A systematic review of load control in football using a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)

Principe, Vitor Ayres; Vale, Rodrigo Gomes de Souza; Nunes, Rodolfo de Alkmim Moreira

doi:10.1590/S1980-65742020000400059

Vitor Ayres Principe

Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Exercício e do Esporte, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil;

Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Exercício e Esportes (LABEES), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil;

Universidade Estácio de Sá, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9358-2115

Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale

Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Exercício e do Esporte, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil;

Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Exercício e Esportes (LABEES), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil;

Universidade Estácio de Sá, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3049-8773

Rodolfo de Alkmim Moreira Nunes

Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Exercício e do Esporte, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil;

Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Exercício e Esportes (LABEES), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil;

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9707-2649

Corresponding author:
Vitor Ayres Principe Instituto de Educação Física e Desportos (IEFD), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Pavilhão João Lira Filho, Bloco F, 9º andar, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, 20550-900. Telephone: +55 (21) 2334-0639. E-mail: vitorprin@gmail.com

Criteria		Definition	Scoring
Criteria		Definition	0	1	2
A	Peer-reviewed	A study published in a peer-reviewed journal	No	Yes
B	Number of participants	Number of players included in study findings	<5	5-50	>50
C	Population defined	Age, gender, sport, participation level, and experience stated	No	Partly	Yes
D	Training or competition load described	Training or competition is undertaken during the study period	No	Partly	Yes
E	GPS use	The use of GPS was described	No	Yes

HDOP Level	Quality / Signals		Description
< 1	Ideal	^^	Maximum accuracy possible all times
1-2	Excellent	^	Accurate measurements
2-5	Good	>	Measurements with appropriate precision
5-10	Moderate	<=>	Moderate quality recommended fixing
10-20	Weak	V	Consider discarding all data
>20	Poor	VV	Very low accuracy, errors can be found at around 300m

Authors	Gender	Number of Players (Age)	Context	Risk of Bias
Authors	Gender	Number of Players (Age)	Context	A	B	C	D	E	Total
Abbott et al. (2018)²²22. Rampinini E, Alberti G, Fiorenza M, Riggio M, Sassi R, Borges TO, et al. Accuracy of GPS devices for measuring high-intensity running in field-based team sports. Int J Sports Med 2015; 36: 49-53.	M	46 (19.1 ± 1.2)	U23 Premier League Academy	1	1	2	2	1	7
Abbott et al. (2018)²³23. Scott M, Scott T, Kelly V. The Validity and Reliability of Global Positioning Systems in Team Sport: A Brief Review. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30: 1470-1490.	M	31 (19.4 ± 1.7)	U23 Premier League Academy	1	1	2	2	1	7
Abbott et al. (2018)²⁴24. Feng C, Wang H, Lu N, He H, Lu Y, et al. Log-transformation and its implications for data analysis. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry 2014; 26: 105-109.	M	19 (18.2 ± 1.1)	U21 Premier League Academy	1	1	2	2	1	7
Abbott et al. (2018)²⁵25. Abbott W, Brickley G, Smeeton NJ. Positional differences in GPS outputs and perceived exertion during soccer training games and competition. 2018. Epub ahead of print 2018.	M	37 (19.9 ± 1.4)	U23 Premier League Academy	1	1	2	2	1	7
Beato et al. (2019)²⁹29. Fitzpatrick JF, Hicks KM, Hayes PR. Dose-response relationship between training load and changes in aerobic fitness in professional youth soccer players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2018; 13: 1365-1370.	M/F	20 (21.0 ± 2.0)	University Students	1	1	2	2	1	7
Beato et al. (2018)⁴⁰40. Zhang Q, Chen Z, Rong F, Cui Y. Preliminary Availability Assessment of Multi-GNSS: A Global Scale Analysis. IEEE Access 2019; 7: 146813-146820.	M	15 (20.0 ± 1.0)	University Students	1	1	2	2	1	7
Curtis et al. (2018)³⁰30. Ramos GP, Nakamura FY, Pereira LA, Junior WB, Mahseredjian F, Wilke CF, et al. Movement Patterns of a U-20 National Women's Soccer Team during Competitive Matches: Influence of Playing Position and Performance in the First Half. Int J Sports Med 2017; 38: 747-754.	M	18 (20 ± 1)	NCAA Division I	1	1	2	2	1	7
Fitzpatrick et al. (2018)²⁹29. Fitzpatrick JF, Hicks KM, Hayes PR. Dose-response relationship between training load and changes in aerobic fitness in professional youth soccer players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2018; 13: 1365-1370.	M	14 (17.1 ± 0.5)	U18 Premier League	1	1	2	2	1	7
Jaspers et al. (2018)³¹31. Ramos GP, Nakamura FY, Penna EM, Wilke CF, Pereira LA, Loturco I, et al. Activity Profiles in U17, U20, and Senior Women's Brazilian National Soccer Teams During International Competitions: Are There Meaningful Differences? J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33: 3414-3422.	M	35 (23.2 ± 3.7)	Netherlands First league	1	1	2	2	1	7
Jones et al. (2019)³⁴34. Jaspers A, Kuyvenhoven JP, Staes F, Frencken WGP, Helsen WF, Brink MS. Examination of the external and internal load indicators' association with overuse injuries in professional soccer players. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21: 579-585.	M	37 (23 ± 4)	English Football League One	1	1	2	2	1	7
Knight et al. (2015)¹⁷17. Varley MC, Jaspers A, Helsen WF, Malone JJ. Methodological considerations when quantifying high-intensity efforts in a team sport using global positioning system technology. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2017; 12: 1059-1068.	M	14 (22 ± 4.1)	Australian domestic	1	1	2	2	1	7
Kyprianou et al. (2019)⁴¹41. Park LAF, Scott D, Lovell R. Velocity zone classification in elite women's football: where do we draw the lines? Sci Med Footb 2019; 3: 21-28.	M	12 (16.3 ± 0.8)	Elite youth football academy	1	1	2	2	1	7
Madison et al. (2018)¹⁶16. Horsley T, Dingwall O, Tetzlaff JM, et al. Checking reference lists to find additional studies for systematic reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Epub ahead of print 2009. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.MR000026. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.MR00002...	M	10 (23 ± 5)	NR¹1. Weston M. Training load monitoring in elite English soccer: a comparison of practices and perceptions between coaches and practitioners. Sci Med Footb 2018; 2: 216-224.	1	1	2	2	1	7
Massard et al. (2018)⁴²42. Wu S, Liu Y, Liu L, Wang M. The Distributions of HDOP and VDOP in GNSS and a Corresponding New Algorithm of Fast Selecting Satellites. In: China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC) 2012 Proceedings, pp. 445-453.	M	23 (21.4 ± 3.8)	Australian Tier 2 club	1	1	2	2	1	7
Meylan et al. (2017)³³33. Curtis R, Huggins R, Looney D, West AC, Fortunati A, Fortaine GJ, et al. Match Demands of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Men's Soccer. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32: 2907-2917.	F	20 (18.2 ± 0.7)	U20 women's national team	1	1	2	2	1	7
Park et al. (2019)³⁸38. Gauthier-Villars. Comptes rendus des séances de la onzième conférence générale des poids et mesures. Paris, 1960.	F	27(24.6 ± 3.8)	USA women team	1	1	2	2	1	7
Rago et al. (2019)³²32. Beato M, De Keijzer KL, Carty B, Connor M. Monitoring fatigue during intermittent exercise with accelerometer-derived metrics. Front Physiol; 10. Epub ahead of print 2019.	M	13 (25.8 ± 3.5)	Italy's second-tier league	1	1	2	2	1	7
Ramos et al. (2019)²⁸28. Abbott W, Brickley G, Smeeton NJ. Physical demands of playing position within English Premier League academy soccer. J Hum Sport Exerc 2018; 13: 285-295.	F	17 (15.6 ± 0.5) 14 (18.1 ± 0.8) 17 (27 ± 4.5)	Brazilian national teams	1	1	2	2	1	7
Ramos et al. (2017)²⁷27. Abbott W, Brickley G, Smeeton NJ. An individual approach to monitoring locomotive training load in English Premier League academy soccer players. Int J Sport Sci Coach 2018; 13: 421-428.	F	12 (18 ± 0.7)	U20 women's Brazilian team	1	1	2	2	1	7
Scott et al. (2018)²2. Scott D, Lovell R. Individualisation of speed thresholds does not enhance the dose-response determination in football training. J Sports Sci 2018; 36: 1523-1532.	F	22 (21.9 to 39.5)	NR²	1	1	2	2	1	7
Trewin et al. (2018)¹⁵15. Saw AE, Main LC, Gastin PB. Monitoring the athlete training response?: subjective self-reported measures trump commonly used objective measures?: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2016; 50: 281-291.	F	45 (NR)	NR³	1	1	1	1	1	5
All studies mean				1	1	1.95	1.95	1	6.9

Authors	Duration	Training Session						Matches
Authors	Duration	PC	TeP	TP	SSG	D	RC	F	C	O
Abbott et al. (2018)²²22. Rampinini E, Alberti G, Fiorenza M, Riggio M, Sassi R, Borges TO, et al. Accuracy of GPS devices for measuring high-intensity running in field-based team sports. Int J Sports Med 2015; 36: 49-53.	August 2016 to May 2017					YES
Abbott et al. (2018)²³23. Scott M, Scott T, Kelly V. The Validity and Reliability of Global Positioning Systems in Team Sport: A Brief Review. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30: 1470-1490.	4 weeks in the pre-season period	YES	YES	YES	YES		YES	YES
Abbott et al. (2018)²⁴24. Feng C, Wang H, Lu N, He H, Lu Y, et al. Log-transformation and its implications for data analysis. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry 2014; 26: 105-109.	6 weeks in the pre-season period	YES						YES
Abbott et al. (2018)²⁵25. Abbott W, Brickley G, Smeeton NJ. Positional differences in GPS outputs and perceived exertion during soccer training games and competition. 2018. Epub ahead of print 2018.	6 weeks in the pre-season period	YES	YES					YES
Beato et al. (2019)²⁹29. Fitzpatrick JF, Hicks KM, Hayes PR. Dose-response relationship between training load and changes in aerobic fitness in professional youth soccer players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2018; 13: 1365-1370.	Data recorded in 2018	YES
Beato et al. (2018)⁴⁰40. Zhang Q, Chen Z, Rong F, Cui Y. Preliminary Availability Assessment of Multi-GNSS: A Global Scale Analysis. IEEE Access 2019; 7: 146813-146820.	NR	YES				YES
Curtis et al. (2018)³⁰30. Ramos GP, Nakamura FY, Pereira LA, Junior WB, Mahseredjian F, Wilke CF, et al. Movement Patterns of a U-20 National Women's Soccer Team during Competitive Matches: Influence of Playing Position and Performance in the First Half. Int J Sports Med 2017; 38: 747-754.	2015 (August to November)									YES
Fitzpatrick et al. (2018)²⁹29. Fitzpatrick JF, Hicks KM, Hayes PR. Dose-response relationship between training load and changes in aerobic fitness in professional youth soccer players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2018; 13: 1365-1370.	6 weeks (August-September)								YES
Jaspers et al. (2018)³¹31. Ramos GP, Nakamura FY, Penna EM, Wilke CF, Pereira LA, Loturco I, et al. Activity Profiles in U17, U20, and Senior Women's Brazilian National Soccer Teams During International Competitions: Are There Meaningful Differences? J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33: 3414-3422.	2 seasons 2014-2015 and 2015-2016								YES
Jones et al. (2019)³⁴34. Jaspers A, Kuyvenhoven JP, Staes F, Frencken WGP, Helsen WF, Brink MS. Examination of the external and internal load indicators' association with overuse injuries in professional soccer players. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21: 579-585.	2 seasons 2015-2016 and 2016-2017								YES
Knight et al. (2015)¹⁷17. Varley MC, Jaspers A, Helsen WF, Malone JJ. Methodological considerations when quantifying high-intensity efforts in a team sport using global positioning system technology. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2017; 12: 1059-1068.	NR				YES	YES
Kyprianou et al. (2019)⁴¹41. Park LAF, Scott D, Lovell R. Velocity zone classification in elite women's football: where do we draw the lines? Sci Med Footb 2019; 3: 21-28.	8 training sessions per week								YES
Madison et al. (2018)¹⁶16. Horsley T, Dingwall O, Tetzlaff JM, et al. Checking reference lists to find additional studies for systematic reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Epub ahead of print 2009. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.MR000026. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.MR00002...	4 weeks				YES
Massard et al. (2018)⁴²42. Wu S, Liu Y, Liu L, Wang M. The Distributions of HDOP and VDOP in GNSS and a Corresponding New Algorithm of Fast Selecting Satellites. In: China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC) 2012 Proceedings, pp. 445-453.	Pre-season	YES								YES
Meylan et al. (2017)³³33. Curtis R, Huggins R, Looney D, West AC, Fortunati A, Fortaine GJ, et al. Match Demands of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Men's Soccer. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32: 2907-2917.	34 games							YES
Park et al. (2019)³⁸38. Gauthier-Villars. Comptes rendus des séances de la onzième conférence générale des poids et mesures. Paris, 1960.	Games between 2012 and 2015									YES
Rago et al. (2019)³²32. Beato M, De Keijzer KL, Carty B, Connor M. Monitoring fatigue during intermittent exercise with accelerometer-derived metrics. Front Physiol; 10. Epub ahead of print 2019.	15-25 training sessions	YES	YES	YES				YES
Ramos et al. (2019)²⁸28. Abbott W, Brickley G, Smeeton NJ. Physical demands of playing position within English Premier League academy soccer. J Hum Sport Exerc 2018; 13: 285-295.	Official international competitions									YES
Ramos et al. (2017)²⁷27. Abbott W, Brickley G, Smeeton NJ. An individual approach to monitoring locomotive training load in English Premier League academy soccer players. Int J Sport Sci Coach 2018; 13: 421-428.	U-20 South American Championship									YES
Scott et al. (2018)²2. Scott D, Lovell R. Individualisation of speed thresholds does not enhance the dose-response determination in football training. J Sports Sci 2018; 36: 1523-1532.	1-day training camp	YES
Trewin et al. (2018)¹⁵15. Saw AE, Main LC, Gastin PB. Monitoring the athlete training response?: subjective self-reported measures trump commonly used objective measures?: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2016; 50: 281-291.	NR									YES

Authors	GPS
Authors	Company	Model	Frequency	Number of Satellite	HDOP	Software
Abbott et al. (2018)²²22. Rampinini E, Alberti G, Fiorenza M, Riggio M, Sassi R, Borges TO, et al. Accuracy of GPS devices for measuring high-intensity running in field-based team sports. Int J Sports Med 2015; 36: 49-53.	Catapult	Minimax 4.0 / GPS	10Hz	> 12	<1 ⇑⇑ (ideal quality)	Sprint 5.1.5
Abbott et al. (2018)²³23. Scott M, Scott T, Kelly V. The Validity and Reliability of Global Positioning Systems in Team Sport: A Brief Review. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30: 1470-1490.	Catapult	OptimEye S5B / GPS	10Hz	15 ± 1	0.8 ± 1 ⇑⇑ (ideal quality)	Sprint 5.1.5
Abbott et al. (2018)²⁴24. Feng C, Wang H, Lu N, He H, Lu Y, et al. Log-transformation and its implications for data analysis. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry 2014; 26: 105-109.	Catapult	OptimEye S5B / GPS	10Hz	15 ± 1	0.7 ± 1 ⇑⇑ (ideal quality)	Sprint 5.1.5
Abbott et al. (2018)²⁵25. Abbott W, Brickley G, Smeeton NJ. Positional differences in GPS outputs and perceived exertion during soccer training games and competition. 2018. Epub ahead of print 2018.	Catapult	OptimEye S5B / GPS	10Hz	14.7 ± 1.8	0.8 ± 0.1 ⇑⇑ (ideal quality)	Sprint 5.1.5
Beato et al. (2019)²⁹29. Fitzpatrick JF, Hicks KM, Hayes PR. Dose-response relationship between training load and changes in aerobic fitness in professional youth soccer players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2018; 13: 1365-1370.	STATsports	Apex / multi-GNSS	10Hz 18Hz	18 ± 2	0.4 ± 0 ⇑⇑ (ideal quality)	Apex 2.0.2.4 Apex 5.0
Beato et al. (2018)⁴⁰40. Zhang Q, Chen Z, Rong F, Cui Y. Preliminary Availability Assessment of Multi-GNSS: A Global Scale Analysis. IEEE Access 2019; 7: 146813-146820.	STATsports	Apex / multi-GNSS	10Hz	18 ± 2	0.4 ± 0 ⇑⇑ (ideal quality)	Apex 2.0.2.4
Curtis et al. (2018)³⁰30. Ramos GP, Nakamura FY, Pereira LA, Junior WB, Mahseredjian F, Wilke CF, et al. Movement Patterns of a U-20 National Women's Soccer Team during Competitive Matches: Influence of Playing Position and Performance in the First Half. Int J Sports Med 2017; 38: 747-754.	Catapult	Minimax 4.0 / GPS	10Hz	9 ± 3	1.6 ± 1.3 ⇑⇑ (ideal quality)	Logan Plus 5.1.7
Fitzpatrick et al. (2018)²⁹29. Fitzpatrick JF, Hicks KM, Hayes PR. Dose-response relationship between training load and changes in aerobic fitness in professional youth soccer players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2018; 13: 1365-1370.	Catapult	Minimax S4 / GPS	10Hz	14.4 ± 0.5	0.81 ± 0.10 ⇑⇑ (ideal quality)	Sprint 5.1.7
Jaspers et al. (2018)³¹31. Ramos GP, Nakamura FY, Penna EM, Wilke CF, Pereira LA, Loturco I, et al. Activity Profiles in U17, U20, and Senior Women's Brazilian National Soccer Teams During International Competitions: Are There Meaningful Differences? J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33: 3414-3422.	Catapult	Minimax S4 / GPS OptimEye S5 / GPS	10Hz	≥ 8	< 1.5 ⇑ (excellent quality)	Sprint 5.1.7
Jones et al. (2019)³⁴34. Jaspers A, Kuyvenhoven JP, Staes F, Frencken WGP, Helsen WF, Brink MS. Examination of the external and internal load indicators' association with overuse injuries in professional soccer players. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21: 579-585.	Catapult	Optimeye X4 /GPS	10Hz	≥ 6	< 1.5 ⇑ (excellent quality)	Sprint 5.1.7 Openfiel 1.11.2
Knight et al. (2015)¹⁷17. Varley MC, Jaspers A, Helsen WF, Malone JJ. Methodological considerations when quantifying high-intensity efforts in a team sport using global positioning system technology. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2017; 12: 1059-1068.	Catapult	Minimax/ GPS	5Hz	> 5	< 8 ⇑⇑ (ideal quality)	Logan Plus 4.4.0
Kyprianou et al. (2019)⁴¹41. Park LAF, Scott D, Lovell R. Velocity zone classification in elite women's football: where do we draw the lines? Sci Med Footb 2019; 3: 21-28.	Catapult	OptimEye S5/ GPS	10Hz	12.0 ± 0.0	0.68 ± 0.04 ⇑⇑ (ideal quality)	Openfield 1.21.1
Madison et al. (2018)¹⁶16. Horsley T, Dingwall O, Tetzlaff JM, et al. Checking reference lists to find additional studies for systematic reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Epub ahead of print 2009. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.MR000026. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.MR00002...	STATsports	Apex / multi-GNSS	18Hz	16 to 20	0.54 ± 0.20 ⇑⇑ (ideal quality)	Apex 2.1.0.4
Massard et al. (2018)⁴²42. Wu S, Liu Y, Liu L, Wang M. The Distributions of HDOP and VDOP in GNSS and a Corresponding New Algorithm of Fast Selecting Satellites. In: China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC) 2012 Proceedings, pp. 445-453.	Catapult	Minimax S4 / GPS	10Hz	≥ 9	< 1.25 ⇑⇑ (ideal quality)	Sprint 5.1.7
Meylan et al. (2017)³³33. Curtis R, Huggins R, Looney D, West AC, Fortunati A, Fortaine GJ, et al. Match Demands of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Men's Soccer. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32: 2907-2917.	Catapult	Minimax S4 / GPS	10Hz	11.9 ± 1.2	0.96 ± 0.10 ⇑⇑ (ideal quality)	Sprint 5.1.0.1
Park et al. (2019)³⁸38. Gauthier-Villars. Comptes rendus des séances de la onzième conférence générale des poids et mesures. Paris, 1960.	Catapult	Minimax S4 / GPS	10Hz	8 to 14	> 2.0 (no precision)	Sprint 5.1.7
Rago et al. (2019)³²32. Beato M, De Keijzer KL, Carty B, Connor M. Monitoring fatigue during intermittent exercise with accelerometer-derived metrics. Front Physiol; 10. Epub ahead of print 2019.	QStarz	BT-Q1000 EX / GPS	10Hz	14 ± 1	0.7 ± 0.1 ⇑⇑ (ideal quality)	NR
Ramos et al. (2019)²⁸28. Abbott W, Brickley G, Smeeton NJ. Physical demands of playing position within English Premier League academy soccer. J Hum Sport Exerc 2018; 13: 285-295.	Catapult	Minimax S5/ GPS	10Hz	12.4 ± 0.5	0.75 ± 0.3 ⇑⇑ (ideal quality)	Openfield
Ramos et al. (2017)²⁷27. Abbott W, Brickley G, Smeeton NJ. An individual approach to monitoring locomotive training load in English Premier League academy soccer players. Int J Sport Sci Coach 2018; 13: 421-428.	Catapult	Minimax S5/ GPS	10Hz	15.5 ± 0.5	0.75 ± 0.3 ⇑⇑ (ideal quality)	NR
Scott et al. (2018)²2. Scott D, Lovell R. Individualisation of speed thresholds does not enhance the dose-response determination in football training. J Sports Sci 2018; 36: 1523-1532.	Catapult	OptimEye S5/ GPS	10Hz	12.7 ± 0.7	0.90 ± 0.14 ⇑⇑ (ideal quality)	Openfield 1.14.0
Trewin et al. (2018)¹⁵15. Saw AE, Main LC, Gastin PB. Monitoring the athlete training response?: subjective self-reported measures trump commonly used objective measures?: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2016; 50: 281-291.	Catapult	Minimax S4 / GPS	10Hz	12.1 ± 0.4	0.94 ± 0.04 ⇑⇑ (ideal quality)	Sprint 5.1

Authors	Methods	Software
Abbott et al. (2018)²²22. Rampinini E, Alberti G, Fiorenza M, Riggio M, Sassi R, Borges TO, et al. Accuracy of GPS devices for measuring high-intensity running in field-based team sports. Int J Sports Med 2015; 36: 49-53.	KS, SW, S, K e 2wA	IBM SPSS Statistics 22
Abbott et al. (2018)²³23. Scott M, Scott T, Kelly V. The Validity and Reliability of Global Positioning Systems in Team Sport: A Brief Review. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30: 1470-1490.	KS, SW, S, K, 2wA e C	IBM SPSS Statistics 22
Abbott et al. (2018)²⁴24. Feng C, Wang H, Lu N, He H, Lu Y, et al. Log-transformation and its implications for data analysis. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry 2014; 26: 105-109.	KS, SW, W, B e C	IBM SPSS Statistics 22
Abbott et al. (2018)²⁵25. Abbott W, Brickley G, Smeeton NJ. Positional differences in GPS outputs and perceived exertion during soccer training games and competition. 2018. Epub ahead of print 2018.	KS, SW, S, K, 2wA, B e C	IBM SPSS Statistics 22
Beato et al. (2019)²⁹29. Fitzpatrick JF, Hicks KM, Hayes PR. Dose-response relationship between training load and changes in aerobic fitness in professional youth soccer players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2018; 13: 1365-1370.	SW e C	IBM SPSS Statistics 20
Beato et al. (2018)⁴⁰40. Zhang Q, Chen Z, Rong F, Cui Y. Preliminary Availability Assessment of Multi-GNSS: A Global Scale Analysis. IEEE Access 2019; 7: 146813-146820.	BS e t-T	JASP 0.9.1
Curtis et al. (2018)³⁰30. Ramos GP, Nakamura FY, Pereira LA, Junior WB, Mahseredjian F, Wilke CF, et al. Movement Patterns of a U-20 National Women's Soccer Team during Competitive Matches: Influence of Playing Position and Performance in the First Half. Int J Sports Med 2017; 38: 747-754.	WT e TK	R Studio 3.2.5
Fitzpatrick et al. (2018)²⁹29. Fitzpatrick JF, Hicks KM, Hayes PR. Dose-response relationship between training load and changes in aerobic fitness in professional youth soccer players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2018; 13: 1365-1370.	LR, P e C	NR
Jaspers et al. (2018)³¹31. Ramos GP, Nakamura FY, Penna EM, Wilke CF, Pereira LA, Loturco I, et al. Activity Profiles in U17, U20, and Senior Women's Brazilian National Soccer Teams During International Competitions: Are There Meaningful Differences? J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33: 3414-3422.	GEE	IBM SPSS Statistics 24
Jones et al. (2019)³⁴34. Jaspers A, Kuyvenhoven JP, Staes F, Frencken WGP, Helsen WF, Brink MS. Examination of the external and internal load indicators' association with overuse injuries in professional soccer players. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21: 579-585.	LMM e C	IBM SPSS Statistics 22
Knight et al. (2015)¹⁷17. Varley MC, Jaspers A, Helsen WF, Malone JJ. Methodological considerations when quantifying high-intensity efforts in a team sport using global positioning system technology. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2017; 12: 1059-1068.	B e C	IBM SPSS Statistics 19
Kyprianou et al. (2019)⁴¹41. Park LAF, Scott D, Lovell R. Velocity zone classification in elite women's football: where do we draw the lines? Sci Med Footb 2019; 3: 21-28.	TOST	R (3.4.1)
Madison et al. (2018)¹⁶16. Horsley T, Dingwall O, Tetzlaff JM, et al. Checking reference lists to find additional studies for systematic reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Epub ahead of print 2009. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.MR000026. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.MR00002...	2wA, B, t-T e C	IBM SPSS Statistics 22
Massard et al. (2018)⁴²42. Wu S, Liu Y, Liu L, Wang M. The Distributions of HDOP and VDOP in GNSS and a Corresponding New Algorithm of Fast Selecting Satellites. In: China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC) 2012 Proceedings, pp. 445-453.	LMM, P, RE e SD	IBM SPSS Statistics 23
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[1] Corresponding author:
Vitor Ayres Principe Instituto de Educação Física e Desportos (IEFD), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Pavilhão João Lira Filho, Bloco F, 9º andar, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, 20550-900. Telephone: +55 (21) 2334-0639. E-mail: vitorprin@gmail.com

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A systematic review of load control in football using a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)

Abstract

Aim:

Method:

Results:

Conclusion: