Abstract
Hemostasis is a complex set of biological processes responsible for blood fluidity within normal vessels and for the physiological interruption of bleeding in cases of vascular injury. Bothrops moojeni snake venom is rich in bioactive compounds of pharmacological and clinical interest since its protein components are capable of interfering with many points of the hemostatic process. Here, we present the B. moojeni venom proteins that affect hemostasis and discuss their pharmacological and clinical potential. This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Data were obtained from the CAPES Journal Portal database, using the terms “Bothrops” AND “hemostasis”, in a search for scientific articles made available in the last 20 years. Many components isolated from B. moojeni snake venom are characterized for their effect on hemostasis and possible application in the diagnosis and treatment of hemostatic disorders.
Hemostasis; Snake venoms; Therapeutics
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Elements of hemostasis: a blood coagulation cascade is initiated by release of chemical messengers such as TF and vWF injured tissue, activating the extrinsic coagulation pathway. Platelets meet tissue and release active compounds such as ADP, TXA2, ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), GTP (Guanosine Triphosphate), and 5HT (Serotonin) that aggregate platelet amplification. Then, there is the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin by intrinsic and extrinsic factors of the coagulation cascade. Thrombin, together with fibrinogen and Ca2+ (calcium ions), form fibrin and activate factors V, VII, VIII, XII, and XIII for fibrin clot formation and stabilization. It occurs the clot fibrinolysis and plasmin-mediated destruction of coagulation factors, local from plasminogen and its activators. The dashed and solid arrows indicate, respectively, the activation and inhibition of various stages of the blood clotting process. TF: tissue factor; vWF: von Willebrand factor.
