Semi-analytical Equations for Designing Terahertz Graphene Dipole Antennas on Glass Substrate

Garcia, Marcos E. C.; Oliveira, Rodrigo M. S. de; Rodrigues, Nilton R. N. M.

doi:10.1590/2179-10742022v21i11335

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Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications

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Article • J. Microw. Optoelectron. Electromagn. Appl. 21 (1) • Mar 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742022v21i11335 copy

Semi-analytical Equations for Designing Terahertz Graphene Dipole Antennas on Glass Substrate

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Semi-analytical equations are developed for aiding the process of designing terahertz graphene-based rectangular dipole antennas lying on glass substrates. It directly provides the dipole length required for obtaining resonance at a desired frequency since antenna width and graphene chemical potential are known. By using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, a large number of computational simulations were performed considering several combinations of antenna dimensions and chemical potential values. The simulation results were used along with graphene electrostatic scaling law combined with the least squares method to optimize the formulation coefficients. With the optimized coefficients, we obtain very satisfying accuracy levels. In the frequency range from 0.5 THz to 3.0 THz, the average relative absolute error is 1.50%, with maximum relative absolute error of 6.77%.

Index Terms
Graphene Dipole Antenna; Engineering Design; Resonance Frequency; Terahertz Radiation

Antenna parameters			Photomixer parameters
W	Re{Z}_min	Re{Z}_max	d	$Z_{0 \min} (μ_{ce} = 1 eV)$	$Z_{0 \max} (μ_{ce} = 0)$
1 µm	50 Ω	2500 Ω	1.06 µm	491.9 Ω	2505.7 Ω
1 µm	50 Ω	2500 Ω	0.2 nm	9.92 Ω	52.4 Ω
2 µm	50 Ω	2100 Ω	4.5 µm	467.2 Ω	2150.5 Ω
2 µm	50 Ω	2100 Ω	0.8 nm	9.92 Ω	52.3 Ω
4 µm	50 Ω	1100 Ω	2.8 µm	231.1 Ω	1115 Ω
4 µm	50 Ω	1100 Ω	3 nm	9.6 Ω	50.3 Ω
8 µm	50 Ω	700 Ω	3.9 µm	150.8 Ω	705.2 Ω
8 µm	50 Ω	700 Ω	12 nm	9.6 Ω	50.7 Ω
16 µm	30 Ω	310 Ω	2.2 µm	63.4 Ω	311.3 Ω
16 µm	30 Ω	310 Ω	50 nm	9.8 Ω	51.6 Ω
32 µm	10 Ω	150 Ω	1.9 µm	30.8 Ω	152.5 Ω
32 µm	10 Ω	150 Ω	190 nm	9.6 Ω	50.2 Ω

W	f ₁	Radiation efficiency
2 µm	0.9 THz	16.05%
8 µm	1.1 THz	52.45%
32 µm	1.3 THz	79.52%

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