Blood groups in Native Americans: a look beyond ABO and Rh

Rodrigues, Mirelen Moura de Oliveira; Höher, Gabriela; Waskow, Gabriela; Hutz, Mara Helena; Lindenau, Juliana Dal-Ri; Petzl-Erler, Maria Luiza; Callegari-Jacques, Sidia Maria; Almeida, Silvana; Fiegenbaum, Marilu

doi:10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2020-0255

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Human and Medical Genetics • Genet. Mol. Biol. 44 (2) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2020-0255 linkcopy

Blood groups in Native Americans: a look beyond ABO and Rh

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The study presents comparisons between blood group frequencies beyond ABO and Rh blood systems in Native American populations and previously published data from Brazilian blood donors. The frequencies of Diego (c.2561C>T, rs2285644), Kell (c.578C>T, rs8176058), Duffy (c.125A>G, rs12075, c.1−67T>C, rs2814778) and Kidd (c.838A>G, rs1058396) variants in Kaingang (n=72) and Guarani (n=234) populations from Brazil (1990-2000) were obtained and compared with data from these populations sampled during the 1960s and with individuals of different Brazilian regions. Data showed high frequencies of DI*01 and FY*01 alleles: 11.8% and 57.6% in Kaingang and 6.8% and 75.7% in Guarani groups, respectively. The main results indicated: (1) reduction in genetic distance over time of Kaingang and Guarani in relation to other Brazilian populations is suggestive of ongoing admixture; (2) significant differences in some frequencies of blood group markers (especially Diego, Kidd and Duffy) in relation to Native Americans and individuals from different geographical regions of Brazil. Our study shows that the frequency of red blood cell polymorphisms in two Native American groups is very different from that of blood donors, when we evaluated blood groups different from ABO and Rh systems, suggesting that a better ethnic characterization of blood unit receptors is necessary.

Keywords
Genotyping; Native American population; blood group variability

	Population
Characteristics	Guarani	Kaingang
Localities	Amambai/MS Limão Verde/ MS Porto Lindo/ MS	Nonoai/ RS
Geographical coordinates	55°12’W, 23°6’S 55°6’W, 23°12’S 54°30’W, 23°48’S	52°45’W, 27°20’S
Sampling period	1992 - 1993	2000

	Present study		South				Southeast	Northeast
	Kaingang (n= 72)	Guarani (n= 234)	RS (n= 407)	SC (n= 373)	PR (n= 251)	PR-BJD (n= 209)	SP (n= 948)	BA (n= 196)
Diego
DI01*	0.118	0.069	0.010*†	0.028*†	0.022*†	0.043*	0.020*†	0.015*†
Kell
KEL01*	0	0.002	0.005	0.031†	0.044†	0.002	0.024†	0.020
Duffy
FY01*	0.576†	0.757*	0.404†	0.405*†	0.436†	0.784*	0.360*†	0.247*†
FY02*	0.376†	0.231*	0.490†	0.541*†	0.540†	0.205*	0.455*†	0.317*†
FY02N.01*	0.048†	0.012*	0.106†	0.054*†	0.024†	0.011*	0.185*†	0.436*†
Kidd
JK01*	0.326	0.407	0.560*	0.531*	0.502*	0.538*†	0.460*	0.380
JK02*	0.674	0.593	0.440*	0.469*	0.498*	0.462*†	0.540*	0.620

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[TFN1] Table adapted from Lindenau et al. (2016).