Abstract
The purpose of the present paper is to develop the academic history of Anthropology in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 1940 to 1969, Started by father Balduíno Rambo, a botanic, theologist and remarkable Jesuit leader, the beginning Anthropology worked only in archeological studies, situation that remained unchanged until the sixties. From 1970, the Anthropology of Rio Grande do Sul will have a new profile, having his major emphasis in simbolic and cultured studies.