THE POLITICS OF EVALUATING CANNABIS REGULATION IN URUGUAY

FIORE, MAURICIO; PEREIRA, PAULO

doi:10.25091/s01013300202100010005

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ARTICLE • Novos estud. CEBRAP 40 (1) • Jan-Apr 2021 • https://doi.org/10.25091/s01013300202100010005 copy

THE POLITICS OF EVALUATING CANNABIS REGULATION IN URUGUAY¹ 1 This research was funded by the Brazilian Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, CNPq), process no. 432393/2016-1, and by the Plano de Incentivo à Pesquisa (Research Incentive Plan, PIPEq) of the Pontífica Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP), process no. 6529/2018-1.

A régua política das avaliações da regulamentação da Cannabis no Uruguai

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Evaluation of the impacts of recent cannabis regulation policies includes important political dimensions and should not be reduced either to binary verdicts of success versus failure, or to a unidimensional assessment criteria. Based on the Uruguayan case, the article discusses the complexity of evaluating the results of cannabis regulation, assessing, among other aspects, the political dynamics surrounding implementation. In the case presented, the predominance of concerns about crime and public security was a decisive factor.

KEYWORDS:
Uruguay; Cannabis Regulation; Policy Evaluation; Public Security; Crime

Group	Criteria	Definition
Health	Reduces user harms	Prevents medical harms to a user resulting from consumption of intended substance; includes blood-borne viruses (BBV)
	Reduces harms to others	Prevents health harms to third parties due to either indirect exposure and behavioral responses to consumption
	Shifts use to lower-harm products	Decreases consumption of more harmful substances or increases consumption of less harmful substances
	Encourages treatment	Encourages treatment of substance-use problems
	Improves product quality	Assures the quality of products due to mislabeled or counterfeit/adulterated product, unknown dose/purity
Social	Promotes drug education	Improves education about drugs
	Enables medical use	Policy does not impede medical use
	Promotes/supports research	Policy does not impede research
	Protects human rights	Policy does not interfere with human rights as distinct from the individual's right to use.
	Promotes individual liberty	Policy does not interfere with individual liberty (individual's right to use)
	Improves community cohesion	Policy does not undermine social cohesion in communities
	Promotes family cohesion	Policy does not undermine family cohesion
Political	Supports international development/security	Policy does not undermine international development and security
Political	Reduces industry influence	Impedes drug industry influence on governments (less lobbying is preferable)
Public	Promotes well-being	Promotes individual and social well-being
	Protects the young	Protects children and young people
	Protects vulnerable	Protects vulnerable groups other than children and young people
	Respects religious/cultural values	Respects religious and cultural values
Crime	Reduces criminalization of users	Does note criminalize users
	Reduces acquisitive crime	Reduces acquisitive crime to finance use
	Reduces violent crime	Reduces violent crime due to illegal markets
	Prevents corporate crime	Prevents corporate crime, e.g. money-laundering, tax evasion
	Prevents criminal industry	Extent to which the policy discourages illegal market activity
Economic	Generates state revenue	Generates state revenue
Economic	Reduces economic costs	Reduces public financial costs not directly related to the enforcement policy
Cost	Low policy introduction costs	Financial costs of introducing the policy
Cost	Low policy maintenance costs	Financial costs of enforcing the policy

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E-mail: novosestudos@cebrap.org.br

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[1] MAURICIO FIORE [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1298-3943] has a Master’s degree in Social Anthropology from the University of São Paulo (USP) and a PhD in Social Sciences from the University of Campinas (Unicamp), is Researcher at the Centro Brasileiro de Análise e Planejamento (Cebrap). Both researchers contributed equally to the elaboration of the article, from the research stage to the writing and review stages.