INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT THERMAL ENVIRONMENTS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF LAYING HENS DURING THE INITIAL STAGE OF REARING

Andrade, Rafaella R.; Tinôco, Ilda de F. F.; Baêta, Fernando da C.; Albino, Luiz F. T.; Cecon, Paulo R.

doi:10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v39n1p32-40/2019

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Scientific Paper, Agricultural Building and Environment • Eng. agríc. (Online) 39 (1) • Jan-Feb 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v39n1p32-40/2019 copy

INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT THERMAL ENVIRONMENTS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF LAYING HENS DURING THE INITIAL STAGE OF REARING

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted with the aim of assessing the effects of different ambient temperature values on the performance of laying birds from one to 42 days of age in order to obtain optimal comfort temperatures. A total of 864 laying hens were distributed in four climatic chambers with different temperature ranges. One of the chambers was maintained within the thermal range recommended by the literature and the others were maintained under temperatures that consisted of mild and moderate cold stress and moderate heat stress. The experiment was conducted according to a completely randomized design in a split-plot arrangement and six replications. The data were analyzed by means of the analysis of variance and regression. The final performance of birds with temperatures of 33, 28, 26, 23, 19, and 19 °C (for the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth week of age, respectively) presented better productive results, confirming the assertiveness regarding the best thermal comfort and welfare of laying birds during the rearing stage. The results showed that under conditions of cold thermal stress, birds presented a worse performance, thus affecting their development and productive efficiency.

KEYWORDS
ambience; zootechnical performance; cold stress; light laying hens; thermoneutrality

Treatments	Temperature (°C)
Treatments	1^st week	2^nd week	3^rd week	4^th week	5^th and 6^th weeks
Moderate heat (MoH)	38	31	29	26	22
Recommended comfort (ReC)	33	28	26	23	19
Mild cold (MiC)	28	25	23	20	17
Moderate cold (MoC)	25	22	20	17^* * There was the need to work with a minimum temperature obtained in the chambers of 17 °C.	17^* * There was the need to work with a minimum temperature obtained in the chambers of 17 °C.

Thermal environment	T_air(°C)	RH (%)	BGHI
		First week
Moderate heat (MoH)	37.9 ± 0.2	55.5 ± 2.4	89.0 ± 1.5
Recommended comfort (ReC)	33.0± 0.4	56.5 ± 1.2	82.7 ±1.3
Mild cold (MiC)	28.0 ± 0.3	62.4 ± 2.5	76.3 ± 0.5
Moderate cold (MoC)	25.0 ± 0.2	61.6 ± 1.5	72.3 ± 0.5
		Second week
Moderate heat (MoH)	31.1 ± 0.5	60.1 ± 2.0	80.7 ± 0.6
Recommended comfort (ReC)	28.2 ± 0.5	62.6 ± 2.4	76.9 ± 0.8
Mild cold (MiC)	25.1 ± 0.6	63.1 ± 1.5	71.8 ± 1.4
Moderate cold (MoC)	22.1 ± 0.6	62.9 ± 2.0	69.1 ± 1.2
		Third week
Moderate heat (MoH)	29.1 ± 0.4	61.1 ± 2.2	76.9 ± 1.1
Recommended comfort (ReC)	26.0 ± 0.5	60.4 ± 2.4	72.4 ± 0.9
Mild cold (MiC)	23.1 ±0.5	60.9 ± 0.2	70.9 ± 1.4
Moderate cold (MoC)	20.1± 0.2	64.1 ± 0.8	66.3± 1.1
		Fourth week
Moderate heat (MoH)	26.0 ± 0.6	62.3 ± 0.5	73.8± 1.0
Recommended comfort (ReC)	23.1± 0.7	62.8 ± 0.7	70.7± 1.2
Mild cold (MiC)	20.1 ± 0.5	60.3 ±0.2	66.3± 0.8
Moderate cold (MoC)	17.0 ± 0.5	64.6 ± 0.5	63.6 ± 0.6
		Fifth and sixth weeks
Moderate heat (MoH)	22.1 ± 0.4	64.6 ± 0.2	70.2 ± 2.4
Recommended comfort (ReC)	19.2 ± 0.5	62.7 ± 1.2	66.4 ± 1.3
Mild cold (MiC)	17.0 ± 0.2	64.5 ± 0.5	63.8 ± 0.2
Moderate cold (MoC)	17.0 ± 0.2	64.2 ± 1.3	63.6 ± 0.2

Bird age	BW
Bird age	MoH	ReC	MiC	MoC
1	43.23^a	42.34^a	39.68^a	40.88^a
8	66.41^a	67.68^a	64.58^a	64.30^a
15	106.93^a	114.11^a	111.61^a	107.61^a
22	179.44^a	185.75^a	170.44^a	164.80^a
29	265.93^a	254.50^a	239.64^a	240.55^a
36	331.72^a	348.22^a	320.06^a	324.70^a
42	410.72^a	430.42^a	409.44^a	411.68^a

Thermal environment	Adjusted equations	r²
MoH	$Ŷ = - 12.1471 + 9. 6092 ** D$	0.9821
ReC	$Ŷ = - 15.2720 + 9.9997 ** D$	0.9793
MiC	$Ŷ = - 13.7258 + 9.3649 ** D$	0.9769
MoC	$Ŷ = - 16.0789 + 9.4652 ** D$	0.9726

Bird age	FI
Bird age	MoH	ReC	MiC	MoC
8	73.78^a	76.43^a	79.01^a	75.20^a
15	140.83^a	147.85^a	149.03^a	159.30^a
22	134.96^a	146.71^a	142.78^a	150.28^a
29	171.86^a	178.17^a	172.81^a	196.86^a
36	288.22^b	266.94^b	275.94^b	304.42^a
42	281.70^a	277.66^a	284.0^a	293.38^a

Thermal environment	Adjusted equations	r²
MoH	$Ŷ = 21.4136 + 6.3347 ** D$	0.8943
ReC	$Ŷ = 35.0098 + 5.8138 ** D$	0.9296
MiC	$Ŷ = 32.3925 + 5.9817 ** D$	0.9058
MoC	$Ŷ = 30.1692 + 6.5686 ** D$	0.9047

	Productive performance at 42 days of age
Thermal environment	BW (g bird⁻¹)	FI (g)	WG (g bird⁻¹)	FC	U (%)
MoH	410.72 ± 4.8	1091.35	367.48	2.96	81.47
ReC	430.42 ± 3.8	1093.68	388.08	2.82	80.54
MiC	409.44 ± 5.2	1104.18	369.76	2.98	74.07
MoC	411.68 ± 5.4	1179.46	370.79	3.18	58.33

Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola SBEA - Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Exatas FCAV/UNESP, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 5, 14884.900 | Jaboticabal - SP, Tel./Fax: +55 16 3209 7619 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistasbea@sbea.org.br

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[1] *Corresponding author. Federal University of Viçosa/ Viçosa - MG, Brazil. E-mail: rafaella_resende2@hotmail.com