A direct immunofluorescence staining technique is described for the detection of yellow fever virus antigen in formalin-fixed liver tissue. Fluorescein-labelled antibody was prepared with batches of immunoglobulin from monkeys immunized with yellow fever strain 17D and show to be free of antibodies to hepatitis A and B viruses. Liver sections were digested with 0.1% trypsin for 2 hours before staining with the fluorescent conjugate. All specimens with hepatocytes showing cytoplasmatic fluorescence were considered positive. In 76 specimens tested there was agreement between histopathology and immunofluorescence in 33 positive and 34 negative cases. Of the remaining 9 specimens with doubtful histopathology, 8 were negative and 1 was positive by immunofluorescence. Specimens from hepatitis of other aetiologies were always negative. Tissue culture cells (VERO) infected with yellow fever virus strain 17D gave strongly positive reactions. The technique described is a useful addition ti histopathology in cases of doubtful diagnosis and makes use of specimens routinely received for diagnosis.