Nutrient cycling of different plant residues and fertilizer doses in broccoli cultivation

Torres, José Luiz R; Gomes, Fernando R da C; Barreto, Antônio Carlos; Orioli Junior, Valdeci; França, Guilherme Deodato; Lemes, Ernane M

doi:10.1590/s0102-0536-20210102

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Research • Hortic. Bras. 39 (1) • Jan-Mar 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20210102 copy

Nutrient cycling of different plant residues and fertilizer doses in broccoli cultivation

Ciclagem de nutrientes de diferentes resíduos vegetais e doses de fertilizantes no cultivo de brócolis

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The decomposition and release of nutrients from plant residues that precede the cultivation of vegetables can positively affect the morphological parameters and crop productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of plant residue decomposition and the cycling of macro and micronutrients of four cover crops preceding the broccoli production (single head Avenger hybrid). A 4x3 factorial scheme was implemented including four cover crops: signal grass (SG), pearl millet (PM), sunn hemp (SH), mixture PM+SH; and three doses of mineral fertilizer: 0, 50 (200 kg ha^-1 of P₂O₅, 50 kg ha^-1 of K₂O, 75 kg ha^-1 of N) and 100% of the recommended fertilizer dose (400 kg ha^-1 of P₂O₅, 100 kg ha^-1 of K₂O and 150 kg ha^-1 of N). Fresh (FB) and dry biomass (DB), residue decomposition, nutrient cycling of cover crops, the number of leaves, head height (HH), stem diameter (SD), head diameter (HD), head fresh-biomass (FB), head dry biomass (DB) and broccoli yield were evaluated. The FB production from PM (25.9 t ha^-1), SG (23.3 t ha^-1) and mixture PM+SH (23.9 t ha^-1) were similar, while the largest production of DB occurred in the SG (11.9 t ha^-1). The lowest rate of decomposition and the greatest half-life time of residues occurred where PM was present. The accumulation and nutrient cycling follow the sequence K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S and Mn>Zn>B>Cu for all cover crop treatments evaluated. The highest SD (51.95; 51.44 and 50.67 mm), HD (187.97; 187.41 and 183.48 mm), FB (1.01; 1.00 and 0.97 kg), DB (0.08; 0.07 and 0.07 kg) and broccoli yield (25.3; 24.9 and 24.7 t ha^-1) was observed in the 100% dose of mineral fertilizer and on the residues of SH or PM+SH mixture, respectively.

Keywords:
Brassica oleracea var. itálica; Crotalaria juncea; Urochloa brizantha cv marandu; Pennisetum glaucum; NPK

Cover crop	FB (t ha^-1)	DB (t ha^-1)
Signal grass (SG)	23.3 a	11.9 a
Pearl millet (PM)	25.9 a	8.3 b
Sunn hemp (SH)	16.6 b	5.0 c
PM+SH	23.9 a	6.9 b
CV (%)	7.25	9.43

Cover crop	Dry biomass
Cover crop	Total (t ha^-1)	k (g g^-1)	T^½ life (days)
Signal grass (SG)	11.9 a	0.0272	25.5 b
Pearl millet (PM)	8.3 b	0.0245	28.3 a
Sunn hemp (SH)	5.0 c	0.0297	23.3 c
PM+SH	6.9 b	0.0242	28.6 a
CV (%)	9.43	--	4.21

Cover crop	DB (t ha^-1)	Nutrient	Accumulated nutrient (kg ha^-1)	k (g g^-1)	T^½ life (days)
Signal grass (SG)	11.9	N	105.19	0.0273	25.4
		P	18.51	0.0308	22.5
		K	189.73	0.0454	15.3
		Ca	61.79	0.0164	42.3
		Mg	31.18	0.0267	25.9
		S	10.45	0.0297	23.3
Pearl millet (PM)	8.3	N	113.60	0.0228	30.4
		P	13.90	0.0401	17.3
		K	93.56	0.0441	15.7
		Ca	32.68	0.0185	37.5
		Mg	16.63	0.0349	19.9
		S	9.61	0.0477	14.5
Sunn hemp (SH)	5.0	N	103.35	0.0366	18.9
		P	16.82	0.0272	25.5
		K	57.30	0.0411	16.9
		Ca	40.42	0.0195	35.5
		Mg	16.29	0.0316	21.9
		S	5.84	0.0383	18.1
PM+SH	6.9	N	105.57	0.0554	12.5
		P	10.61	0.0304	22.8
		K	94.25	0.0215	32.2
		Ca	33.94	0.0135	51.3
		Mg	16.70	0.0263	26.3
		S	6.95	0.0305	22.7

Cover crop	DB (t ha^-1)	Nutrient	Accumulated nutrient (kg ha^-1)	k (g g^-1)	T^½ life (days)
Signal grass	11.9	B	0.08	0.0045	154.00
		Cu	0.07	0.0357	19.41
		Mn	0.87	0.0114	60.79
		Zn	0.42	0.0141	49.15
Pear millet (PM)	8.3	B	0.07	0.0092	75.33
		Cu	0.06	0.0443	15.64
		Mn	0.72	0.0175	39.60
		Zn	0.34	0.0139	49.86
Sunn hemp (SH)	5.0	B	0.07	0.0045	154.00
		Cu	0.05	0.0357	19.41
		Mn	0.26	0.0114	60.79
		Zn	0.19	0.0141	49.15
PM+SH	6.9	B	0.08	0.0062	111.77
		Cu	0.05	0.0259	26.76
		Mn	0.42	0.0162	42.78
		Zn	0.31	0.0119	58.24

Cover crops (CC)	NL	PH (cm)	SD (mm)	HD (mm)	FB (kg/ha)	DB (kg/ha)	Yield (t ha^-1)
Signal grass (SG)	31	16.0	45.90 b	175.73	0.82 b	0.06	20.5 b
Sunn hemp (SH)	32	15.2	50.67 a	183.48	0.97 a	0.07	24.7 a
Pear millet (PM)	31	14.8	46.70 b	171.89	0.81 b	0.06	21.4 b
PM+SH	33	16.2	51.44 a	187.41	1.00 a	0.07	24.9 a
F test	0.32^ns	1.85^ns	2.88*	1.85^ns	2.74*	1.65^ns	3.14*
Fertilizer doses (FD)
0%	31 b	15.9	45.21 b	169.44 b	0.79 b	0.05 b	20.5 b
50%	31 b	15.4	48.86 a	181.46 a	0.90 b	0.07 a	22.8 b
100%	33 a	16.2	51.95 a	187.97 a	1.01 a	0.08 a	25.3 a
F test	0.03^*	1.88^ns	5.65*	4.35*	4.61*	5.02*	4.48*
Interaction CC x FD
F test	0.72^ns	0.27^ns	0.34^ns	0.59^ns	0.20^ns	0.85^ns	0.36^ns
CV (%)	6.91	8.91	10.11	8.69	11.06	12.28	9.44

Associação Brasileira de Horticultura Embrapa Hortaliças, C. Postal 218, 70275-970 Brasília-DF, Tel. (61) 3385 9099, Tel. (81) 3320 6064, www.abhorticultura.com.br - Vitoria da Conquista - BA - Brazil
E-mail: associacaohorticultura@gmail.com

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[TFN5] ^ns = not significant (p>0.05). * = significant differences (p<0,05). Averages followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by the Tukey test (p<0,05). NL = number of leaves; PH = plant height; SD = stem diameter; HD = head diameter; FB = head fresh-biomass; DB = head dry biomass; yield = yield of broccoli.