The aim of this paper is to investigate trade unionists leaders' perspective on Industry 4.0. Questionnaires and interviews were carried out. Two conclusions were pointed out: a fragmented understanding of the concept and the low participation of workers in the implementation process. Looking forward to a just transition, the improvement of either the conceptual grasp and the workers' participation are necessary.
Keywords:
Industry 4.0; Trade unionism; Brazil; Industry 5.0
| Organization | Estimates |
|---|---|
| University of Oxford | 47% of workers in America at high risk of having jobs replaced by automation |
| PricewaterhouseCoopers | 38% of jobs in US, 30% of jobs in UK, 21% in Japan and 35% in Germany at risk of automation |
| ILO (Chang and Huynh) | ASEAN-5: 56% of jobs at risk of automation in next 20 years |
| McKinsey | 60% of all occupations have at least 30% technically automatable activities |
| OECD | OECD average: 9% of jobs at high risk. Low risk of complete automation but an important share (between 50 and 70%) of automatable tasks at risk |
| Roland Berger | Western Europe: 8.3 million jobs lost in industry against 10 million new jobs created in service by 2035 |
| World Bank | Two-thirds of all jobs in developing countries are susceptible to automation |
| size of the company where the respondents work (Sebrae, 2013Sebrae. Dieese. (2013). Anuário do trabalho na micro e pequena empresa. Brasília: Sebrae. Retrieved in 2023, March 10, from: www.sebrae.com.br/Sebrae/Portal%20Sebrae/Anexos/Anuario%20do%20Trabalho%20Na%20Micro%20e%20Pequena%20Empresa_2013.pdf)a a Small company: from 20 to 99 employees. Medium company: from 100 to 499 employees. Large company: more than 500 employees (Sebrae, 2013). |
Localization | Time of working in the company [years] | Function | time as union leader [in years] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medium | Southeast | 14 | Machine operator | 8 |
| Medium | South | 8 | Machine operator | 4 |
| Large | Southeast | 31 | Machine operator | 7 |
| Medium | Southeast | 21 | Senior assembler | 16 |
| Medium | North | 10 | Assembler assistant | 8 |
| Large | Southeast | 15 | Assembler | 7 |
| Medium | Southeast | 20 | Machine operator II | 8 |
| Medium | Southeast | 11 | Machine operator | 6 |
| Medium | Southeast | 15 | Tailor | 12 |
| Small | Southeast | 21 | - | 5 |
