Sexual violence against women: an analysis of notifications in Espírito Santo, Brazil

Leite, Franciéle Marabotti Costa; Pedroso, Márcia Regina de Oliveira; Fiorotti, Karina Fardin; Ferrari, Beatriz; Paulucio, Milene Diniz; Entringer, Alexsandra Martins; Pampolim, Gracielle

doi:10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2022-0288en

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RESEARCH • Esc. Anna. Nery 27 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2022-0288en copy

Sexual violence against women: an analysis of notifications in Espírito Santo, Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

To estimate the frequency and factors associated with sexual violence against women in Espírito Santo.

Methods

Cross-sectional study based on data reported between 2011 and 2018 in the Notifiable Diseases Information System. Multivariate analysis was conducted using Poisson regression, with robust variance.

Results

The frequency of sexual violence was 15.6%, being the prevalence higher among children; people without disabilities and/or disorders; urban areas residents; with a sole, male, unknown aggressor and without suspicion of alcohol use. The residence was the place with the highest occurrence and the character of repetition was present.

Conclusion and implications for practice

Sexual violence against women was highly prevalent in the state. The results reinforce the association of this condition with the characteristics of the victim, the aggressor and the event, evidencing the vulnerability of children and the domestic space as a scenario of high frequency of this harm.

Keywords:
Sex Offenses; Notificatio; Women’s Health; Violence; Violence Against Women

Variables	N	%
Age group
0 to 9 years	948	23.5
10 to 19 years	1769	43.9
20 to 59 years	1282	31. 8
60 years or more	34	0.8
Race/Color
White	1036	28.8
Black/Brown	2558	71.2
Disabilities/Disorders
No	3357	90.6
Yes	350	9.4
Area of residence
Urban/Peri-urban	3641	91.9
Rural	320	8.1
Aggressor’s age group
0 to 19 years	418	19.6
20 to59 years	1628	76.5
60 years or more	83	3.9
Aggressor’s gender
Male	3695	96.5
Female	74	1.9
Both	59	1.5
Link with the victim
Familiar	1408	37.5
Known	1377	36.7
Unknown	972	25.9
Suspicion of alcohol use
No	1370	62.4
Yes	827	37.6
Number of people involved
One	3242	87.2
Two or more	477	12.8
Place of occurrence
Residence	2511	71.0
Public place	590	16.7
Others	433	12.3
Repeat violence
No	1736	53.2
Yes	1528	46.8
Referral
No	291	7.3
Yes	3702	92.7

Variables	N	%	CI 95%	p-value
Age group
0 to 9 years	948	54.1	51.8-56.5	<0.001
10 to 19 years	1769	29.3	28.1-30.4
20 to 59 years	1282	7.6	7.2-8.0
60 years or more	34	2.9	2.1-4.0
Race/Color
White	1036	14.8	14.0-15.6	0.001
Black/Brown	2558	16.6	16.0-17.2
Disabilities/Disorders
No	3357	18.0	17.4-18.5	<0.001
Yes	350	11.1	10.1-12.2
Area of residence
Urban/Peri-urban	3641	15.8	15.3-16.3	0.051
Rural	320	14.2	12.8-15.7
Aggressor’s age group
0 to 19 years	418	13.3	12.2-14.6	0.001
20 to59 years	1628	12.0	11.5-12.6
60 years or more	83	17.2	14.0-2.8
Aggressor’s gender
Male	3695	25.6	24.9-26.3	<0.001
Female	74	0.8	0.7-1.1
Both	59	7.6	5.9-9.6
Link with the victim
Familiar	1408	12.1	11.5-12.7	<0.001
Known	1377	35.0	33.5-36.5
Unknown	972	45.7	43.6-47.8
Suspicion of alcohol use
No	1370	13.4	12.7-14.1	0.167
Yes	827	12.6	11.9-13.5
Number of people involved
One	3242	15.3	14.8-15.7	0.131
Two or more	477	16.3	15,0-17.7
Place of occurrence
Residence	2511	14.5	13.9-15.0	<0.001
Public place	590	17.7	16.4-19.0
Others	433	20.1	18.5-21.9
Repeat violence
No	1736	20.4	19.5-21.2	<0.001
Yes	1528	13.2	12.6-13.8
Referral
No	291	7.3	6.5-8.2	<0.001
Yes	3702	17.4	16.9-18.0

Variables	Raw analysis			Adjusted analysis
Variables	PR	CI 95%	p-value	PR	CI 95%	p-value
Age group
0 to 9 years	18.77	13.44-26.22	<0.001	16.29	11.48-23.12	<0.001
10 to 19 years	10.14	7.27-14.16		9.70	6.84-13.75
20 to 59 years	2.64	1.89-3.69		2.52	1.77-3.58
60 years or more	1.0			1.0
Race/Color
White	1.0		0.001	1.0		0.455
Black/Brown	1.12	1.05-1.20		1.03	0.96-1.09
Disabilities/Disorders
No	1.63	1.47-1.80	<0.001	1.22	1.10-1.35	<0.001
Yes	1.0			1.0
Area of residence
Urban/Peri-urban	1.11	0.99-1.23	0.053	1.12	1.01-1.24	0.035
Rural	1.0			1.0
Aggressor’s age group
0 to 19 years	1.11	1.01-1.23	0.001	0.97	0.87-1.09	0.622
20 to59 years	1.0			1.0
60 years or more	1.43	1.17-1.75		1.08	0.87-1.35
Aggressor’s gender
Male	30.67	24.40-38.55	<0.001	15.76	10.84-22.91	<0.001
Female	1.0			1.0
Both	9.05	6.48-12.64		4.62	2.71-7.88
Link with the victim
Familiar	1.0		<0.001	1.0		<0.001
Known	2.90	2.71-3.09		3.19	2.90-3.52
Unknown	3.79	3.54-4.05		6.31	5.62-7.08
Suspicion of alcohol use
No	1.06	0.98-1.15	0.168	1.13	1.04-1.22	0.003
Yes	1.0			1.0
Number of people involved
One	0.93	0.86-1.02	0.129	1.15	1.02-1.30	0.025
Two or more	1.0			1.0
Place of occurrence
Residence	0.82	0.75-0.89	<0.001	1.58	1.42-1.76	<0.001
Public place	1.0			1.0
Others	1.14	1.02-1.27		1.16	1.01-1.32
Repeat violence
No	1.0		<0.001	1.0		0.009
Yes	0.65	0.61-0.69		1.11	1.03-1.19

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[1] Autor correspondente: Franciéle Marabotti Costa Leite. E-mail: francielemarabotti@gmail.com