BDNF on memory	0.119	0.501	–	–	0.119	0.501

Academia Brasileira de Neurologia, Departamento de Neurologia Cognitiva e Envelhecimento R. Vergueiro, 1353 sl.1404 - Ed. Top Towers Offices, Torre Norte, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, CEP 04101-000, Tel.: +55 11 5084-9463 | +55 11 5083-3876 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistadementia@abneuro.org.br | demneuropsy@uol.com.br

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[1] Correspondence: Ketut Widyastuti; Email: kt_widyastuti@unud.ac.id.