Effects of different methods of strength training on indicators of muscle fatigue during and after strength training: a systematic review

Barahona-Fuentes, Guillermo D.; Ojeda, Álvaro Huerta; Jerez-Mayorga, Daniel

doi:10.1590/S1980-6574202000030063

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Motriz: Revista de Educação Física

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Systematic review • Motriz: rev. educ. fis. 26 (03) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-6574202000030063 copy

Effects of different methods of strength training on indicators of muscle fatigue during and after strength training: a systematic review

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Introduction:

The development of strength has shown to be beneficial to sports performance and health. However, during strength training, they also produce alterations in muscle fatigue indicators, leading to a decrease in the ability to generate strength. Despite this, there is still not enough knowledge about the levels of muscle fatigue generated by different methods of strength training and how this information can be integrated into sports planning. Review and analyze the studies existing between January 2009 and January 2019 that have used indicators of muscle fatigue established in the search terms during and after strength training as measurement variables.

Evidence acquisition:

The study corresponds to a systematic review of previously published studies, following the PRISMA model. Articles published between 2009 and 2019 that measured muscle fatigue indicators during and after strength training were evaluated. The electronic search was conducted through Web of Science, Scopus, Sport Discus, PubMed, and Medline. We included all articles that used a strength protocol and also measured indicators of muscle fatigue and its possible effect on physical performance.

Evidence synthesis:

A total of 39 articles were found, which were stratified according to the protocol used: (i) plyometric training, (ii) Bodypump® training, (iii) occlusion training, (iv) variable resistance training, (v) conventional strength training, (vi) eccentric strength training, (vii) rest times in strength training and (viii) concurrent training.

Conclusion:

At the end of the systematic review, it was shown that the different training methodologies for strength development generate increases in muscle fatigue indicators, and the increase generated in the different muscle fatigue indicators depends both on the methodology used and on the type of population, sex, level of training and type of sport. The most-reported indicators are [La], HR and RPE, DOM, MR variation, and ammonium.

Keywords:
strength training; muscle fatigue indicators; sports performance

	Selection (1-2-3-4)	Comparability (5-6-7)	Results (8-9-10-11)	Total
Oliveira et al. [²⁶26. Oliveira AS, Greco CC, Pereira MP, Figueira TR, Ruas VDA, Goncalves M, Denadai BS. Physiological and neuromuscular profile during a body pump session: acute responses during a high-resistance training session. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25(12):3422-3431. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e318196b757 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318196... ]	#---*	0-0-0	---	7
Wernbom et al. [²⁰20. Wernbom M, Jarrebring R, Andreasson MA, Augustsson J. Acute effects of blood flow restriction on muscle activity and endurance during fatiguing dynamic knee extensions at low load. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23(8):2389-2395. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bc1c2a doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bc... ]	#---*	0-0-*	---	8
Brown et al. [¹⁶16. Brown GA, Ray MW, Abbey BM, Shaw BS, Shaw I. Oxygen consumption, heart rate, and blood lactate responses to an acute bout of plyometric depth jumps in college-aged men and women. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(9):2475-2482. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b22b63 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b2... ]	#-0-0-*	0-0-0	---	5
Chatzinikolaou et al. [¹⁷17. Chatzinikolaou A, Fatouros IG, Gourgoulis V, Avloniti A, Jamurtas A, Nikolaidis M, et al. Time course of changes in performance and inflammatory responses after acute plyometric exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(5):1389-1398. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d1d318 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d1... ]	#---*	0-0-0	---	7
Smilios et al. [⁴⁴44. Ojeda ÁH, Chirosa LJ, Barrilao RG, Rios IJC, Serrano PAC. Efecto de la resistencia variable sobre la potenciación post activación: una revisión sistemática. Arch Med del Deport. 2016;(175):338-345.]	#-0-0-*	0-0-0	---	5
Walker et al. [³⁴34. Walker S, Ahtiainen JP, Hakkinen K. Acute neuromuscular and hormonal responses during contrast loading: effect of 11 weeks of contrast training. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010;20(2):226-234. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00914.x doi https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009... ]	#-0-0-*	0-0-0	---	5
Greco et al. [²⁷27. Greco CC, Oliveira AS, Pereira MP, Figueira TR, Ruas VDA, Goncalves M, Denadai BS. Improvements in metabolic and neuromuscular fitness after 12-week bodypump (R) training. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25(12):3422-3431. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182160053 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318216... ]	#---*	0-0-0	---	7
Izquierdo et al. [³³33. Izquierdo M, Gonzalez-Izal M, Navarro-Amezqueta I, Calbet JAL, Ibañez J, Malanda A, et al. Effects of Strength Training on Muscle Fatigue Mapping from Surface EMG and Blood Metabolites. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(2):303-311.]	#-0-0-*	0-0-0	---	5
Sánchez-Medina et al. [³²32. Sanchez-Medina L, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ. Velocity Loss as an Indicator of Neuromuscular Fatigue during Resistance Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(9):1725-1734.]	#-0-0-*	0-0-0	---	5
Buitrago et al. [³⁷37. Buitrago S, Wirtz N, Yue Z, Kleinöder H, Mester J. Effects of load and training modes on physiological and metabolic responses in resistance exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012;112(7):2739-2748. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2249-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2249-... ]	#---*	*-0-0	---	8
Hardee et al. [³⁵35. Hardee JP, Lawrence MM, Utter AC, Triplett NT, Zwetsloot KA, McBride JM. Effect of inter-repetition rest on ratings of perceived exertion during multiple sets of the power clean. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012;112(8):3141-3147. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2300-x https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2300-... ]	#---*	*-0-0	---	8
Paulo et al. [⁴⁵45. Rogatzki MJ, Wright GA, Mikat RP, Brice AG. Blood ammonium and lactate accumulation response to different training protocols using the parallel squat exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2014;28(4):1113-1118. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182a1f84e doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182a1... ]	#---*	*-0-0	---	8
Walker et al. [¹²12. Walker S, Davis L, Avela J, Hakkinen K. Neuromuscular fatigue during dynamic maximal strength and hypertrophic resistance loadings. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2012;22(3):356-362. doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.12.009 doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.1... ]	#---*	*-0-0	---	8
Couto et al. [¹¹11. Couto BP, Silva HR, Filho AG, Silveira Neves SR, Ramos MG, Szmuchrowski LA, et al. Acute Effects of Resistance Training with Local Vibration. Int J Sports Med. 2013;34(9):814-819.]	#---*	*-0-0	---	8
Fernandez-Gonzalo et al. [²⁵25. Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Lundberg TR, Alvarez-Alvarez L, de Paz JA. Muscle damage responses and adaptations to eccentric-overload resistance exercise in men and women. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2014;114(5):1075-1084. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-2836-7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-2836-... ]	#-0-0-*	0-0-0	---	5
Okuno et al. [²¹21. Okuno NM, Pedro RE, Leicht AS, de Paula Ramos S, Nakamura FY. Cardiac autonomic recovery after a single session of resistance exercise with and without vascular occlusion. J Strength Cond Res. 2014;28(4):1143-1150. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000245 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.000000000000... ]	#---*	*-0-0	---	8
Pareja-Blanco et al. [²2. Pareja-Blanco F, Rodriguez-Rosell D, Sanchez-Medina L, Gorostiaga EM, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ. Effect of Movement Velocity during Resistance Training on Neuromuscular Performance. Int J Sports Med. 2014;35(11):916-924.]	#---*	*-0-0	---	8
Rogatzki et al. [⁴⁶46. Parraga-Montilla JA, Garcia-Ramos A, Castano-Zambudio A, Capelo-Ramírez F, González-Hernández JM, Cordero-Rodríguezet Y, et al. Acute and Delayed Effects of a Resistance Training Session Leading to Muscular Failure on Mechanical, Metabolic, and Perceptual Responses. J Strength Cond Res. June 2018. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002712 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.000000000000... ]	#---*	0-0-0	---	7
Silva et al. [⁴⁷47. Silva RAS, Silva-Júnior FL, Pinheiro FA, Souza PFM, Boullosa DA, Pires FO. Acute prior heavy strength exercise bouts improve the 20-km cycling time trial performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2014;28(9):2513-2520. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000442 https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.000000000000... ]	#-0-0-*	0-0-0	---	5
Ammar et al. [⁴⁸48. Andreatta MV, Curty VM, Coutinho JVS, Santos MAA, Vassalo PF, Sousa NF, et al. Cell-Free DNA as an Earlier Predictor of Exercise-Induced Performance Decrement Related to Muscle Damage. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2018;13(7):953-956. doi:10.1123/ijspp.2017-0421 doi https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0421... ]	#---*	0-0-0	---	7
Gadruni et al. [²⁴24. Gadruni K, Mahmmadpour H, Gadruni M. Effect of elastic-band exercise on muscle damage and inflammatory responses in taekwondo athletes. Rev Bras Med do Esporte. 2015;21(4):297-301.]	#-0-0-*	0-0-0	---	5
González-Badillo et al. [⁴⁹49. Bartolomei S, Sadres E, Church DD, Arroyo E, Gordon III JA, Varanoske NA, et al. Comparison of the recovery response from high-intensity and high-volume resistance exercise in trained men. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2017;117(7):1287-1298. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3598-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3598-... ]	#---*	0-0-0	---	7
Nicholson et al. [¹³13. Nicholson G, Ispoglou T, Bissas A. The impact of repetition mechanics on the adaptations resulting from the strength-, hypertrophy- and cluster-type resistance training. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2016;116(10):1875-1888. doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3439-2 doi https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3439-... ]	#---*	*-0-0	---	8
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Sabido et al. [⁵5. Sabido R, Penaranda M, Hernandez-Davo JL. Comparison of acute responses to four different hypertrophy-oriented resistance training methodologies. Eur J Hum Mov. 2016;37:109-121.]	#---*	0-0-0	---	7
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de Almeida et al. [²³23. de Almeida B, Aidar FJ, de Matos DG, Almeida Junior H, Boaretto SM, Souza RF. Comparison of Traditional Strength Training and Kaatsu Strength Training on Thermal Asymmetry, Fatigue Rate, and Peak Torque. J Exerc Physiol Online. 2017;20(1):1-12. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=121047615⟨=es&site=ehost-live&scope=site. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?d... ]	#---*	0-0-0	---	7
Johnston et al. [⁵¹51. Smilios I, Hakkinen K, Tokmakidis SP. Power output and electromyographic activity during and after a moderate load muscular endurance session. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(8):2122-2131. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a5bc44 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a5... ]	#---*	*-0-0	---	8
Andreatta et al. [⁵²52. Gauche E, Couturier A, Lepers R, Michaut A, Rabita G, Hausswirth C. Neuromuscular fatigue following high versus low-intensity eccentric exercise of biceps brachii muscle. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2009;19(6):481-486. doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2009.01.006 doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2009.0... ]	#-0-0-*	0-0-0	---	5
Curty et al. [⁵³53. Raeder C, Wiewelhove T, Simola RA, Kellmann M, Meyer T, Pfeiffer M, et al. Assessment of Fatigue and Recovery in Male and Female Athletes After 6 Days of Intensified Strength Training. J Strength Cond Res. 2016;30(12):3412-3427. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001427 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.000000000000... ]	#---*	0-0-0	---	7
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Author	Number (M/F)	Age	Sample type
Oliveira et al. [²⁶26. Oliveira AS, Greco CC, Pereira MP, Figueira TR, Ruas VDA, Goncalves M, Denadai BS. Physiological and neuromuscular profile during a body pump session: acute responses during a high-resistance training session. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25(12):3422-3431. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e318196b757 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318196... ]	0/15	21.7± 2.1	Not physically trained
Wernbom et al. [²⁰20. Wernbom M, Jarrebring R, Andreasson MA, Augustsson J. Acute effects of blood flow restriction on muscle activity and endurance during fatiguing dynamic knee extensions at low load. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23(8):2389-2395. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bc1c2a doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bc... ]	8/3	20-39	Velocity and trained footballers
Brown et al. [¹⁶16. Brown GA, Ray MW, Abbey BM, Shaw BS, Shaw I. Oxygen consumption, heart rate, and blood lactate responses to an acute bout of plyometric depth jumps in college-aged men and women. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(9):2475-2482. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b22b63 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b2... ]	10/10	22.1±1.3	Recreative trained
Chatzinikolaou et al. [¹⁷17. Chatzinikolaou A, Fatouros IG, Gourgoulis V, Avloniti A, Jamurtas A, Nikolaidis M, et al. Time course of changes in performance and inflammatory responses after acute plyometric exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(5):1389-1398. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d1d318 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d1... ]	24/0	25.5±1.9	Physically healthy subjects
Smilios et al. [⁴⁴44. Ojeda ÁH, Chirosa LJ, Barrilao RG, Rios IJC, Serrano PAC. Efecto de la resistencia variable sobre la potenciación post activación: una revisión sistemática. Arch Med del Deport. 2016;(175):338-345.]	16/0	20.7±1.1	Young people with recreational experience in strength
Walker et al. [³⁴34. Walker S, Ahtiainen JP, Hakkinen K. Acute neuromuscular and hormonal responses during contrast loading: effect of 11 weeks of contrast training. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010;20(2):226-234. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00914.x doi https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009... ]	10/0	23.6±2.5	Recreative trained in strength
Greco et al. [²⁷27. Greco CC, Oliveira AS, Pereira MP, Figueira TR, Ruas VDA, Goncalves M, Denadai BS. Improvements in metabolic and neuromuscular fitness after 12-week bodypump (R) training. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25(12):3422-3431. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182160053 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318216... ]	0/19	21.4±2.0	Sedentary
Izquierdo et al. [³³33. Izquierdo M, Gonzalez-Izal M, Navarro-Amezqueta I, Calbet JAL, Ibañez J, Malanda A, et al. Effects of Strength Training on Muscle Fatigue Mapping from Surface EMG and Blood Metabolites. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(2):303-311.]	12/0	33.0±4.4	Physically active subjects
Sánchez-Medina et al. [³²32. Sanchez-Medina L, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ. Velocity Loss as an Indicator of Neuromuscular Fatigue during Resistance Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(9):1725-1734.]	18/0	25.6±3.4	Trained subjects
Buitrago et al. [³⁷37. Buitrago S, Wirtz N, Yue Z, Kleinöder H, Mester J. Effects of load and training modes on physiological and metabolic responses in resistance exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012;112(7):2739-2748. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2249-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2249-... ]	10/0	27.3±3.2	Students physical education with experience in strength
Hardee et al. [³⁵35. Hardee JP, Lawrence MM, Utter AC, Triplett NT, Zwetsloot KA, McBride JM. Effect of inter-repetition rest on ratings of perceived exertion during multiple sets of the power clean. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012;112(8):3141-3147. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2300-x https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2300-... ]	10/0	23.6±0.37	Subjects trained in strength
Paulo et al. [⁴⁵45. Rogatzki MJ, Wright GA, Mikat RP, Brice AG. Blood ammonium and lactate accumulation response to different training protocols using the parallel squat exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2014;28(4):1113-1118. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182a1f84e doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182a1... ]	19/0	25.7±4.4	Physically healthy young people
Walker et al. [¹²12. Walker S, Davis L, Avela J, Hakkinen K. Neuromuscular fatigue during dynamic maximal strength and hypertrophic resistance loadings. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2012;22(3):356-362. doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.12.009 doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.1... ]	13/0	28.4 ± 3.7	Physically active subjects with no experience in strength
Couto et al. [¹¹11. Couto BP, Silva HR, Filho AG, Silveira Neves SR, Ramos MG, Szmuchrowski LA, et al. Acute Effects of Resistance Training with Local Vibration. Int J Sports Med. 2013;34(9):814-819.]	32/0	26.0±3.46	Subjects with experience in strength
Fernandez-Gonzalo et al. [²⁵25. Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Lundberg TR, Alvarez-Alvarez L, de Paz JA. Muscle damage responses and adaptations to eccentric-overload resistance exercise in men and women. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2014;114(5):1075-1084. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-2836-7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-2836-... ]	16/16	23±1	Healthy and physically active subjects
Okuno et al. [²¹21. Okuno NM, Pedro RE, Leicht AS, de Paula Ramos S, Nakamura FY. Cardiac autonomic recovery after a single session of resistance exercise with and without vascular occlusion. J Strength Cond Res. 2014;28(4):1143-1150. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000245 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.000000000000... ]	9/0	24.0±2.9	Healthy subjects with experience in strength
Pareja-Blanco et al. [²2. Pareja-Blanco F, Rodriguez-Rosell D, Sanchez-Medina L, Gorostiaga EM, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ. Effect of Movement Velocity during Resistance Training on Neuromuscular Performance. Int J Sports Med. 2014;35(11):916-924.]	29/0	23.3±3.2	Students of sports sciences with experience in strength
Rogatzki et al. [⁴⁶46. Parraga-Montilla JA, Garcia-Ramos A, Castano-Zambudio A, Capelo-Ramírez F, González-Hernández JM, Cordero-Rodríguezet Y, et al. Acute and Delayed Effects of a Resistance Training Session Leading to Muscular Failure on Mechanical, Metabolic, and Perceptual Responses. J Strength Cond Res. June 2018. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002712 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.000000000000... ]	6/0	18-24	Teenagers
Silva et al. [⁴⁷47. Silva RAS, Silva-Júnior FL, Pinheiro FA, Souza PFM, Boullosa DA, Pires FO. Acute prior heavy strength exercise bouts improve the 20-km cycling time trial performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2014;28(9):2513-2520. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000442 https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.000000000000... ]	11/0	32±6	Trained cyclists
Ammar et al. [⁴⁸48. Andreatta MV, Curty VM, Coutinho JVS, Santos MAA, Vassalo PF, Sousa NF, et al. Cell-Free DNA as an Earlier Predictor of Exercise-Induced Performance Decrement Related to Muscle Damage. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2018;13(7):953-956. doi:10.1123/ijspp.2017-0421 doi https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0421... ]	9/0	21±0.5	Experienced weightlifters
Gadruni et al. [²⁴24. Gadruni K, Mahmmadpour H, Gadruni M. Effect of elastic-band exercise on muscle damage and inflammatory responses in taekwondo athletes. Rev Bras Med do Esporte. 2015;21(4):297-301.]	14/0	22.64±1.49	Taekwondo athletes and sedentary subjects
González-Badillo et al. [⁴⁹49. Bartolomei S, Sadres E, Church DD, Arroyo E, Gordon III JA, Varanoske NA, et al. Comparison of the recovery response from high-intensity and high-volume resistance exercise in trained men. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2017;117(7):1287-1298. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3598-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3598-... ]	9/0	23.3±3.9	Students of sports sciences with experience in strength
Nicholson et al. [¹³13. Nicholson G, Ispoglou T, Bissas A. The impact of repetition mechanics on the adaptations resulting from the strength-, hypertrophy- and cluster-type resistance training. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2016;116(10):1875-1888. doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3439-2 doi https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3439-... ]	34/0	21.76±2.60	Trained subjects
Ojeda et al. [¹1. Ojeda ÁCH, Ríos LJC, Barrilao RG, Ríos IJC, Serrano PAC. Acute effect of Complex Training protocol on grenade throwing velocity on military pentathletes. Arch Med del Deport. 2016;33(6):367-374.]	19/0	24.8±5.3	Military pentathletes
Poton et al. [²²22. Poton R, Polito MD. Hemodynamic response to resistance exercise with and without blood flow restriction in healthy subjects. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2016;36(3):231-236. doi:10.1111/cpf.12218 doi https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12218... ]	12/0	23.4±3.8	Healthy and trained subjects
Raeder et al. [³⁹39. Maher CG, Sherrington C, Herbert RD, Moseley AM, Elkins M. Reliability of the PEDro Scale for Rating Quality of Randomized Controlled Trials. Phys Ther. 2003;83(8):713-721. doi:10.1093/ptj/83.8.713 https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/83.8.713... ]	14/9	24.1±2.0	Athletes
Sabido et al. ²⁰20. Wernbom M, Jarrebring R, Andreasson MA, Augustsson J. Acute effects of blood flow restriction on muscle activity and endurance during fatiguing dynamic knee extensions at low load. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23(8):2389-2395. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bc1c2a doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bc... [⁵5. Sabido R, Penaranda M, Hernandez-Davo JL. Comparison of acute responses to four different hypertrophy-oriented resistance training methodologies. Eur J Hum Mov. 2016;37:109-121.]	17/0	23.2±3.6	Subjects with experience in strength
Bartolomei et al. [⁵⁰50. Moran-Navarro R, Perez CE, Mora-Rodriguez R, la Cruz-Sanchers E, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ, Sanchez-Medina L, et al. Time course of recovery following resistance training leading or not to failure. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2017;117(12):2387-2399.]	12/0	24.5±4.2	Subjects with experience in strength
de Almeida et al. [²³23. de Almeida B, Aidar FJ, de Matos DG, Almeida Junior H, Boaretto SM, Souza RF. Comparison of Traditional Strength Training and Kaatsu Strength Training on Thermal Asymmetry, Fatigue Rate, and Peak Torque. J Exerc Physiol Online. 2017;20(1):1-12. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=121047615⟨=es&site=ehost-live&scope=site. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?d... ]	10/0	22.50±2.84	Subjects with experience in strength
Johnston et al. [⁵¹51. Smilios I, Hakkinen K, Tokmakidis SP. Power output and electromyographic activity during and after a moderate load muscular endurance session. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(8):2122-2131. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a5bc44 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a5... ]	15/0	21±1	Rugby players
Andreatta et al. [⁵²52. Gauche E, Couturier A, Lepers R, Michaut A, Rabita G, Hausswirth C. Neuromuscular fatigue following high versus low-intensity eccentric exercise of biceps brachii muscle. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2009;19(6):481-486. doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2009.01.006 doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2009.0... ]	10/10	24±6	Healthy subjects with experience in strength
Curty et al. [⁵³53. Raeder C, Wiewelhove T, Simola RA, Kellmann M, Meyer T, Pfeiffer M, et al. Assessment of Fatigue and Recovery in Male and Female Athletes After 6 Days of Intensified Strength Training. J Strength Cond Res. 2016;30(12):3412-3427. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001427 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.000000000000... ]	9/0	26±1	Healthy subjects with experience in strength
dos Santos et al. [⁵⁴54. Paulo CA, Roschel H, Ugrinowitsch C, Kobal R, Tricoli V. Influence of different resistance exercise loading schemes on mechanical power output in work to rest ratio - equated and - nonequated conditions. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(5):1308-1312.]	7/6	29.5±6	Physically active subjects
Ojeda et al. [²⁹29. Ojeda A, Rios LC, Barrilao RG, Ojeda XH. Behavior of cortisol, CK, and lactate in a session of variable resistance. Rev Bras Med do Esporte. 2018;24(4):268-272.]	10/0	28.5±4.8	Military athletes
Miranda et al. [⁵⁵55. Miranda H, Maia M, de Oliveira CG, Farias D, Silva JB, Lima VP, et al. Myoelectric indices of fatigue adopting different rest intervals during leg press sets. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2018;22(1):178-183. doi:S1360-8592(17)30044-X pii https://doi.org/S1360-8592(17)30044-X... ]	0/15	25.7±4.7	Recreative trained
Párraga-Montilla et al. [⁵⁶56. Miranda H, Souza JAAA, Scudese E, Paz GA, Salerno VP, Vigario PS, et al. Acute Hormone Responses Subsequent to Agonist-Antagonist Paired Set vs. Traditional Straight Set Resistance Training. J Strength Cond Res. July 2018. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002633 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.000000000000... ]	11/0	22.5±3.1	Subjects trained in strength
Sieljacks et al. [⁵⁷57. Tufano JJ, Conlon JA, Nimphius S, Oliver JM, Kreutzer A, Haff GG. Different Cluster Sets Result In Similar Metabolic, Endocrine, And Perceptual Responses In Trained Men. J Strength Cond Res. March 2019. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001898 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.000000000000... ]	14/0	23-27	Untrained youth
Wertheimer et al. [¹⁹19. Wertheimer V, Antekolovic L, Matkovic BR. Muscle damage indicators after the land and aquatic plyometric training programmes. Montenegrin J Sport Sci Med. 2018;7(1):13-19. doi:10.26773/mjssm.180302 https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.180302... ]	20/0	22±1.80	Physically active subjects
Tufano et al. [⁵⁸58. Ammar A, Chtourou H, Trabelsi K, Padulo J, Turki M, El Abed K, et al. Temporal specificity of training: intra-day effects on biochemical responses and Olympic-Weightlifting performances. J Sports Sci. 2015;33(4):358-368. doi:10.1080/02640414.2014.944559 https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.94... ]	8/0	25.2±4.1	Subjects trained in strength

Author	Year	Objective	Variable	Treatment	Results from muscular damage	Force results	Performance
Oliveira et al. [²⁶26. Oliveira AS, Greco CC, Pereira MP, Figueira TR, Ruas VDA, Goncalves M, Denadai BS. Physiological and neuromuscular profile during a body pump session: acute responses during a high-resistance training session. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25(12):3422-3431. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e318196b757 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318196... ]	2009	Compare and analyze metabolic ([La]), cardiovascular (HR), and neuromuscular (EMG) parameters during a Bodypump® session.	Exercises proposed by Bodypump®	60 minutes of Bodypump®. These exercises were performed using 1 kg weights, except for the division squatting position, which used weights corresponding to 10% of 1RM (~ 5 kg) to standardize individual responses during sessions. A straight metal bar (1 kg) and 1, 2, and 5 kg disc weights were added to the bar.	↑ (p < 0.05) [La] and HR during the session. There was no significant correlation between EMG, lactate, and HR variables.	1RM and CMJ were ns	=
Wernbom et al. [²⁰20. Wernbom M, Jarrebring R, Andreasson MA, Augustsson J. Acute effects of blood flow restriction on muscle activity and endurance during fatiguing dynamic knee extensions at low load. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23(8):2389-2395. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bc1c2a doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bc... ]	2009	Investigate whether there was any difference in muscle activity and endurance during low-intensity exercise in dynamic knee extension performed up to fatigue with and without occlusion.	Dynamic knee extension training with and without occlusion	Isotonic resistance in knee extenders, 4 sets of three repetitions at 85% of 1RM with 4 min rest intervals between sets.	RPE and acute pain were ns between leg with and without occlusion. DOMS increased (p < 0.05) in leg without occlusion after 48 hours.	Electrical activity between leg with occlusion and without occlusion was ns.	=
Brown et al. [¹⁶16. Brown GA, Ray MW, Abbey BM, Shaw BS, Shaw I. Oxygen consumption, heart rate, and blood lactate responses to an acute bout of plyometric depth jumps in college-aged men and women. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(9):2475-2482. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b22b63 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b2... ]	2010	Investigate acute changes in O2, HR, and blood [La] in a deep plyometric session in men and women.	Deep PD acute session	Resistance to 30% of 1RM. Occlusion was used at a pressure of 100 mm Hg just before the cuff exercise, and this pressure was maintained in the occluded leg during exercise, including rest periods between series. Subjects performed as many repetitions as possible for a total of 3 series for each leg. The rest between each series was 45 seconds for both the nonoccluded and occluded leg.	↑ (p < 0.05) in [La], HR and O2 during the session.	SJ was ns; however, women presented ↓ (p < 0.05) in jumping height compared to post-test men.	= in men, ↓ in women
Chatzinikolaou et al. [¹⁷17. Chatzinikolaou A, Fatouros IG, Gourgoulis V, Avloniti A, Jamurtas A, Nikolaidis M, et al. Time course of changes in performance and inflammatory responses after acute plyometric exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(5):1389-1398. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d1d318 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d1... ]	2010	Investigate the temporal course of inflammatory, hormonal, and performance marker changes involved in the inflammatory response during a 5-day recovery period following an acute series of plyometric exercise	Acute PD session	8 sets of 10 jumps in-depth with both feet of a box 0.8 m high. When the subjects reached the ground with both feet, they immediately jumped as high as possible and touched a vertical jump measurement device; the subjects turned and mounted the jump box using 3 incremental steps that were 0.2 m higher than the previous one. Subjects performed 8 series of 10 repetitions with 3 minutes of passive recovery between series.	Range of motion ↓ (p < 0.05) up to 48 hrs post- exercise. DOMS, CK and lactate dehydrogenase ↑ (p < 0.05) until 72 hours. PCR ↑ (p < 0.05) until 24 hours. Uric acid and cortisol ↑ (p < 0.05) until 96 hours. [La] ↑ (p < 0.001).	CMJ and SJ ↓ (p < 0.05) 24 hours after PD and ↓ was maintained up to 72 hours.	↓
Smilios et al. [⁴⁴44. Ojeda ÁH, Chirosa LJ, Barrilao RG, Rios IJC, Serrano PAC. Efecto de la resistencia variable sobre la potenciación post activación: una revisión sistemática. Arch Med del Deport. 2016;(175):338-345.]	2010	Examine (a) the mechanical power and activity of EMG during a moderately loaded muscular endurance session and (b) the maximum mechanics output power and EMG activity using a light load and then a heavy load	Medium, light and heavy load endurance exercise	50 jumps over 50 cm obstacles (5 sets of 10 repetitions) and 50 jumps with plyometric box drop 50 cm (5 sets of 10 repetitions). There were 2 and 5 minutes of rest between sets and exercises, respectively.	[La] ↑ (p < 0.05).	Loads used in third and fourth series ↓ (p < 0.05) versus first and second series. Production of force ↓ (p < 0.05) during last 2 series. Average speed of each series was ns.	↓
Walker et al. [³⁴34. Walker S, Ahtiainen JP, Hakkinen K. Acute neuromuscular and hormonal responses during contrast loading: effect of 11 weeks of contrast training. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010;20(2):226-234. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00914.x doi https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009... ]	2010	Evaluate acute and endocrine neuromuscular responses during a contrast loading protocol	Contrast training	The lifting protocol was 10 x 5-speed squats at 70% of the mass of the system (1RM) with rest intervals of 2 minutes between sets.	[La] =	↑ (p < 0.05) on SJ jump and maximum isometric force.	↑
Greco et al. [²⁷27. Greco CC, Oliveira AS, Pereira MP, Figueira TR, Ruas VDA, Goncalves M, Denadai BS. Improvements in metabolic and neuromuscular fitness after 12-week bodypump (R) training. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25(12):3422-3431. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182160053 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318216... ]	2011	To assess the effects of 12 weeks of the Bodypump® training program on neuromuscular aspects and metabolic variables, such as HR and lactate.	Bodypump®	Exercises for the upper extremities were performed using 1 kg weights. Squatting and ramming exercises were performed using weights corresponding to 10% of 1RM for the occupants (~ 5 kg). A straight metal bar (1 kg) and 1, 2, and 5 kg weights were attached to the bar and used during lower extremity exercises.	[La] and HR were ns.	↑ (p < 0.05) max. force	↑
Izquierdo et al. [³³33. Izquierdo M, Gonzalez-Izal M, Navarro-Amezqueta I, Calbet JAL, Ibañez J, Malanda A, et al. Effects of Strength Training on Muscle Fatigue Mapping from Surface EMG and Blood Metabolites. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(2):303-311.]	2011	Effects of heavy-duty training and its relationship between power loss and EMG rates and blood metabolite concentrations on exercise-induced dynamic fatigue	Strength training	Five series, with the load corresponding to 10 RM on the leg press with 120 s of rest between the series. After training, each subject performed an acute load resistance protocol with the same relative load (10 RM) as in the pre-workout test protocols.	[La], ammonia, and uric acid ↑ (p < 0.05)	Maximum power loss (p<0.05)	↓
Sánchez-Medina et al. [³²32. Sanchez-Medina L, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ. Velocity Loss as an Indicator of Neuromuscular Fatigue during Resistance Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(9):1725-1734.]	2011	Analyze the acute mechanical and metabolic responses to resistance exercise protocols that differ in the number of repetitions performed in each series from the expected maximum number.	Bench press and/or squat exercises	Subjects performed 50 jumps at the maximum continuous intensity at approximately a 90-degree angle at the knees, and after 60 minutes of rest, performed the second series.	[La] and ammonia ↑ (p < 0.05)	↓ (p < 0.05) average speed of bar and CMJ movement	↓
Buitrago et al. [³⁷37. Buitrago S, Wirtz N, Yue Z, Kleinöder H, Mester J. Effects of load and training modes on physiological and metabolic responses in resistance exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012;112(7):2739-2748. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2249-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2249-... ]	2012	Examine acute physiological and metabolic responses to a comprehensive bench press exercise of 4 exercise modes with different speeds and different external loads.	Press banking	4 sets of 20 repetitions with an initial load of 50% of 1RM and 2 minutes rest in the squat exercise. In addition, subjects performed 4 repetitions with loads of 40% and 80% of 1RM before, immediately after, and 30 minutes after the end of the session.	[La] ↑ (p < 0.01) at high, medium and low loads	↓ (p < 0.01) number of repetitions	↓
Hardee et al. [³⁵35. Hardee JP, Lawrence MM, Utter AC, Triplett NT, Zwetsloot KA, McBride JM. Effect of inter-repetition rest on ratings of perceived exertion during multiple sets of the power clean. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012;112(8):3141-3147. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2300-x https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2300-... ]	2012	Examine the effects of rest between repetitions on RPE ratings in the power clean exercise.	Power clean	4 sets of squats (3% to 80% of 1RM) interspersed with 4 sets of SJ (three repetitions). A 3-minute break was allowed between sets.	RPE ↑ (p < 0.05)	↓ (p < 0.05) on the output power	↓
Paulo et al. [⁴⁵45. Rogatzki MJ, Wright GA, Mikat RP, Brice AG. Blood ammonium and lactate accumulation response to different training protocols using the parallel squat exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2014;28(4):1113-1118. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182a1f84e doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182a1... ]	2012	Evaluate the influence of different rest intervals and the number of repetitions per set on the production of muscle power in the squat exercise between exercises and the rest ratio.	Squatting force work	MVC force and then the performance of a resistance exercise protocol composes of three series of bicep curls at 40% MVC with 1 minute or 3 minutes time interval between series.	[La] ↑ (p < 0.05) in (SSSI and LSLI). SSLI ↓ (p < 0.05) in [La] when compared to LSLI	Average power ↑ (p < 0.05) in SSLI	An ↑ in the intensity and volume of training produces ↓ performance
Walker et al. [¹²12. Walker S, Davis L, Avela J, Hakkinen K. Neuromuscular fatigue during dynamic maximal strength and hypertrophic resistance loadings. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2012;22(3):356-362. doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.12.009 doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.1... ]	2012	To compare acute neuromuscular fatigue during maximum dynamic force and hypertrophic loads.	Exercise of force. 15 series of 1 maximum repetition (MAX) and 5 series of 10 maximum repetitions (HYP).	Bodypump®, the initial workload (kg) used for squats and onslaughts was 10% of 1RM squats. Upper limb and trunk exercises were performed at a workload of 2 kg for weights or 1 kg for free weights. Workload increases for squats and onslaughts were 5% every 2 weeks (4 sessions).	[La] ↑ (p < 0.01) in hypertrophy group	Concentric load during maximum force ↓ (p < 0.05), Concentric force and maximum isometric ↓ (p < 0.001) in both groups.	Hypertrophy work produces ↓ performance
Couto et al. [¹¹11. Couto BP, Silva HR, Filho AG, Silveira Neves SR, Ramos MG, Szmuchrowski LA, et al. Acute Effects of Resistance Training with Local Vibration. Int J Sports Med. 2013;34(9):814-819.]	2013	To verify the acute effects of the application of local vibration in the upper extremities during resistance training on the number of maximum repetitions and metabolic and hormonal responses.	Vibration strength training session and non-vibration strength training	5 sets of 10 repetitions in the leg press, with 2 minutes rest between sets.	[La], testosterone and cortisol ↑ (p < 0.05) after both interventions. However [La] and testosterone ↑ (p < 0.05) compared to the non-vibration group. CK and urea were ns in both groups.	Number of repetitions ↓ (p < 0.05) in both groups	↓
Fernandez-Gonzalo et al. [²⁵25. Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Lundberg TR, Alvarez-Alvarez L, de Paz JA. Muscle damage responses and adaptations to eccentric-overload resistance exercise in men and women. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2014;114(5):1075-1084. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-2836-7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-2836-... ]	2014	To evaluate markers of muscle damage and training adaptations to eccentric overload endurance exercise in men and women.	Supine squatting training position	Repetitions carried out in each series with respect to the maximum number foreseen.	The [La], was greater after the first training session (p < 0.05). CK ↑ (P < 0.001) in men after the first session. In both sexes, CK and [La] remained at baseline in both groups after the last session.	1RM ↑ (p < 0.001) in men and women. SJ and potency yield at 50%, 60%, 70% and 80% of 1RM ↑ in both sexes (P < 0.05). The improvement in potency at 80% of 1RM was greater (P < 0.02) in men than in women. Muscle mass ↑ (P < 0.05).	↑
Okuno et al. [²¹21. Okuno NM, Pedro RE, Leicht AS, de Paula Ramos S, Nakamura FY. Cardiac autonomic recovery after a single session of resistance exercise with and without vascular occlusion. J Strength Cond Res. 2014;28(4):1143-1150. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000245 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.000000000000... ]	2014	To investigate the variability of HR after resistance training with and without occlusion.	Leg presses with and without occlusion	3 experimental sessions on different days, separated by at least 72 hours and a maximum of 120 hours: (a) 5 series of leg press exercises in 80% of 1RM without vascular occlusion (HI ), (b) 5 series of leg press exercises at 40% of 1RM with vascular occlusion (IOL), and (c) 5 series of leg press exercises at 40% of 1RM without vascular occlusion (LI) of each leg.	HI, HR and [La] ↑ (p < 0.05), after exercise by over LI and IOL	Reduced recovery in HI	↓ in HI
Pareja-Blanco et al. [²2. Pareja-Blanco F, Rodriguez-Rosell D, Sanchez-Medina L, Gorostiaga EM, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ. Effect of Movement Velocity during Resistance Training on Neuromuscular Performance. Int J Sports Med. 2014;35(11):916-924.]	2014	To compare the effect of 2 different isometric resistance training interventions on strength gains and selected neuromuscular performance measures using movement speed as an independent variable.	Strength training	Lifting loads 55% (low), 70% (MED) or 85% (high) 1 RM-in one of the four modes given, 4-1-4-1 (4-s concentric, 1-s isometric, 4-s eccentric and 1-s successive isometric actions), 2-1-2-1 (2-s concentric, 1-s isometric, 2-s eccentric and 1-s isometric successive actions), 1-1-1- 1 (1-s concentric, 1-s isometric, 1-s eccentric and 1-s successive isometric actions) or MAX (concentric maximum velocity, 1-s isometric, 1-s eccentric and 1-s successive isometric actions).	[La] and ammonia ↑ (p < 0.05) in MaxV as compared to HalfV	CMJ and maximum concentric speed ↑ (p < 0.001) in MaxV as compared to HalfV	↑
Rogatzki et al. [⁴⁶46. Parraga-Montilla JA, Garcia-Ramos A, Castano-Zambudio A, Capelo-Ramírez F, González-Hernández JM, Cordero-Rodríguezet Y, et al. Acute and Delayed Effects of a Resistance Training Session Leading to Muscular Failure on Mechanical, Metabolic, and Perceptual Responses. J Strength Cond Res. June 2018. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002712 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.000000000000... ]	2014	Study II aimed to describe acute and mechanical metabolic responses to the type of resistance exercise protocols used in Study I.	Squat with overload	Lifting of three loads 55 % (low), 70 % (med) and 85 % (high) of 1RM in one of the four modes given: 4-1-4-1 (4-s concentric, 1-s isometric, 4-s eccentric and 1-s successive isometric actions); 2-1-2-1 (2-s concentric, 1-s isometric), 2-s eccentric and 1-s isometric successive actions); 1-1-1-1 (1-s concentric, 1-s isometric, 1-s eccentric and 1-s successive isometric actions); or MAX (concentric maximum velocity, 1-s isometric, 1-s eccentric and 1-s successive isometric actions).	[La] ↑ (p < 0.005) in muscle endurance. ↑ (p < 0.05) plasma ammonium by over hypertrophy and strength group.	↓ (p < 0.05) in time to complete the 20 km counterclockwise exercise. ↑ (p < 0.01) cycling economy.	↓ in muscle endurance group
Silva et al. [⁴⁷47. Silva RAS, Silva-Júnior FL, Pinheiro FA, Souza PFM, Boullosa DA, Pires FO. Acute prior heavy strength exercise bouts improve the 20-km cycling time trial performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2014;28(9):2513-2520. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000442 https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.000000000000... ]	2014	To determine the metabolic response of resistance exercise in overloaded squats with different training protocols.	Leg press	Muscle resistance performed in 2 series of 20 repetitions at 53% of 1RM with 45 s of rest between the series. Hypertrophy training consisting of 3 series of 10 repetitions at 70% of 1RM with 120 s of rest between the series. For strength, the trainings were 5 series of 5 repetitions at 85% of 1RM with 180s of rest between the series.	[The] and RPE were ns	Total load volume ↑ (P < 0.001) in the afternoon as compared with the morning and evening.	↑
Ammar et al. [⁴⁸48. Andreatta MV, Curty VM, Coutinho JVS, Santos MAA, Vassalo PF, Sousa NF, et al. Cell-Free DNA as an Earlier Predictor of Exercise-Induced Performance Decrement Related to Muscle Damage. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2018;13(7):953-956. doi:10.1123/ijspp.2017-0421 doi https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0421... ]	2015	Check whether a pre-test 5RM strength exercise would improve cycling performance during a 20 km (TT20 km) cycling event.	Olympic weightlifting at different times of day (morning, afternoon, or evening)	Program that involved a rapid gradual increase in the number of jumps, drop height, and depth of squat and weight addition.	RPE ↑ (P < 0.01) in the morning and evening. Lactate dehydrogenase ↑ (P < 0.01) in the morning and evening. CK ↑ (P < 0.05) at three hours of the day. Alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl, and alkaline phosphate ↑ (P < 0.001) in the morning.	Not measured	↑ in the afternoon and ↓ in the morning and evening
Gadruni et al. [²⁴24. Gadruni K, Mahmmadpour H, Gadruni M. Effect of elastic-band exercise on muscle damage and inflammatory responses in taekwondo athletes. Rev Bras Med do Esporte. 2015;21(4):297-301.]	2015	Investigate the performance of an Olympic weightlifting training session three times a day on performance related to biochemical responses.	Elastic exercises with progressive resistance	Subjects performed 36 repetitions at 60% of 1RM with different rest times per group. Short interval condition of short duration (SSSI; 12 series of 3 repetitions with an interval of 27.3 seconds between series); long interval condition of short set (SSLI; 12 series of 3 repetitions with an interval of 60 seconds between series); and long interval (LSLI; 6 series of 6 repetitions with a rest interval of 60 seconds between series).	DOMS and RPE ↑ (P < 0.05). ↑ (P < 0.05) CK, LDH, IL-6 and PCR in sedentary and athletes.	Group to failure, ↓ (p < 0.05) CRGA speed and CMJ	↓
González-Badillo et al. [⁴⁹49. Bartolomei S, Sadres E, Church DD, Arroyo E, Gordon III JA, Varanoske NA, et al. Comparison of the recovery response from high-intensity and high-volume resistance exercise in trained men. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2017;117(7):1287-1298. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3598-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3598-... ]	2016	Investigate the effect of acute cycles of progressive rubber band exercises on muscle damage and inflammatory responses in Taekwondo athletes.	Bench press and squat with overload	Two leg press loads, separated by one week, consisting of 15 sets of 1 maximum repetition (MAX) and 5 sets of 10 maximum repetitions.	[La] ↑ (p < 0.05) In both groups. CK and cortisol ↑ (p < 0.05) in the group with maximum repetitions until failure	1RM ↑ (P < 0.001) in each group	Higher volume versions ↓ performance
Nicholson et al. [¹³13. Nicholson G, Ispoglou T, Bissas A. The impact of repetition mechanics on the adaptations resulting from the strength-, hypertrophy- and cluster-type resistance training. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2016;116(10):1875-1888. doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3439-2 doi https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3439-... ]	2016	Analyze time course of recovery after 2 protocols of resistance exercises that differ in the level of effort: maximum (until failure) versus half the maximum number of repetitions per series.	Squat with overload in maximum strength mode, hypertrophy, or group with more rest, or another group with less volume and total rest.	Conventional resistance training session and a resistance training session with local vibration. In both interventions, the volunteers performed 4 series with the greatest possible number of repetitions of the exercise that could be deployed at 55% of the maximum voluntary contraction. During the vibration resistance training intervention, the vibration was applied locally (20 Hz and 12 mm). During conventional resistance training, volunteers performed the same procedures without vibration.	Maximum strength and hypertrophy training [La] ↑ (p < 0.001); RPE ↑ (p < 0.05) in hypertrophy protocol	The Vmax, Vpro, and Pmax were ns. La Ppro ↓ (p = 0.002).	↑
Ojeda et al. [¹1. Ojeda ÁCH, Ríos LJC, Barrilao RG, Ríos IJC, Serrano PAC. Acute effect of Complex Training protocol on grenade throwing velocity on military pentathletes. Arch Med del Deport. 2016;33(6):367-374.]	2016	Determine the acute effect of Complex Training on bench press on grenade throwing velocity on military pentathletes.	Protocol of complex training in bench press	4 sets of 5 repetitions at 30% one Repetition Maximum (1RM) + 4 repetitions at 60% 1RM + 3 grenade throws with a 15-second rest.	[La] ↑ (p = 0.001)	Not measured	↓
Poton et al. [²²22. Poton R, Polito MD. Hemodynamic response to resistance exercise with and without blood flow restriction in healthy subjects. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2016;36(3):231-236. doi:10.1111/cpf.12218 doi https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12218... ]	2016	To determine the acute effect of a protocol of complex training in press banking on the speed of the launch of the grenade in military pentathletes.	Exercise of force in extension of the knee with or without restriction of blood flow.	(a) 5 series of leg press exercises at 80% of 1RM without vascular occlusion (HI), (b) 5 series of leg press exercises at 40% of 1RM with vascular occlusion (IOL), and (c) 5 series of leg press exercises at 40% of 1RM without vascular occlusion (LI).	HI, HR and diastolic blood pressure↑ (P < 0.05). [La] ↑ (p < 0.05) in LI-BFR and HI. RPE ↑ (p < 0.05) in LI-BFR	1RM ↓ (p < 0.05)	↓
Raeder et al. [³⁹39. Maher CG, Sherrington C, Herbert RD, Moseley AM, Elkins M. Reliability of the PEDro Scale for Rating Quality of Randomized Controlled Trials. Phys Ther. 2003;83(8):713-721. doi:10.1093/ptj/83.8.713 https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/83.8.713... ]	2016	To compare the hemodynamic response during resistance exercise to HI, LI, and LI-BFR in healthy subjects.	6-day intensive strength training	Subjects trained twice a day, in the morning (~9 AM) and the afternoon (~3 PM), on 6 consecutive days. They performed multiple resistance combined with maximum eccentric strength exercises, focusing mainly on the training of the lower extremities.	DOMS, perceived recovery and stress ↑ (p < 0.05). CK ↑ (p < 0.05).	All protocols caused ↓ (p < 0.05) at peak speed	↓
Sabido et al. [⁵5. Sabido R, Penaranda M, Hernandez-Davo JL. Comparison of acute responses to four different hypertrophy-oriented resistance training methodologies. Eur J Hum Mov. 2016;37:109-121.]	2016	Analyze neuromuscular, physiological, and perceptual marker changes for routine evaluation of fatigue and recovery in high endurance strength training.	Strength training with traditional methodology, pyramid, supersets of agonists and super series of agonist pairs	Individualized muscle endurance consisted of 2 sets of 20 repetitions (2 × 20) at 53% of 1RM with a 45-second rest period between sets. The hypertrophy training consisted of 3 × 10 at 70% of 1RM with a 120-second rest period between series. For strength, the workouts were 5 × 5 at 85% of 1RM with a 180-second rest period between sets.	Paired agonist super series caused ↑ (p < 0.05) in [La] and RPE.	CMJ and isometric MVC ↓ (p < 0.001 and p < 0.008, respectively)	↓
Bartolomei et al. [⁵⁰50. Moran-Navarro R, Perez CE, Mora-Rodriguez R, la Cruz-Sanchers E, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ, Sanchez-Medina L, et al. Time course of recovery following resistance training leading or not to failure. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2017;117(12):2387-2399.]	2017	To compare the acute effects of four different resistance training methodologies aimed at hypertrophy.	High intensity overloaded squat and/or high volume overloaded squat	Squat with overload 4 series force of 5RM (potentiation condition)	LDH, CK and Mb ↑ (p < 0.05) in HV and HI. Cortisol and IL-6 ↑ (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively) in HV.	Maximum torque ↓ (p < 0.05) in occlusion training	HV ↓
de Almeida et al. [²³23. de Almeida B, Aidar FJ, de Matos DG, Almeida Junior H, Boaretto SM, Souza RF. Comparison of Traditional Strength Training and Kaatsu Strength Training on Thermal Asymmetry, Fatigue Rate, and Peak Torque. J Exerc Physiol Online. 2017;20(1):1-12. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=121047615⟨=es&site=ehost-live&scope=site. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?d... ]	2017	To compare the variables related to asymmetry, peak torque, and fatigue index in the traditional strength training method and the occlusion training method.	Traditional strength training and occlusion training	Resistance stroke followed immediately by a force load or force session followed by resistance stroke.	Training with occlusion ↑ (p < 0.05) lactate dehydrogenase levels, [La], fatigue index and CK	CMJ, times 50 meters, was ns	↓
Johnston et al. [⁵¹51. Smilios I, Hakkinen K, Tokmakidis SP. Power output and electromyographic activity during and after a moderate load muscular endurance session. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(8):2122-2131. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a5bc44 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a5... ]	2017	To examine the acute effect of the sequence of strength and speed training on neuromuscular, endocrine, and physiological responses for 24 hours.	Strength training followed by speed training and vice versa	5 sets of exercise (i.e., two sets at 85% of 1RM with three repetitions per series and three sets at 90% of 1RM with two repetitions per series).	[La] ↑ (p < 0.05) immediately after speed training. CK, cortisol, testosterone, and DOMS were ns in both protocols.	SJ and CMJ ↓ (p < 0.05) in HI group	=
Andreatta et al. [⁵²52. Gauche E, Couturier A, Lepers R, Michaut A, Rabita G, Hausswirth C. Neuromuscular fatigue following high versus low-intensity eccentric exercise of biceps brachii muscle. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2009;19(6):481-486. doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2009.01.006 doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2009.0... ]	2018	Assess whether cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels increased immediately after light and heavy endurance exercise and whether cfDNA levels are associated with functional muscle capacity up to 48 hours after an exercise session.	Leg press HI and LI	3 series of hip flexion, hip extension, and hip abduction exercises by an elastic band.	[La] ↑ (p < 0.05) in both groups. CK and cfDNA concentration ↑ (p < 0.05) in the HI group	ROM ↓ (p < 0.05) in both groups; however, HI eccentric exercise combined with occlusion was recovered at 24 hours, while no occlusion recovered at 48 hours.	↓ in HI force protocols
Curty et al. [⁵³53. Raeder C, Wiewelhove T, Simola RA, Kellmann M, Meyer T, Pfeiffer M, et al. Assessment of Fatigue and Recovery in Male and Female Athletes After 6 Days of Intensified Strength Training. J Strength Cond Res. 2016;30(12):3412-3427. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001427 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.000000000000... ]	2018	To assess acute effects of eccentric HI exercise combined with occlusion on markers of muscle damage and perceptual and cardiovascular responses.	Eccentric exercise in elbow flexion with occlusion and without occlusion	3 sets of 8 repetitions until failure, while the second protocol was separated by 14 days and consisted of 3 sets by 4 repetitions both protocols at 80% of 1RM	DOMS ↑ (p < 0.05) in eccentric HI exercise combined with occlusion. HR ↑ (p < 0.05) in both groups	Maximum absolute and relative muscle power ↓ (P < 0.0001)	↓ in both protocols, but non-occlusive training presents more durable↓
dos Santos et al. [⁵⁴54. Paulo CA, Roschel H, Ugrinowitsch C, Kobal R, Tricoli V. Influence of different resistance exercise loading schemes on mechanical power output in work to rest ratio - equated and - nonequated conditions. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(5):1308-1312.]	2018	To investigate cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and metabolic responses of physically active subjects during a session of sled drag with resistance (RST).	Sled drag with resistance	Strength (4 × 6 repetitions, 85% of 1RM, 900 s of total rest), hypertrophy (5 × 10 repetitions, 70% of 1RM, 360 s total rest), group 1: 4 × 6 simple repetitions, 85% of 1RM, 1400 s of total rest and group 2: 4 × 6 simple repetitions, 90% of 1RM, 1400 s total rest	HR ↑ (P < 0.05) and [La] ↑ (P < 0.0001)	Distance in grenade launch ↑ (p < 0.05)	↓
Ojeda et al. [²⁹29. Ojeda A, Rios LC, Barrilao RG, Ojeda XH. Behavior of cortisol, CK, and lactate in a session of variable resistance. Rev Bras Med do Esporte. 2018;24(4):268-272.]	2018	Determine the behaviour of blood cortisol, metabolic CK, total CK and [La] after application of a VR protocol (5 × 30% of 1RM + 4 × 60% of 1RM in bench press + 3 pomegranate throws with 15-second pause) at 24 hours after the expenditure of effort.	Variable resistance protocol	Four sets of 5 repetitions at 30% of 1RM + 4 repetitions at 60% of 1RM + 3 pomegranate throws separated by 15 seconds.	[La], cortisol and metabolic CK were ns	Total load volume ↓ (p < 0.05) in 24-hour rest protocol	↑
Miranda et al. [⁵⁵55. Miranda H, Maia M, de Oliveira CG, Farias D, Silva JB, Lima VP, et al. Myoelectric indices of fatigue adopting different rest intervals during leg press sets. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2018;22(1):178-183. doi:S1360-8592(17)30044-X pii https://doi.org/S1360-8592(17)30044-X... ]	2018	Examine the effect of different recovery periods (24, 48, and 72 hours) between repeated resistance training (RT) sessions for upper body muscles on repetitive performance and blood lactate responses in trained men.	Press banking with 24, 48 or 72 hours rest	Three sets of unilateral knee extension exercises in LI-BFR and LI (15 repetitions; 20% of 1RM) and HI (8 repetitions; 80% of 1RM).	[La] ↑ (p < 0.05) in 24-hour rest protocol	Number of repetitions performed ↓ ( p < 0.05) in series 2 and 3. Average propulsion speed of repetitions and CMJ ↓ ( p < 0.05) after 24 and 48 hrs.	↓ in 24-hour rest protocol
Párraga-Montilla et al. [⁵⁶56. Miranda H, Souza JAAA, Scudese E, Paz GA, Salerno VP, Vigario PS, et al. Acute Hormone Responses Subsequent to Agonist-Antagonist Paired Set vs. Traditional Straight Set Resistance Training. J Strength Cond Res. July 2018. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002633 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.000000000000... ]	2018	Explore the acute and delayed effects (24 and 48 hours after exercise) of a resistance training session leading to muscle failure.	Squat with overload until muscle failure	Twice daily training, morning (9 AM) and afternoon (3 PM), on 6 consecutive days, resulting in a total of 11 training sessions (training program consisted of multiple resistance and basic multijump combined with maximum eccentric strength exercises, focusing primarily on parallel squat training).	RPE and [La] ↑ (p < 0.05).	Both protocols produced ↑ (p < 0.05) muscle size and muscle function.	↓
Sieljacks et al. [⁵⁷57. Tufano JJ, Conlon JA, Nimphius S, Oliver JM, Kreutzer A, Haff GG. Different Cluster Sets Result In Similar Metabolic, Endocrine, And Perceptual Responses In Trained Men. J Strength Cond Res. March 2019. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001898 doi https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.000000000000... ]	2018	To compare training with occlusion performed to failure versus occlusion without failure with regard to changes in muscle size, function, and perceptual responses.	Training with occlusion	Traditional, 6 series for 10 repetitions at 70% of 1RM; Super series of agonist pairs, 6 series for 10 repetitions at 70% of 1RM; Super series of agonists, 3 series for 10 repetitions at 60% of 1RM; Pyramid, 6 series for 6, 8, 10, and 12 repetitions at 80%, 75%, 70%, and 70% of 1RM, respectively.	RPE and DOMS ↓ (p < 0.05) in occlusion without failure as compared to occlusion until failure.	Not measured	↓ in occlusion up to judgment by over a protocol of occlusion without judgment
Wertheimer et al. [¹⁹19. Wertheimer V, Antekolovic L, Matkovic BR. Muscle damage indicators after the land and aquatic plyometric training programmes. Montenegrin J Sport Sci Med. 2018;7(1):13-19. doi:10.26773/mjssm.180302 https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.180302... ]	2018	To compare the muscle stress of serum urea and indicators of lactate dehydrogenase and CK muscle damage after eight weeks of plyometric training. Training program conducted in water and on land.	Plyometric training in water and/or on soil	HI protocol was composed of eight sets of three at 90% of 1-RM repeats. The recovery time between the series was 3 min. During the protocol, HV was composed of eight series of ten repetitions at 70% of 1RM. The recovery time between series was 1.25 min.	Lactate dehydrogenase was ns for both protocols. Serum urea ↑ (p < 0.05) for the ground group. Ground plyometry ↑ (p < 0.05) in CK activity as compared with water.	↓ (p = 0.026) on the average speed loss in protocol of short rest duration	It is stated that the plyometric group in water presents fewer indicators of muscle damage.
Tufano et al. [⁵⁸58. Ammar A, Chtourou H, Trabelsi K, Padulo J, Turki M, El Abed K, et al. Temporal specificity of training: intra-day effects on biochemical responses and Olympic-Weightlifting performances. J Sports Sci. 2015;33(4):358-368. doi:10.1080/02640414.2014.944559 https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.94... ]	2019	Compare kinematic, metabolic, endocrine, and perceptual responses of three backward squat protocols with equal loads, number of repetitions, and the total duration of rest.	Squat with an overload of different resting protocols	Traditional strength training protocol consisted of four series of 8 to 12 1RM with the execution speed of one second in the concentric phase and for 2 seconds in the eccentric phase with an interval of 90 seconds between the series. Whereas, the protocol with occlusion consisted of 4 series of 8 to 12 MRIs with blood flow restriction.	All rest protocols led to ↑ (p < 0.05) RPE and [La], which remained elevated up to 30 minutes after exercise.	1RM and CMJ were ns	↓ when the protocol had a short rest period

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[1] Corresponding author:
Guillermo D. Barahona-Fuentes Camino del Sol 2.300, Condominio Paso Hondo IV, Casa H1, Quilpué, Chile. Mobile phone: +56963989823 E-mail: danielbarahonaf@gmail.com