The Effect of Composition, Temperature and Post-Irradiation Curing of Bulk Fill Resin Composites on Polymerization Efficiency

Dionysopoulos, Dimitrios; Tolidis, Kosmas; Gerasimou, Paris

doi:10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2015-0614

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Articles • Mat. Res. 19 (2) • Mar-Apr 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2015-0614 copy

The Effect of Composition, Temperature and Post-Irradiation Curing of Bulk Fill Resin Composites on Polymerization Efficiency

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objectives:

To evaluate the polymerization efficiency of bulk fill resin-based composites (RBCs) and how their composition, temperature and post-irradiation polymerization influence the results.

Methods and Materials:

Eight bulk fill RBCs were investigated. Five specimens for each material were prepared for Vickers hardness measurements. The measurements were performed in three depths from the top of the surface of the specimens (0, 2 or 4 mm) immediately and 24 h after polymerization and for the highly viscous bulk fill RBCs after preheating at 54^oC. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests ata=0.05.

Results:

As the depth increases microhardness values reduce. The Vickers hardness measurements 24 h after photo-polymerization revealed higher values compared to those obtained immediately after photo-polymerization(p<0.05). There was an increase in microhardness of the RBC materials when preheated at 54^oC in comparison with the room temperature specimens (p<0.05).

Conclusions:

Polymerization efficiency of bulk fill RBCs is affected by their composition and increases with temperature and post-irradiation polymerization.

Keywords:
Bulk fill resin composites; Resin composite preheating; post-irradiation polymerization; Vickers hardness

Material	Type	Shade	Organic matrix	Filler load wt% (vol%)	Photoinitiators	Manufacturer	Lot number
Tetric EvoCeram Bulk fill	Nanohybrid Bulk fill	Universal A shade (IVA)	Bis-GMA, UDMA, Bis-EMA	80% (61%)	CQ, TPO, Ivocerin	Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Lichtenstein	R56348
Beautifil Bulk Restorative	Giomer bulk fill	Universal	Bis-GMA, UDMA, Bis-MPEPP, TEGDMA	87% (74.5%)	CQ	Shofu Inc, Kyoto, Japan	01131701
X-tra fill	Bulk fill	Universal	Bis-GMA, UDMA, TEGDMA	86% (70.1%)	N/A	Voco GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany	1311472
EverX Posterior	Fiber-reinforced bulk fill	Universal	Bis-GMA, PMMA, TEGDMA	74.2% (53.6%)	CQ, DMAEMA	GC Corp, Tokyo, Japan	1308222
Venus Bulk Fill	Flowable bulk fill	Universal	UDMA EBADMA	65% (38%)	TPO	Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany	010032
Beautifil Bulk Flowable	Flowable giomer bulk fill	Universal	Bis-GMA, UDMA, Bis-MPEPP, TEGDMA	72.5% (62%)	CQ	Shofu Inc, Kyoto, Japan	09121301
X-tra base	Flowable bulk fill	Universal	UDMA, Bis-EMA	75% (58%)	N/A	Voco GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany	1310371
Filtek Bulk Fill	Flowable bulk fill	Universal	Bis-GMA, UDMA, TEGDMA	64.5% (42.5%)	CQ, EDMAB	3Μ ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA	N421893
Filtek Z550	Nanohybrid	A2	Bis-GMA, UDMA, Bis-EMA, PEGDMA, TEGDMA	82% (68%)	CQ	3Μ ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA	N407730

0 mm depth	%VHN increase after 24h	%VHN increase after preheating	%VHN of the top surface (immediately)	%VHN of the top surface (after 24h)	%VHN of the top surface (after preheating)
Materials	%VHN increase after 24h	%VHN increase after preheating	%VHN of the top surface (immediately)	%VHN of the top surface (after 24h)	%VHN of the top surface (after preheating)
FZ	3.32%^*	1.12%	-	-	-
XF	15.11%^*	5.15%^*	-	-	-
EXP	6.61%^*	5.26%^*	-	-	-
BBR	6.73%^*	2.79%	-	-	-
TEB	4.37%	5.24%^*	-	-	-
BBF	9.39%^*	-	-	-	-
XB	12.34%^*	-	-	-	-
VB	4.43%	-	-	-	-
FB	17.64%^*	-	-	-	-
2 mm depth	%VHN increase after 24h	%VHN increase after preheating	%VHN of the top surface (immediately)	%VHN of the top surface (after 24h)	%VHN of the top surface (after preheating)
Materials	%VHN increase after 24h	%VHN increase after preheating	%VHN of the top surface (immediately)	%VHN of the top surface (after 24h)	%VHN of the top surface (after preheating)
FZ	5.90%^*	13.92%^*	84.08%	86.39%	99.23%
XF	4.76%	2.28%	101.02%	90.04%	87.40%
EXP	12.47%^*	3.63%	83.24%	88.81%	87.30%
BBR	3.81%	18.58%^*	85.61%	83.02%	99.13%
TEB	10.51%^*	8.00%^*	82.63%	88.30%	90.94%
BBF	13.24%^*	-	75.61%	78.96%	-
XB	8.50%^*	-	99.40%	95.22%	-
VB	8.64%	-	91.90%	96.13%	-
FB	20.31%^*	-	81.34%	81.21%	-
4 mm depth	%VHN increase after 24h	%VHN increase after preheating	%VHN of the top surface (immediately)	%VHN of the top surface (after 24h)	%VHN of the top surface (after preheating)
Materials	%VHN increase after 24h	%VHN increase after preheating	%VHN of the top surface (immediately)	%VHN of the top surface (after 24h)	%VHN of the top surface (after preheating)
FZ	5.93%	1.38%	30.89%	31.74%	31.79%
XF	1.27%	7.02%^*	89.26%	76.74%	78.29%
EXP	5.50%	7.11%^*	80.16%	79.22%	80.80%
BBR	7.50%^*	2.78%	60.29%	60.79%	60.78%
TEB	8.86%^*	11.82%^*	61.41%	64.44%	69.25%
BBF	13.34%^*	-	59.26%	61.96%	-
XB	9.95%^*	-	84.71%	82.50%	-
VB	6.69%	-	83.48%	85.50%	-
FB	1.61%	-	70.16%	58.73%	-

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