Influence of Breastfeeding Time on Caloric Composition and IL-10 and TNF-α Cytokines, Fatty Acids, and Triacylglycerol in Human Milk Colostrum in Previous, Intermediate, and Posterior Milk

Castro, Matheus C; Oliveira, Francieli S; Alves, Eloize S; Zacarias, Joana M. V; Alencar, Josiane B; Silva, Jiuliane M. da; Visentainer, Jeane E. L; Santos, Oscar O; Visentainer, Jesui V; Ichisato, Sueli M. T

doi:10.21577/0103-5053.20220099

Matheus C Castro

investigation

formal analysis

data curation

writing- original draft

conceptualization

software

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá-PR, Brazil

Francieli S Oliveira

investigation

conceptualization

data curation

formal analysis

visualization

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá-PR, Brazil

Eloize S Alves

formal analysis

data curation

writing- original draft

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá-PR, Brazil

Joana M. V Zacarias

formal analysis

visualization

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá-PR, Brazil

Josiane B Alencar

formal analysis

visualization

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá-PR, Brazil

Jiuliane M. da Silva

writing-review and editing

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá-PR, Brazil

Jeane E. L Visentainer

resources

conceptualization

supervision

Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá-PR, Brazil

Oscar O Santos

resources

supervision

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá-PR, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9631-8480

Jesui V Visentainer ^**e-mail: jesuivv@gmail.com; sichisato@hotmail.com

resources

conceptualization

supervision

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá-PR, Brazil

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá-PR, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3412-897X

Sueli M. T Ichisato ^**e-mail: jesuivv@gmail.com; sichisato@hotmail.com

funding acquisition

supervision

writing-review and editing

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá-PR, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6008-2795

*e-mail: jesuivv@gmail.com; sichisato@hotmail.com

Editor handled this article: Emanuel Carrilho (Associate)

Fatty acid / %	T1					T2					T3
Fatty acid / %	M1	M2	M3	M4	M5	M1	M2	M3	M4	M5	M1	M2	M3	M4	M5
4:0	0.49 ± 0.02^ef	0.63 ± 0.09^de	0.48 ± 0.02^ef	0.71 ± 0.03^cd	0.88 ± 0.01^bc	0.48 ± 0.03^ef	1.07 ± 0.13^a	0.75 ± 0.06^cd	0.39 ± 0.02^f	0.94 ± 0.02^ab	0.51 ± 0.00^ef	0.97 ± 0.08^ab	1.01 ± 0.05^ab	1.06 ± 0.09^a	0.94 ± 0.04^ab
6:0	0.96 ± 0.03^bc	0.47 ± 0.02^d	1.15 ± 0.12^b	0.95 ± 0.08^bc	0.45 ± 0.02^de	0.94 ± 0.02^c	0.18 ± 0.01^f	0.92 ± 0.07^c	0.26 ± 0.00^ef	0.46 ± 0.01^de	0.97 ± 0.07^bc	0.16 ± 0.00^f	1.52 ± 0.18^a	0.45 ± 0.01^de	0.46 ± 0.06^de
8:0	0.16 ± 0.01^de	0.48 ± 0.01^b	0.21 ± 0.01^de	0.89 ± 0.09^a	0.34 ± 0.00^c	0.16 ± 0.01^de	0.18 ± 0.01^de	0.16 ± 0.01^de	0.23 ± 0.01^d	0.35 ± 0.02^c	0.14 ± 0.00^e	0.16 ± 0.01^de	0.32 ± 0.02^c	0.32 ± 0.02^c	0.33 ± 0.04^c
10:0	0.17 ± 0.01^cde	0.12 ± 0.00^cde	0.24 ± 0.01^bc	0.65 ± 0.02^a	0.13 ± 0.00^cde	0.17 ± 0.00^cde	0.04 ± 0.00^e	0.18 ± 0.00^bcd	0.11 ± 0.00^cde	0.11 ± 0.00^cde	0.16 ± 0.01^cde	0.05 ± 0.00^de	0.31 ± 0.01^b	0.54 ± 0.02^a	0.19 ± 0.01^bc
12:0	2.74 ± 0.05^d	4.31 ± 0.03^b	2.43 ± 0.23^de	3.46 ± 0.18^c	2.28 ± 0.16^e	2.77 ± 0.17^d	3.96 ± 0.27^b	2.45 ± 0.04^de	4.07 ± 0.14^b	3.31 ± 0.04^c	2.37 ± 0.18^de	4.20 ± 0.05^b	2.36 ± 0.11^de	5.00 ± 0.07^a	3.38 ± 0.17^c
14:0	6.16 ± 0.09^bc	6.84 ± 0.18^a	3.82 ± 0.18^fg	4.19 ± 0.24^f	5.96 ± 0.54^cd	5.99 ± 0.08^cd	6.54 ± 0.21^abc	3.74 ± 0.08^fg	5.30 ± 0.26^e	4.21 ± 0.05^f	5.48 ± 0.21^de	6.77 ± 0.08^ab	3.37 ± 0.09^g	5.10 ± 0.18^e	4.33 ± 0.28^f
14:1	0.14 ± 0.01^cd	0.16 ± 0.00^c	0.15 ± 0.00^c	0.16 ± 0.00^c	0.12 ± 0.00^d	0.14 ± 0.00^cd	0.15 ± 0.01^c	0.16 ± 0.02^c	0.12 ± 0.00^d	0.09 ± 0.00^e	0.14 ± 0.01^cd	0.16 ± 0.01^c	0.19 ± 0.01^b	0.30 ± 0.01^a	0.09 ± 0.00^e
15:0	0.07 ± 0.00^cd	0.07 ± 0.00^cd	0.09 ± 0.00^cd	0.12 ± 0.00^bcd	0.18 ± 0.01^b	0.08 ± 0.00^cd	0.06 ± 0.00^cd	0.10 ± 0.01^bcd	0.08 ± 0.00^cd	0.04 ± 0.00^d	0.08 ± 0.01^cd	0.06 ± 0.00^cd	0.12 ± 0.00^bcd	1.17 ± 0.11^a	0.13 ± 0.00^bc
15:1	0.27 ± 0.02^cde	0.26 ± 0.01^cde	0.34 ± 0.02^a	0.19 ± 0.01^fg	0.30 ± 0.04^abc	0.27 ± 0.01^cde	0.24 ± 0.00^def	0.33 ± 0.02^ab	0.22 ± 0.01^efg	0.18 ± 0.00^g	0.26 ± 0.02^cde	0.26 ± 0.01^cde	0.35 ± 0.02^a	0.28 ± 0.01^bcd	0.19 ± 0.01^fg
16:0	26.99 ± 0.17^b	26.77 ± 0.28^bc	27.34 ± 0.29^ab	20.57 ± 0.14^f	27.90 ± 0.23^a	26.72 ± 0.29^bc	26.50 ± 0.18^bc	26.04 ± 0.45^c	20.40 ± 0.27^f	20.47 ± 0.21^f	26.75 ± 0.32^bc	26.54 ± 0.19^bc	24.64 ± 0.32^d	21.85 ± 0.21^e	20.48 ± 0.32^f
16:1n-7	0.36 ± 0.02^bcd	0.36 ± 0.01^bcd	0.28 ± 0.01^ef	0.48 ± 0.05^a	0.38 ± 0.02^b	0.36 ± 0.01^bcd	0.36 ± 0.05^bcd	0.32 ± 0.03^bcdef	0.29 ± 0.01^def	0.30 ± 0.01^cdef	0.34 ± 0.02^bcde	0.38 ± 0.02^b	0.26 ± 0.02^f	0.37 ± 0.02^bc	0.31 ± 0.02^bcdef
16:1n-9	1.41 ± 0.09^abcd	1.69 ± 0.11^ab	1.55 ± 0.17^abc	1.25 ± 0.09^cd	1.14 ± 0.09^d	1.43 ± 0.11^abcd	1.71 ± 0.08^a	1.59 ± 0.11^abc	1.36 ± 0.15^bcd	1.45 ± 0.09^abcd	1.44 ± 0.17^abcd	1.74 ± 0.15^a	1.30 ± 0.09^cd	1.42 ± 0.09^abcd	1.47 ± 0.05^abcd
17:0	0.38 ± 0.02^bcde	0.32 ± 0.01^def	0.41 ± 0.02^abc	0.33 ± 0.02^cdef	0.44 ± 0.03^ab	0.40 ± 0.02^abcd	0.30 ± 0.02^ef	0.32 ± 0.04^def	0.39 ± 0.05^abcd	0.32 ± 0.04^def	0.40 ± 0.03^abcd	0.29 ± 0.02^f	0.47 ± 0.03^a	0.40 ± 0.03^abcd	0.33 ± 0.01^cdef
17:1	0.16 ± 0.01^fg	0.11 ± 0.00ⁱ	0.27 ± 0.01^b	0.23 ± 0.02^c	0.14 ± 0.00^gh	0.16 ± 0.01^fg	0.12 ± 0.01^hi	0.21 ± 0.00^cd	0.18 ± 0.01^ef	0.13 ± 0.00^hi	0.19 ± 0.01^de	0.12 ± 0.00^hi	0.31 ± 0.02^a	0.16 ± 0.00^fg	0.12 ± 0.00^hi
18:0	7.36 ± 0.23^b	6.42 ± 0.21^c	5.56 ± 0.18^de	5.40 ± 0.18^e	7.95 ± 0.15^ab	7.57 ± 0.32^ab	6.11 ± 0.16^cd	5.32 ± 0.16^e	5.27 ± 0.05^e	5.66 ± 0.22^de	8.05 ± 0.19^a	5.85 ± 0.31^cde	5.73 ± 0.21^de	3.95 ± 0.17^f	5.79 ± 0.26^de
18:1n-7	1.41 ± 0.08^ef	1.21 ± 0.07^f	2.53 ± 0.17^b	1.99 ± 0.11^cd	1.73 ± 0.19^de	1.47 ± 0.09^ef	2.31 ± 0.09^bc	2.96 ± 0.05a	2.00 ± 0.08^cd	1.75 ± 0.12^de	1.36 ± 0.11^f	2.58 ± 0.02^b	3.16 ± 0.18^a	1.87 ± 0.17^d	1.72 ± 0.02^de
18:1n-9	30.69 ± 1.12^ab	29.35 ± 0.97^ab	31.26 ± 1.09^ab	24.01 ± 0.67^c	24.37 ± 0.68^c	31.25 ± 1.18^ab	29.44 ± 0.86^ab	31.93 ± 1.02^a	24.96 ± 0.75^c	25.73 ± 0.76^c	32.12 ± 1.21^a	28.74 ± 0.95^b	30.40 ± 0.99^ab	25.13 ± 0.87^c	25.89 ± 0.56^c
18:2 n-6	14.57 ± 0.18^hi	14.98 ± 0.43^gh	16.23 ± 0.19^ef	26.56 ± 0.16^ab	17.45 ± 0.22^d	14.27 ± 0.12^hi	15.47 ± 0.34^fg	16.69 ± 0.17^de	26.84 ± 0.43^ab	27.39 ± 0.19^a	13.91 ± 0.23ⁱ	15.66 ± 0.54^fg	18.38 ± 0.34^c	26.15 ± 0.24^b	26.98 ± 0.17^ab
CLA C9.T11	0.81 ± 0.02^b	0.46 ± 0.08^cd	0.86 ± 0.05^b	0.46 ± .02^cd	0.88 ± 0.07^ab	0.78 ± 0.01^b	0.48 ± 0.01^cd	0.37 ± 0.02^d	0.56 ± 0.03^c	0.49 ± 0.02^cd	0.74 ± 0.05^b	0.47 ± 0.01^cd	1.02 ± 0.14^a	0.52 ± 0.05^cd	0.43 ± 0.02^cd
CLA T10.C12	0.41 ± 0.01^f	0.50 ± 0.03^ef	0.73 ± 0.04^bc	0.88 ± 0.03^a	0.63 ± 0.08^cd	0.40 ± 0.02^f	0.49 ± 0.03^ef	0.58 ± 0.05^de	0.86 ± 0.04^a	0.83 ± 0.04^ab	0.39 ± 0.01^f	0.48 ± 0.05^ef	0.58 ± 0.01^de	0.66 ± 0.01^cd	0.87 ± 0.04^a
18:3 n-3	1.11 ± 0.06^cde	0.77 ± 0.02^fg	0.87 ± 0.06^efg	1.75 ± 0.15^b	1.41 ± 0.12^c	1.06 ± 0.02^def	0.80 ± 0.02^fg	0.93 ± 0.07^ef	2.05 ± 0.09^ab	2.05 ± 0.21^a	1.00 ± 0.02^ef	0.80 ± 0.05^fg	0.57 ± 0.06^g	1.32 ± 0.14^cd	2.02 ± 0.08^ab
20:0	0.76 ± 0.07^cd	0.80 ± 0.08^bcd	0.50 ± 0.01^e	0.20 ± 0.01^f	1.14 ± 0.07^a	0.75 ± 0.03^cd	0.67 ± 0.05^d	0.91 ± 0.08^b	0.77 ± 0.02^cd	0.88 ± 0.03^bc	0.75 ± 0.02^cd	0.68 ± 0.03^d	0.74 ± 0.05^d	0.15 ± 0.01^f	0.76 ± 0.01^cd
20:3n-3	0.54 ± 0.00^d	0.52 ± 0.04^d	0.69 ± 0.05^c	0.52 ± 0.01^d	1.27 ± 0.09^a	0.52 ± 0.01^d	0.53 ± 0.04^d	0.46 ± 0.05^d	0.83 ± 0.04^b	0.86 ± 0.04^b	0.51 ± 0.03^d	0.52 ± 0.02^d	0.53 ± 0.03^d	0.24 ± 0.00^e	0.81 ± 0.03^b
20:4n-6 (AA)	0.59 ± 0.04^bc	0.63 ± 0.05^bc	0.24 ± 0.01^e	0.86 ± 0.03^a	0.21 ± 0.01^e	0.56 ± 0.00^c	0.67 ± 0.03^b	0.65 ± 0.04^bc	0.41 ± 0.01^d	0.26 ± 0.00^e	0.59 ± 0.01^bc	0.65 ± 0.07^bc	0.63 ± 0.05^bc	0.26 ± 0.02^e	0.23 ± 0.01^e
20:5n-3(EPA)	0.19 ± 0.01^e	0.23 ± 0.00^bc	0.20 ± 0.01^de	0.23 ± 0.01^bc	0.25 ± 0.01^b	0.22 ± 0.01^bc	0.12 ± 0.00^f	0.25 ± 0.01^b	0.25 ± 0.01^b	0.19 ± 0.01^e	0.24 ± 0.01^bc	0.12 ± 0.00^f	0.22 ± 0.01^cd	0.29 ± 0.01^a	0.20 ± 0.00^de
22:2 n-6	0.36 ± 0.04^fg	0.32 ± 0.01^g	0.50 ± 0.08^def	0.96 ± 0.18^a	0.26 ± 0.01^g	0.36 ± 0.02^fg	0.37 ± 0.01^efg	0.51 ± 0.01^def	0.83 ± 0.02^ab	0.68 ± 0.04^bc	0.41 ± 0.02^efg	0.36 ± 0.04^fg	0.58 ± 0.04^cd	0.53 ± 0.03^cde	0.69 ± 0.03^bc
24:0	0.32 ± 0.01^de	0.71 ± 0.02^b	0.47 ± 0.02^c	0.86 ± 0.02^a	0.95 ± 0.05^a	0.31 ± 0.01^de	0.70 ± 0.03^b	0.48 ± 0.01^c	0.34 ± 0.01^de	0.36 ± 0.01^de	0.35 ± 0.01^de	0.76 ± 0.08^b	0.37 ± 0.04^d	0.27 ± 0.1^e	0.36 ± 0.02^de
24:1n-9	0.13 ± 0.00^h	0.15 ± 0.01^fgh	0.23 ± 0.01^cd	0.44 ± 0.02^a	0.29 ± 0.01^b	0.13 ± 0.00^h	0.18 ± 0.01^ef	0.24 ± 0.01^c	0.20 ± 0.00^de	0.14 ± 0.00^gh	0.15 ± 0.00^fgh	0.17 ± 0.01^efg	0.23 ± 0.02^cd	0.22 ± 0.01^cd	0.13 ± 0.01^h
22:6n-3 (DHA)	0.28 ± 0.01^ef	0.36 ± 0.02^cde	0.39 ± 0.02^bc	0.69 ± 0.09^a	0.64 ± 0.03^a	0.28 ± 0.01^ef	0.26 ± 0.01^f	0.46 ± 0.04^b	0.46 ± 0.03^b	0.37 ± 0.05^bcde	0.29 ± 0.01^def	0.32 ± 0.01^cdef	0.38 ± 0.02^bcd	0.16 ± 0.01^g	0.37 ± 0.01^bcde
ΣSFA	46.61 ± 0.76^b	49.24 ± 0.69^a	42.71 ± 0.76^c	37.44 ± 0.12^e	47.91 ± 0.76^ab	46.38 ± 0.57^b	46.29 ± 0.93^b	41.38 ± 0.51^cd	38.08 ± 0.21^e	37.42 ± 0.57^e	46.07 ± 0.48^b	46.48 ± 0.36^b	41.18 ± 0.32^cd	40.81 ± 0.92^d	37.80 ± 0.57^e
ΣMUFA	34.57 ± 0.54^d	32.69 ± 0.53^e	36.61 ± 0.28^ab	28.75 ± 0.18^fg	28.46 ± 0.45^g	35.20 ± 0.17^cd	34.51 ± 0.78^de	37.74 ± 0.41^a	29.33 ± 0.42^fg	29.78 ± 0.32^f	36.00 ± 0.23^bc	34.15 ± 0.47^d	36.20 ± 0.19^bc	29.75 ± 0.31^f	29.92 ± 0.19^f
ΣPUFA	18.81 ± 0.16^ghi	18.08 ± 0.29ⁱ	20.68 ± 0.18^f	31.82 ± 0.38^b	23.68 ± 0.28^d	18.42 ± 0.14^hi	19.20 ± 0.18^gh	20.87 ± 0.12^f	32.61 ± 0.51^a	32.81 ± 0.17^a	18.03 ± 0.22ⁱ	19.38 ± 0.21^g	22.68 ± 0.21^e	29.48 ± 0.29^c	32.28 ± 0.26^ab
Σn-3	2.12 ± 0.09^e	2.64 ± 0.05^d	2.15 ± 0.02^e	4.53 ± 0.04^c	5.08 ± 0.09^a	2.08 ± 0.07^e	2.69 ± 0.08^d	2.10 ± 0.04^e	5.02 ± 0.05^a	4.79 ± 0.04^b	2.05 ± 0.03^e	2.70 ± 0.05^d	1.70 ± 0.02^f	2.79 ± 0.09^d	4.71 ± 0.06^b
Σn-6	16.69 ± 0.18^e	15.44 ± 0.16^g	18.53 ± 0.01^d	27.29 ± 0.17^b	18.60 ± 0.23^d	16.34 ± 0.03^fg	16.51 ± 0.24^fg	18.77 ± 0.19^d	27.59 ± 0.18^ab	28.02 ± 0.26^a	15.98 ± 0.11^fg	16.67 ± 0.11^e	20.99 ± 0.14^c	26.69 ± 0.12^b	27.57 ± 0.54^ab
EPA+DHA	0.47 ± 0.02^de	0.39 ± 0.03^ef	0.60 ± 0.03^c	0.92 ± 0.01^a	0.89 ± 0.02^a	0.50 ± 0.04^g	0.38 ± 0.01^f	0.71 ± 0.03^b	0.70 ± 0.01^b	0.57 ± 0.02^c	0.54 ± 0.06^cd	0.44 ± 0.03^ef	0.60 ± 0.05^c	0.45 ± 0.01^ef	0.57 ± 0.02^c
n-6/n-3	7.89 ± 0.07^d	5.85 ± 0.12^efg	8.61 ± 0.15^c	6.02 ± 0.15^ef	5.66 ± 0.03^fg	7.84 ± 0.03^d	6.14 ± 0.15^e	8.93 ± 0.07^c	5.50 ± 0.12^g	5.85 ± 0.34^efg	7.80 ± 0.08^d	6.16 ± 0.05^e	12.35 ± 0.16^a	9.57 ± 0.15^b	5.86 ± 0.08^efg
PUFA/SFA	0.40 ± 0.02^ef	0.37 ± 0.02^f	0.48 ± 0.04^cde	0.85 ± 0.02^a	0.49 ± 0.05^cde	0.40 ± 0.01^ef	0.41 ± 0.03^def	0.50 ± 0.03^cde	0.86 ± 0.03^a	0.88 ± 0.03^a	0.38 ± 0.02^f	0.42 ± 0.01^def	0.55 ± 0.03^c	0.72 ± 0.04^b	0.85 ± 0.06^a

				TAG ions / %
				Sample
				T1					T2					T3
				M1	M2	M3	M4	M5	M1	M2	M3	M4	M5	M1	M2	M3	M4	M5
C₄₉H₉₀O₆	46:2	792	PLLa	-	1.721	-	2.322	-	-	-	-	2.477	2.000	-	1.785	-	3.054	2.032
C₄₉H₉₂O₆	46:1	794	POLa	2.268	3.373	2.116	2.119	-	2.367	3.146	2.208	2.310	1.876	2.053	3.217	2.001	2.937	1.949
C₄₉H₉₄O₆	46:0	796	PMP	2.313	2.431	-	-	2.671	2.185	2.312	-	-	-	1.970	2.439	-	-	-
C₅₁H₉₀O₆	48:4	816	LaLL	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.820	-
C₅₁H₉₂O₆	48:3	818	LaLO	-	1.888	-	2.706	-	-	1.840	-	3.035	2.507	-	1.906	-	3.500	2.567
C₅₁H₉₄O₆	48:2	820	LaOO	-	1.850	-	-	-	-	1.739	-	-	-	-	1.718	-	-	-
C₅₁H₉₄O₆	48:2	820	PLM	2.501	2.722	1.728	2.787	3.331	2.340	2.704	-	3.202	2.545	2.043	2.890	-	3.115	2.570
C₅₁H₉₆O₆	48:1	822	POM	5.208	5.334	3.350	-	4.671	5.073	5.112	3.268	2.987	2.387	4.704	5.209	2.835	2.995	2.465
C₅₁H₉₈O₆	48:0	824	PPP	3.357	3.194	3.487	2.543	4.139	3.240	3.142	3.119	-	-	3.199	3.168	2.767	1.870	-
C₅₃H₉₄O₆	50:4	844	MLL	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.103	-	-	-	-	1.856	-
C₅₃H₉₆O₆	50:3	846	MLO	2.816	2.986	1.988	3.247	2.913	2.717	2.990	2.099	3.924	3.191	2.440	3.086	2.121	3.570	3.247
C₅₃H₉₈O₆	50:2	848	PLP	5.447	5.363	6.208	6.834	7.745	5.207	5.512	6.011	6.162	6.211	4.978	5.630	6.208	6.688	6.126
C₅₃H₉₈O₆	50:2	848	MOO	2.932	2.926	1.926	-	2.043	2.945	2.826	2.005	-	-	2.808	2.781	-	-	-
C₅₃H₁₀₀O₆	50:1	850	POP	11.341	10.512	12.033	6.237	10.860	11.287	10.420	11.481	5.748	5.826	11.460	10.149	10.257	6.431	5.876
C₅₃H₁₀₂O₆	50:0	852	SPP	2.761	2.288	2.146	-	3.561	2.767	2.169	1.908	-	-	2.901	2.080	1.923	-	-
C₅₃H₁₀₂O₆	50:0	852	OVcL	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.996	-	-
C₅₅H₉₈O₆	52:4	872	PLL	2.945	3.002	3.684	8.725	4.830	2.789	3.224	3.861	8.095	8.301	2.582	3.336	4.643	7.970	8.068
C₅₅H₁₀₀O₆	52:3	874	PLO	12.265	11.767	14.281	15.924	13.546	12.090	12.190	14.749	15.102	15.573	11.888	12.026	15.343	15.330	15.479
C₅₅H₁₀₀O₆	52:3	874	PVcO	-	-	2.204	-	-	-	1.809	2.650	-	-	-	1.991	2.668	-	-
C₅₅H₁₀₄O₆	52:2	876	POO	12.769	11.532	13.840	7.266	9.498	13.105	11.521	14.087	7.044	7.303	13.684	10.838	12.675	7.371	7.424
C₅₅H₁₀₄O₆	52:2	876	SLP	2.986	2.562	2.547	3.583	4.441	2.964	2.538	2.450	3.202	3.454	3.009	2.632	2.877	2.443	3.466
C₅₅H₁₀₄O₆	52:1	878	SOP	6.216	5.021	4.937	3.270	6.228	6.426	4.797	4.681	2.987	3.240	6.927	4.443	4.753	2.349	3.325
C₅₇H₉₈O₆	54:6	896	LLL	-	-	-	3.713	-	-	-	-	3.545	3.699	-	-	-	3.166	3.542
C₅₇H₁₀₀O₆	54:5	898	OLL	3.316	3.293	4.237	10.165	4.224	3.238	3.565	4.737	9.920	10.407	3.083	3.562	5.738	9.135	10.194
C₅₇H₁₀₃O₆	54:4	900	OLO	6.905	6.454	8.213	9.276	5.923	7.019	6.739	9.048	9.254	9.761	7.097	6.421	9.481	8.785	9.778
C₅₇H₁₀₂O₆	54:4	900	SLL	-	-	-	2.287	-	-	-	-	2.103	2.308	-	-	-	-	2.283
C₅₇H₁₀₄O₆	54:3	902	OOO	4.792	4.217	5.306	2.822	2.769	5.072	4.246	5.761	2.877	3.052	5.446	3.858	5.221	2.816	3.127
C₅₇H₁₀₄O₆	54:3	902	SLO	3.361	2.810	2.929	4.174	3.884	3.441	2.806	3.007	3.924	4.330	3.593	2.632	3.555	2.800	4.379
C₅₇H₁₀₆O₆	54:2	904	SOO	3.500	2.754	2.839	-	2.723	3.730	2.652	2.872	-	2.031	4.136	2.372	2.937	-	2.101
La: lauric acid (12:0); M: myristic acid (14:0); P: palmitic acid (16:0); S: stearic acid (18:0); O: oleic acid (18:1n-9); Vc: vaccenic acid (18:1n-7); L: linoleic acid (18:2n-6); TAG: triacylglycerides; M1: mother 1; M2: mother 2; M-3: mother 3; M4: mother 4; M5: mother; T1: before starting the feed, time zero (previous milk); T2: after 15 min of feeding (intermediate milk); T3: after 30 min of feeding (posterior milk).

Sample	IL-10 / (pg mL^-1)	TNF-α / (pg mL^-1)
M1T1	36.12 ± 0.98^b	14.27 ± 0.67^b
M2T1	8.24 ± 0.42^c	2.96 ± 0.12^d
M3T1	7.66 ± 0.12^cd	13.88 ± 0.38^b
M4T1	3.32 ± 0.15^e	-
M5T1	5.87 ± 0.15^cde	5.93 ± 0.32^c
M1T2	152.45 ± 5.12^a	1.41 ± 0.04^e
M2T2	5.26 ± 0.28^cde	3.11 ± 0.31^d
M3T2	8.81 ± 0.17^c	15.85 ± 0.43ª
M4T2	8.24 ± 0.19^c	-
M5T2	3.98 ± 0.17^de	-
M1T3	32.98 ± 0.87^b	15.90 ± 0.29^a
M2T3	5.86 ± 0.19^cde	2.68 ± 0.19^d
M3T3	5.26 ± 0.22^cde	6.37 ± 0.21^c
M4T3	7.66 ± 0.16^cd	3.29 ± 0.18^d
M5T3	5.25 ± 0.26^cde	5.65 ± 0.28^c

[1] *e-mail: jesuivv@gmail.com; sichisato@hotmail.com

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Influence of Breastfeeding Time on Caloric Composition and IL-10 and TNF-α Cytokines, Fatty Acids, and Triacylglycerol in Human Milk Colostrum in Previous, Intermediate, and Posterior Milk