Identification of dietary patterns of adolescents attending public schools

Pinho, Lucinéia de; Silveira, Marise Fagundes; Botelho, Ana Cristina de Carvalho; Caldeira, Antônio Prates

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2013.04.006

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Original articles • J. Pediatr. (Rio J.) 90 (02) • May-Jun 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2013.04.006 copy

Identification of dietary patterns of adolescents attending public schools^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: de Pinho L, Silveira MF, Botelho AC, Caldeira AP. Identification of dietary patterns of adolescents attending public schools. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2014;90:267-72.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE:

to identify the dietary patterns of adolescents attending public municipal schools in Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil, and to test the association between these patterns and socioeconomic variables and nutritional status of the adolescents.

METHODS:

this was an analytical, cross-sectional study with randomized sample of 474 adolescents of both genders, between 11 and 17 years of age, attending municipal public schools in the urban area of Montes Claros, MG, Brazil. The parents provided demographic and economic data. The nutritional status (body mass index - BMI) of the adolescents was determined at school, and their dietary habits were assessed though the administration of the Food Frequency Questionnaire for Adolescents (FFQA). Based on 26 categories extracted from FFQA, dietary patterns were determined using principal component analysis (PCA) and associated to anthropometric and socioeconomic factors using multiple regression analysis.

RESULTS:

the three dietary patterns identified, "junk food," "healthy," and "traditional", explained 23.26%, 6.90%, and 5.24% of data variability, respectively. Adolescents with per capita family income exceeding half a minimum wage were more likely to consume the "junk food" pattern (OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.07-2.56), and overweight adolescents had lower chances of eating the "healthy" food pattern (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.35-0.91).

CONCLUSIONS:

deviations from the "healthy" patterns were not associated to low income, but rather to bad eating habits in the studied population. Overweight adolescents did not adhere to the "healthy" dietary pattern, emphasizing the need for nutritional education among them.

Adolescents; Eating Behavior; Principal Component Analysis

Group or food	Easting pattern			Communalities
	Junk food	Healthy	Traditional
Rice and tuberous roots	0.346	0.318	0.360	0.350
Pasta	0.429	0.149	0.270	0.279
Beans	0.065	-0.130	0.393	0.176
Red meat	0.085	0.157	0.678	0.492
White meat	-0.011	0.327	0.590	0.455
Eggs	0.053	0.325	0.435	0.298
Whole dairy foods	0.437	0.401	0.194	0.389
Skim dairy foods	0.300	0.481	0.053	0.325
Margarine	0.414	0.173	0.201	0.241
Breads	0.599	0.216	0.174	0.436
Cereals	0.260	0.314	0.036	0.168
Powdered chocolate milk	0.501	-0.171	0.189	0.316
Sweets/desserts	0.683	0.194	0.019	0.504
Sugar	0.506	0.047	-0.097	0.268
Filled biscuits	0.513	0.023	0.215	0.310
Processed meats	0.325	0.225	0.535	0.443
Leafy greens	-0.040	0.725	0.065	0.532
Legumes	0.042	0.569	-0.041	0.327
Fruit	0.257	0.674	0.262	0.589
Natural juice	0.181	0.570	0.341	0.474
Artificial juice	0.259	-0.182	0.460	0.311
Fatty foods	0.693	0.208	0.189	0.559
Sweet foods	0.694	0.091	0.048	0.492
Mayonnaise	0.370	0.255	0.238	0.259
Number of items	11	6	7
Accumulated variance (%)	23.26	30.16	35.40
Cronbach's alpha	0.74	0.65	0.61

Variables	Dietary patterns
	Junk food ^a		Healthy ^b		Traditional
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Bivariate analysis
Gender
Male	1		1		1
Female	1.27 ^c	0.89-1.84	0.90	0.62-1.31	1.34	0.79-1.63
Age
11 to 13 years	1		1		1
≥ 14 years	0.95	0.67-1.33	1.15^c	0.55-1.10	1.01	0.72-1.42
Level of schooling
≥ 8 years	1		1		1
0 - 7 years	0.97	0.69-1.38	0.90	0.63-1.28	1.20	0.86-1.70
Family income ^d
< 1/2 MW	1		1		1
> 1/2 MW	1.66 ^a	1.07-2.56	0.71^c	0.46-1.09	0.91	0.59-1.40
Nutritional status
Normal weight	1		1		1
Excess weight	1.05	0.68-1.63	0.56 ^a	0.35-0.91	0.76	0.50-1.20

Multivariate analysis
Family income ^d
< 1/2 MW	1		-		-
> 1/2 MW	1.65	1.07-2.55
Nutritional status
Normal weight	-		1		-
Excess weight			0.58	0.36-0.94

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E-mail: jped@jped.com.br

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[1] * Corresponding author. lucineiapinho@hotmail.com

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Identification of dietary patterns of adolescents attending public schools☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: de Pinho L, Silveira MF, Botelho AC, Caldeira AP. Identification of dietary patterns of adolescents attending public schools. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2014;90:267-72.

OBJECTIVE:

METHODS:

RESULTS:

CONCLUSIONS:

Identification of dietary patterns of adolescents attending public schools^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: de Pinho L, Silveira MF, Botelho AC, Caldeira AP. Identification of dietary patterns of adolescents attending public schools. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2014;90:267-72.