Validation of the <i>Inventaire du Milieu Familial</i> Questionnaire (French version of the Infant/Toddler HOME) into the Brazilian Portuguese language

Sudbrack, Simone; Barbosa, Fernanda P.; Mattiello, Rita; Booij, Linda; Estorgato, Geovana R.; Dutra, Moisés S.; Assunção, Fabiana D. de; Nunes, Magda L.

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2018.02.008

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Original articles • J. Pediatr. (Rio J.) 95 (3) • May-Jun 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2018.02.008 copy

Validation of the Inventaire du Milieu Familial Questionnaire (French version of the Infant/Toddler HOME) into the Brazilian Portuguese language^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Sudbrack S, Barbosa FP, Mattiello R, Booij L, Estorgato GR, Dutra MS, et al. Validation of the Inventaire du Milieu Familial Questionnaire (French version of the Infant/Toddler HOME) into the Brazilian Portuguese language. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2019;95:314 -20. , ^☆☆ ☆☆ Study carried out at Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Pediatria e Saúde da Criança Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Instituto do Cérebro (InsCer-BraIns), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

To validate the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Family Environment Assessment questionnaire (Inventaire du Milieu Familial).

Methods:

The validation process was carried out in two stages. First, translation and back-translation were performed, and in the second phase, the questionnaire was applied in 72 families of children between 0 and 24 months for the validation process. The tool consists of the following domains: mother's communication ability; behavior; organization of the physical and temporal environment; collection/quantity of toys; maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby; diversification of stimuli; baby's behavior. The following was performed for the scale validation: 1 – content analysis (judgment); 2 – construct analysis (factorial analysis – Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, Bartlett, and Pearson's correlation tests); 3 – criterion analysis (calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient, intraclass correlations, and split-half correlations).

Results:

The mean age of the children was 9 ± 6.7 months, and of these, 35 (48.6%) were males. Most correlations between items and domains were significant. In the factorial analysis of the scale, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin values were 0.76, Bartlett's test showed a p-value < 0.001, and correlation between items and domains showed a p-value < 0.01. Regarding the validity, Cronbach's alpha was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.89–0.94). The intraclass correlation among the evaluators was 0.97 (0.96–0.98) and split-half correlations, r: 0.60, with p < 0.01.

Conclusions:

The Portuguese version of the Inventaire du Milieu Familial showed good to excellent performance regarding the assessed psychometric properties.

KEYWORDS
Validation studies; Child development; Family environment

Rotated component matrix
	Component
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
AQ1	0.48	0.39	0.40	-0.15	0.19	-0.18	0.13
AQ2	0.70	0.17	0.46	0.04	0.15	-0.01	0.02
AQ3	0.70	0.27	0.37	0.11	0.06	-0.01	0.00
AQ4	0.53	0.21	0.65	0.13	0.04	0.07	0.02
AQ5	0.08	0.24	0.65	-0.12	-0.48	0.19	-0.08
AQ30	0.88	0.18	0.15	-0.14	-0.00	0.20	-0.07
AQ10	0.67	0.19	0.19	0.18	0.23	-0.29	-0.06
AQ11	0.48	0.28	0.54	0.10	0.31	-0.18	-0.05
AQ12	0.26	0.90	-0.12	0.03	-0.04	0.07	-0.00
AQ13	0.35	0.91	0.02	0.01	0.00	0.09	0.00
AQ14	0.35	0.90	0.02	0.03	-0.02	0.09	0.03
AQ15	0.31	0.92	0.01	0.09	0.00	0.08	0.00
AQ16	0.22	0.89	0.01	0.10	-0.16	0.04	0.03
AQ18A	-0.19	-0.04	0.18	0.26	-0.05	-0.58	-0.13
AQ18B	0.08	0.02	0.10	-0.07	-0.06	-0.00	0.81
AQ18C	-0.14	0.06	0.06	0.02	0.10	-0.02	0.85
AQ19	0.15	0.23	0.15	0.16	-0.13	0.74	-0.22
AQ20	0.19	0.22	-0.05	0.14	-0.75	0.12	-0.02
AQ21	-0.12	-0.04	-0.39	0.45	-0.30	0.39	0.10
AQ22	0.29	-0.20	-0.36	0.03	-0.14	0.16	0.30
AQ23	-0.10	0.22	-0.22	0.52	0.20	0.50	0.09
AQ24	0.78	0.24	0.15	-0.18	-0.19	0.22	0.02
AQ25	0.35	0.06	0.19	-0.08	0.74	0.16	-0.06
AQ26	0.70	0.33	0.28	-0.03	0.07	-0.03	0.14
AQ27	0.89	0.18	0.11	-0.13	-0.04	0.09	-0.10
AQ28	0.89	0.18	0.15	-0.11	-0.00	0.13	0.02
AQ29	0.88	0.25	-0.02	-0.08	-0.00	-0.01	0.01
AQ31A	-0.02	0.05	-0.18	0.87	-0.20	-0.03	-0.11
AQ31B	-0.07	0.07	-0.08	0.81	-0.04	-0.05	0.01
AQ32	0.58	0.31	-0.26	0.03	0.26	0.15	-0.02
AQ6	0.24	-0.21	0.73	-0.18	0.06	0.11	0.06
AQ7	0.13	-0.16	0.75	-0.11	0.16	-0.10	0.21
AQ8	0.20	-0.09	0.74	-0.28	0.03	-0.21	-0.05
AQ9	0.26	0.01	0.50	-0.27	0.53	-0.02	0.13

	Domain A		Domain B		Domain C		Domain D		Domain E		Domain F		Domain G
Q01	r (s) = 0.78^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.	Q12	r (s) = 0.95^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.	Q18A	r (s) = 0.08	Q24	r (s) = 1.00^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent. ,^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities).	Q25	r (s) = 0.52^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.	Q31A	r (s) = 0.93^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent. ,^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities).	Q32	r (s) = 1.00^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent. ,^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities).
	p < 0.001		p < 0.001		p = 0.488		p = 0.001		p < 0.001		p < 0.001		p < 0.001
Q02	r (s) = 0.86^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.	Q13	r (s) = 0.98^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.	Q18B	r (s) = 0.02			Q26	r (s) = 0.82^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.	Q31B	r (s) = 0.92^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent. ,^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities).
	p < 0.001		p < 0.001		p = 0.865				p < 0.001		p < 0.001
Q03	r (s) = 0.80^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.	Q14	r (s) = 0.97^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.	Q18C	r (s) = 0.07			Q27	r (s) = 0.94^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.
	p < 0.001		p < 0.001		p = 0.522				p < 0.001
Q04	r (s) = 0.85^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.	Q15	r (s) = 0.98^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.	Q19	r (s) = 0.64^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.			Q28	r (s) = 0.94^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.
	p < 0.001		p < 0.001		p < 0.001				p < 0.001
Q05	r (s) = 0.47^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.	Q16	r (s) = 0.94^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.	Q20	r (s) = 0.38^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.			Q29	r (s) = 0.92^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.
	p < 0.001		p < 0.001		p = 0.001				p < 0.001
Q06	r (s) = 0.66^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.	Q17	r (s) = 0.01	Q21	r (s) = 0.67^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.			Q30	r (s) = 0.94^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.
	p < 0.001		p = 0.938		p < 0.001				p < 0.001
Q07	r (s) = 0.63^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.			Q22	r (s) = 0.47^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.
	p < 0.001				p < 0.001
Q08	r (s) = 0.68^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.			Q23	r (s) = 0.73^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities).
	p < 0.001				p < 0.001
Q09	r (s) = 0.66^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.
	p < 0.001
Q10	r (s) = 0.65^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.
	p < 0.001
Q11	r (s) = 0.81^a a Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities). ,^b b Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities). Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.
	p < 0.001

^a
Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (two extremities).
^b
Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (two extremities).

Domain A, Mother's communication ability. Domain B, Behavior. Domain C, Organization of the physical and temporal environment. Domain D, Collection/quantity of appropriate toys. Domain E, Maternal attitude of constant attention toward her baby. Domain F, Diversification of stimuli. Domain G, Baby's behavior. Q1, The mother vocalizes (produces sounds)/speaks spontaneously with her baby. Q2, The mother responds to the baby's vocalizations/words. Q3, The mother gives the baby/twin the name of any object during the visit or gives the name of a person or object in a pedagogical way. Q4, The mother's speech to the baby/twin is distinct, clear, audible (easily intelligible). Q5, During the interview the mother: speaks little; has an almost unintelligible language; speaks moderately and coherently; speaks almost constantly. Q6, The mother initiates verbal exchanges with the interviewer, asks questions, makes comments spontaneously. Q7, The mother expresses her ideas freely and easily has answers that constitute an appropriate extension to the conversation (i.e ., gives brief answers). Q8, The mother spontaneously praises the qualities or behavior of her baby. Q9, When she talks about her baby or with her baby, the mother's voice expresses positive feelings. Q10, The mother caresses or hugs the baby during the visit. Q11, The mother expresses positive feelings when the interviewer compliments her baby. Q12, The mother yells at the baby. Q13, The mother seems clearly troubled by her baby and shows hostility toward him/her. Q14, The mother hits the baby and slaps him/her on the buttocks during the visit. Q15, The mother scolds and criticizes the baby. Q16, The mother intervenes in the baby's actions and restricts his/her movements. Q17, The family has a pet. Q18, During the visit, the following devices are on: television; radio; Q20 During the visit, disturbing noises of human voices, television, radio or other sources were heard. Q20, The degree of activity in the house during the interview may be classified as: slow; active but not turbulent; very active and turbulent, but not during the entire visit; very active and very turbulent during most of the visit. Q21, Does the layout of the windows and doors of the house allow the baby to have a view of the outside environment? Q22, The environment where the baby plays seems safe and not dangerous. Q23, Overall, the inside of the house was: quite in order and clean; in order and clean; a little cluttered, but clean; a little cluttered and dirty; quite cluttered, but clean; quite cluttered and dirty. Q24, The mother provides interesting toys or activities to the baby. Q25, The mother tends to keep the baby in her field of vision and watches him/her often. Q26, The mother talks to her baby while working or doing her chores. Q27, The mother consciously encourages the baby's progress in his/her development. Q28, The mother values educational toys for the attention she dedicates to them. Q29, The mother structures the baby's periods of playing to develop new skills. Q30, The mother offers the baby stimulating toys. Q31A, How manypeople were present at the house during the visit? Number. Q31B, How many of these people do not live regularly in the house? (excluding the interviewer). Q32, During the visit the baby was: irritable; awake and active; awake but passive; sleeping; absent.

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E-mail: jped@jped.com.br

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail:simone.sudbrack@pucrs.br (S.Sudbrack).