ELMO CPAP: an innovative type of ventilatory support for COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To assess whether the use of ELMO, a helmet for noninvasive ventilation created in Brazil, had a positive impact on the prognosis of patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure caused by severe COVID-19.

Methods:

This is a retrospective study of 50 critically ill COVID-19 patients. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data were collected on ICU admission, as well as before, during, and after ELMO use. Patients were divided into two groups (success and failure) according to the outcome.

Results:

ELMO use improved oxygenation parameters such as Pao₂, Fio₂, and the Pao₂/Fio₂ ratio, and this contributed to a gradual reduction in Fio₂, without an increase in CO₂, as determined by arterial blood gas analysis. Patients in the success group had significantly longer survival (p < 0.001), as determined by the Kaplan-Meier analysis, less need for intubation (p < 0.001), fewer days of hospitalization, and a lower incidence of acute kidney injury in comparison with those in the failure group.

Conclusions:

The significant improvement in oxygenation parameters, the longer survival, as reflected by the reduced need for intubation and by the mortality rate, and the absence of acute kidney injury suggest that the ELMO CPAP system is a promising tool for treating ARDS and similar clinical conditions.

Keywords:
Respiratory distress syndrome; COVID-19; Noninvasive ventilation; Intensive care units