| Lin et al. 2011 2525. Lin KC, Wang TN, Wu CY, Chen CL, Chang KC, Lin YC, et al. Effects of home-based constraint-induced therapy versus dose-matched control intervention on functional outcomes and caregiver well-being in children with cerebral palsy. Res Dev Disabil. 2011;32(5):1483-91.
|
Hemiplegic or quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy (CP) |
Constraint-induced therapy (CIT) |
3.5-4 h a day, twice a week for 4 weeks |
Significant increase on manual grip control, unilateral / bilateral motor efficacy and unilateral hand function immediately after treatment and after 6 months follow-up. Decreased in the dysfunctional parent-child interaction immediately after CIT. |
One child failed to adhere to the requirement of restraint of the less affected hand and dropped out. |
| n = 22 |
| Ashburn et al. 2007 2626. Ashburn A, Fazakarley L, Ballinger C, Pickering R, McLellan LD, Fitton C. A randomised controlled trial of a home-based exercise programme to reduce risk of falling among people with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78(7):678-84.
|
Parkinson’s disease |
Exercise programme with six levels of exercise progression: muscle-strengthening, range of movement, balance training, walking and strategies for falls prevention. |
1h a day, daily for 6 weeks |
There was a lower rate on falls after 8 weeks and 6 months and lower rates of injurious falls needing medical attention at 6 months. There was a positive effect of exercises at 6 months on Functional Reach and quality of life. |
3 subjects were lost to follow-up at 8 weeks and a further 3 were lost to follow-up at 6 months. 64 of the 70 participants randomised to exercises had six treatment sessions, 5 had seven sessions and 1 had two sessions. |
| n = 70 |
| Baskett et al. 1999 2727. Baskett JJ, Broad JB, Reekie G, Hocking C, Green G. Shared responsibility for ongoing rehabilitation: a new approach to home-based therapy after stroke. Clin Rehabil. 1999;13(1):23-33.
|
Stroke |
Exercises programme and activities with functional approach that incorporate established goals for restoration, or improvement, of normal activities within the home and rehabilitation exercises requiring coordination, balance and a bilateral approach. |
Several times a day, during 3 months period. |
No statistical differences between the hospital therapy group and supervised home-based group in characteristics, or in any outcomes measured, except that the contact time period. |
In the six-week assessment, three subjects could not attend because of illness, one missed the appointment, and four withdrew. At the final assessment, three months after discharge, 44 were assessed, with four withdrawn and two too ill to attend. Those who withdrew did so from personal choice, or because they had moved away from the study catchment area. |
| n = 50 |
| Chaiyawat et al. 2012 2828. Chaiyawat P, Kulkantrakorn K, Sritipsukho P. Effectiveness of home rehabilitation for ischemic stroke. Neurol Int. 2009;1(1):e10.
|
Stroke |
Rehabilitation programme involved standard materials on a DVD of rehabilitation procedures for passive exercise, active exercise, resistance exercise, and activities of daily living (ADL). |
6 months |
Over 2 years, the functional capacity and incidence of depression were significantly improved. |
There were no serious adverse events. Compliance with the intervention, based on daily records, was 92-95%. |
| n = 30 |
| Adie et al. 2016 2929. Adie K, Schofield C, Berrow M, Wingham J, Humfryes J, Pritchard C, et al. Does the use of Nintendo Wii Sports(tm) improve arm function? Trial of Wii(tm) in stroke: a randomized controlled trial and economics analysis. Clin Rehabil. 2017;31(2):173-85.
|
Stroke |
Wii™ sports games vs tailored arm exercises |
45 minutes per day, for 6 weeks. |
No significant difference of affected arm function at six weeks follow-up and no significant difference in the occupational performance, quality of life or arm function at six months, between the two groups. |
Nine patients in the control group and six patients in the Wii group discontinued participation during treatment. Six patients in each group were lost to follow-up. |
| n = 235 |
| Barzel et al. 2015 3030. Barzel A, Liepert J, Haevernick K, Eisele M, Ketels G, Rijntjes M, et al. Comparison of two types of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in chronic stroke patients: a pilot study. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2009;27(6):673-80.
|
Stroke |
Home Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) |
2 h each weekday, for 20 days. (Total of 40 h) |
Home CIMT group improved movement quality more the standard therapy group. Both groups improved in motor function performance time. |
82 (96%) patients in the home CIMT group completed treatment and were assessed at 4 weeks. Nine adverse events (of which six were serious) were reported in the home CIMT group. However, none was deemed related to the study intervention. |
| n = 85 |
| Chan et al. 2015 3131. Chan BK, Ng SS, Ng GY. A home-based program of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and task-related trunk training improves trunk control in patients with stroke a randomized controlled clinical trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2015;29(1):70-9.
|
Stroke |
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) + Task Related Trunk Training (TRTT) vs placebo-TENS + TRTT |
5 sessions per week, for 6 weeks (total of 30 sessions) |
Both groups had significantly greater improvements in isometric peak trunk flexion torque and extension torque, lateral seated reaching distance to affected and unaffected side, and improve in trunk motor control after 3 weeks of training. The TENS + TRTT group had significantly greater and earlier improvement in its mean of trunk motor control. |
There were no serious adverse events. All the subjects completed at least 85% of the treatment protocol (≥26 hours of the training). |
| n = 37 |
| Chen et al. 2014 3232. Chen HC, Chen CL, Kang LJ, Wu CY, Chen FC, Hong WH. Improvement of upper extremity motor control and function after home-based constraint induced therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy: immediate and long-term effects. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014;95(8):1423-32.
|
Unilateral spastic CP |
Home Constraint-induced therapy (hCIT) vs traditional rehabilitation (TR) therapy |
3.5-4 hours/day, twice weekly, for 4 weeks |
The hCIT group showed a shorter reaction time and normalized movement time, smaller maximum grip aperture, and fewer normalized movement unit in the reach-to-grasp movements, and improved more in the main functional outcome measures at post-treatment and follow-up than the TR group. |
One child was unable to complete the follow-up, and two was excluded from the analysis because their motor ability was insufficient to complete the standardized study procedure. None drop-out was deemed related to the study intervention. |
| n = 45 |
| Hasset et al. 2011 3333. Hassett LM, Tate RL, Moseley AM, Gillett LE. Injury severity, age and pre-injury exercise history predict adherence to a home-based exercise programme in adults with traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2011;25(7-8):698-706.
|
Adults with traumatic brain injury |
Home exercise program which is in line with usual care. |
1-hour sessions per week for 12 weeks |
Greater injury severity, older age and a pre-injury exercise history of walking or jogging positively influenced exercise adherence. As a combined set the three predictor variables accurately classified 82% of participants as adherent or nonadherent and were able to explain 49% of the variance. |
The participants’ adherence to the study was 82%. None drop-out was related. |
| n = 30 |
| Hui-Chan et al. 2009 3434. Hui-Chan C, Ng SS, Mak MK. Effectiveness of a home-based rehabilitation programme on lower limb functions after stroke. Hong Kong Med J. 2009;15(3 Suppl 4):42-6.
|
Stroke |
TENS vs TENS + Task-related training (TRT) |
60 minutes or 2hour/day, 5days a week, for 4 week |
TENS with TRT was superior to the other interventions for improving motor functions, gait velocity, increase in ankle plantarflexion torque and distance covered during the 6-minute walk test and decrease in the Timed Up and Go score. |
92,7% of patients completed the treatment and were assessed at 2 and 4 weeks. 8 (7.3 %) subjects dropped out from the study. |
| n = 109 |
| Hoang et al. 2015 3535. Hoang P, Schoene D, Gandevia S, Smith S, Lord SR. Effects of a home-based step training programme on balance, stepping, cognition and functional performance in people with multiple sclerosis-a randomized controlled trial. Mult Scler. 2016;22(1):94-103.
|
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) |
Step training intervention |
At least two 30-minute training sessions per week, for 12 weeks. |
Significant increase on choice stepping reaction time, stroop stepping test time, tests of sway with eyes open, single and dual task gait speed, Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite and reduced of Nine Hole Peg Test (9-HPT) times. |
Five participants (18%) withdrew due to either family matters or a relapse of MS. |
| n = 28 |
| Ortiz-Rubio et al. 2016 3636. Ortiz-Rubio A, Cabrera-Martos I, Rodríguez-Torres J, Fajardo-Contreras W, Díaz-Pelegrina A, Valenza MC. Effects of a home-based upper limb training program in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016;97(12):2027-33.
|
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) |
Upper limb training program. |
Two 60-minute sessions per week for 8 consecutive weeks |
Significant improvement was found on motor function of the arm, manual dexterity, handgrip strength and finger prehension force. |
All the patients completed the treatment. No adverse effects were reported by any patient |
| n = 37 |
| Standen et al. 2017 3737. Standen PJ, Threapleton K, Richardson A, Connell L, Brown DJ, Battersby S, et al. A low cost virtual reality system for home based rehabilitation of the arm following stroke: a randomised controlled feasibility trial. Clin Rehabil. 2017;31(3):340-50.
|
Stroke |
Virtual reality system |
8 weeks. |
Significantly greater on grip strength and improvement of motor activity of the arm. |
Four participants withdrew due to health problems or going on holiday. |
| N =17 |
| Wang et al. 2013 3838. Wang TH, Peng YC, Chen YL, Lu TW, Liao HF, Tang PF, et al. A home-based program using patterned sensory enhancement improves resistance exercise effects for children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2013;27(8):684-94.
|
Cerebral Palsy |
Patterned sensory enhancement (PSE) music with resistance exercise vs resistance exercise with no music |
3 times per week, for 6 weeks. |
PSE group improved significantly greater than the no-music group in the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) dimensions D and Goal dimensions, persisted for at least 6 or 12 weeks. |
Three children did not complete the program. One because the parents were unable to supervise exercise the exercise, the second child due to participation in another rehabilitation program, and the third child discontinued due to severe fever. |
| N = 36 |
| Yang et al. 2016 3939. Yang WC, Wang HK, Wu RM, Lo CS, Lin KH. Home-based virtual reality balance training and conventional balance training in Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial. J Formos Med Assoc. 2016;115(9):734-43.
|
Parkinson’s diseases |
Virtual reality balance training vs Conventional balance training |
50 minutes per session, 12 sessions, for 6 weeks. |
Both groups performed better in the Berg Balance Scale, Dynamic Gait Index, timed Up-and-Go test, and Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire at posttest and follow-up than at pretest. |
Three participants dropped out during the intervention period. One participant in the experimental group stopped because she preferred conventional balance training. One participant in the control group stopped because of personal reasons. The reason of withdrawal of the third participant was not reported. |
| N = 23 |
