MODELING OF CUTTING FORCE FOR PALM OIL FRONDS

Qun, Sun; Ripin, Zaidi M.

doi:10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v43n4e20230081/2023

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Scientific Paper • Eng. agríc. 43 (4) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v43n4e20230081/2023 copy

MODELING OF CUTTING FORCE FOR PALM OIL FRONDS

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Cutting oil palm fronds is an important activity in the harvesting and upkeep of this tree, and this is currently done manually, meaning that it is subject to uncertain labor supplies and low efficiency. Manual cutting is primarily done with a harvesting knife, using a linear motion. Mechanization of this action has been achieved based on an oscillating cutting motion, which is prone to high levels of vibration and inefficiency due to the accelerating and decelerating motion of the oscillating mass. There is therefore a need for a technique based on a circular cutting motion, in order to reduce the power consumption of the mechanized cutter, but there is a lack of in-depth research on the mechanics of the cutting force for palm oil fronds using a circular saw. In this study, we explore the effects of the feed rate, rotation speed, frond width, and entrance angle on the cutting force when using a circular saw, and an equation relating these parameters is derived to calculate the cutting force based on experimental results. No significant difference is found between cutting force models for oil palm fronds (0.92 < R² < 0.99, P < 0.05) under different cutting conditions.

oil palm fronds; cutting force model; cutting strategy

Diameter (mm)	Thickness (mm)	Root circle (mm)	Rake angle (°)	Addendum angle (°)	Material
250	2	1.6	0	0	65Mn

Parameter	Symbol	Value
Rotation speed (rpm)	y	1000	1500	2000	2500
Feed rate (mm/s)	n	3	6	9	12
Entrance angle (°)	a	0	5	10	15
Maximum width (mm)	h	105	124	142	-

Size	Average width (mm)	Average angle (°)	Average fillet (mm)	Average area (mm²)
Moderate	103	39	13	2111.4

Rotation speed (rpm)	Feed rate (mm/s)	Entrance angle (°)

		0°	5°	10°	15°
1000	3	17.74	19.04	20.97	21.23
	6	20.36	21.85	22.89	25.01
	9	24.67	25.76	26.87	27.98
	12	26.75	28.02	29.36	30.09
1500	3	13.07	14.48	15.54	17.76
	6	16.11	17.23	18.67	19.69
	9	20.56	21.25	22.24	23.45
	12	23.78	24.23	25.67	26.98
2000	3	10.56	11.22	12.90	14.29
3	6	12.97	14.43	15.94	17.73
	9	14.99	16.24	17.45	18.98
	12	17.88	19.34	20.21	21.12
2500	3	8.21	9.81	11.23	12.04
	6	11.01	12.32	13.45	15.79
	9	13.23	14.56	15.55	17.98
	12	15.23	16.38	18.29	21.59

Size	Average width (mm)	Average angle (°)	Average fillet (mm)	Average area (mm²)
Larger size	124	41	14	3299.3

Rotation speed (rpm)	Feed rate (mm/s)	Entrance angle (°)

		0°	5°	10°	15°
1000	3	24.54	25.47	25.87	26.23
	6	29.36	28.92	30.14	30.01
	9	32.67	33.42	35.23	33.98
	12	35.35	37.62	37.66	38.45
1500	3	19.20	21.23	22.32	22.89
	6	23.43	24.84	25.24	26.69
	9	26.73	28.35	30.58	33.50
	12	30.46	33.96	35.09	36.23
2000	3	15.12	16.34	17.56	19.21
3	6	17.92	18.22	20.72	22.34
	9	22.34	23.45	24.39	27.64
	12	27.99	28.22	30.20	32.97
2500	3	13.84	14.31	15.26	16.84
	6	16.31	17.12	18.23	19.37
	9	20.72	21.08	23.45	28.60
	12	25.87	26.73	28.24	29.52

Size	Average width (mm)	Average angle (°)	Average fillet (mm)	Average area (mm²)
Very large	143	43	16	4388.9

Rotation speed (rpm)	Feed rate (mm/s)	Entrance angle (°)

		0°	5°	10°	15°
1000	3	33.42	33.78	36.87	38.48
	6	36.34	39.63	42.23	42.67
	9	41.21	43.23	44.20	45.48
	12	46.56	48.34	50.53	52.45
1500	3	27.26	29.81	32.13	34.27
	6	28.71	33.30	37.46	38.52
	9	36.45	37.17	40.98	43.77
	12	40.50	43.25	43.11	44.23
2000	3	23.17	25.11	28.04	29.69
3	6	27.99	29.72	29.42	32.18
	9	30.68	34.74	35.34	37.63
	12	35.90	38.27	40.71	41.32
2500	3	21.64	24.12	25.88	26.46
	6	26.26	28.55	28.31	29.89
	9	28.65	31.74	33.69	35.07
	12	33.34	36.30	37.01	38.24

Source	bj	P	Assessment
Rotation speed (A)	−0.012	<0.05	Significant
Feed rate (B)	−0.041	>0.05	Significant
Maximum width (C)	−0.758	<0.001	Significant
Entrance angle (D)	−0.057	<0.05	Not significant
AB	<0.001	<0.001	Significant
AC	<0.001	<0.05	Significant
AD	<0.001	<0.05	Significant
BC	0.01032	<0.001	Significant
BD	0.002	>0.05	Not significant
CD	0.003	<0.001	Significant
A²	<0.001	<0.05	Significant
B²	0.0175	>0.05	Not significant
C²	0.0047	<0.001	Significant
D²	-0.0067	<0.05	Not significant
K	56.42	—	—
R²	0.987

Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola SBEA - Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Exatas FCAV/UNESP, Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 5, 14884.900 | Jaboticabal - SP, Tel./Fax: +55 16 3209 7619 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistasbea@sbea.org.br

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[1] *Corresponding author. School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia. E-mail: mezaidi@usm.my