Genetic parameters and performance of sugarcane families under cold stress in the South of Brazil

The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic parameters for the performance prediction of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) families under natural cold stress, in Southern Brazil, and to identify the best combinations of parents aiming at the selection for tolerance to cold. Fifty-three full-sib families were evaluated in an incomplete block design, with five replicates per family, in the municipality of Pelotas, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Harvest occurred in August 2013, nine months after planting and after cold spells with negative temperatures down to -2.2ºC. Statistical analyses, performed with the mixed model methodology, detected significant differences among families. Heritability estimates among progeny means were higher than those of individual heritability. Estimates of genetic progress for the traits megagrams of stalks per hectare, megagrams of brix per hectare, and number of stalks indicated gains of 93.8, 91.0, and 53.3%, respectively. A set of eight promising families that combine high estimates for yield and cold stress tolerance was obtained.

Index terms:
Saccharum; cold tolerance; plant breeding; selection

Authorship

Mario Alvaro Aloisio Verissimo

Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, no 1.540, CEP 80035-050 Curitiba, PR, Brazil. E-mail: maaverissimo@gmail.com,rico@ufpr.br, ededaros@ufpr.brUniversidade Federal do ParanáBrazilCuritiba, PR, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, no 1.540, CEP 80035-050 Curitiba, PR, Brazil. E-mail: maaverissimo@gmail.com,rico@ufpr.br, ededaros@ufpr.br

Ricardo Augusto de Oliveira

Sérgio Delmar dos Anjos e Silva

Embrapa Clima Temperado, Caixa Postal 403, CEP 96010-971 Pelotas, RS, Brazil. E-mail: sergio.anjos@embrapa.br, adilsonharter@gmail.comEmbrapa Clima TemperadoBrazilPelotas, RS, BrazilEmbrapa Clima Temperado, Caixa Postal 403, CEP 96010-971 Pelotas, RS, Brazil. E-mail: sergio.anjos@embrapa.br, adilsonharter@gmail.com

Edelclaiton Daros

Adílson Härter

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (1)
Tables (6)

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Figure 1.
Frost formation on sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) leaves, on July 24, 2013, at the lowest recorded temperature -2.2°C (A), apical meristem with large lesion (ABS score 1). On the left and right: live bud without lesion (ABS score 5) (B); detail of a plant (clump) with green leaves after frost (TLS score 4) (C); resumption of growth in the apical meristem (ABS score 4) (D); difference between the leaves of a genotype evaluated as TLS score 5 and a genotype with TLS score 2 (E); detail of a healthy apical bud, ABS score 5 (F).

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Table 1.
Monthly distribution of minimum air temperatures in percentage of days (%) and minimum, absolute maximum, and monthly mean temperatures, measured in situ from April to August 2013, in the municipality of Pelotas, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

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Table 2.
Estimates of variance components by maximum likelihood (REML), for scores of apical bud survival (ABS) and top leaf survival (TLS) after frost, number of stalks per clump (NSC), stalk height (SH), stalk diameter (SD), total soluble solids (Brix); megagrams of stalks per hectare (MSH), and megagrams of brix per hectare (MBH), in 53 full-sib sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) families under cold stress.

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Table 3.
Estimates of individual heritability coefficients in the narrow sense - additive effects (h² _a); individual heritability in the broad sense (h²_g) - total genotypic effects, and mean broad-sense heritability of the families (h²_mf) of a population of 53 sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) families evaluated under cold stress for the traits score of apical bud survival (ABS) and top leaf survival (TLS) after frost, number of stalks per clump (NSC), stalk height (SH), stalk diameter (SD), total soluble solids (Brix), megagrams of stalks per hectare (MSH), and megagrams of brix per hectare (MBH).

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Table 4.
Estimates of the coefficients of phenotypic (CV_ph), genetic (CVg), environmental (CVe), and relative variations (CVr), and selective accuracy among families (Ac_fam) for the traits scores of apical bud (ABS) and leaf (TLS) after frost, number of stalks per clump (NSC), stalk height (SH), stalk diameter (SD), total soluble solids (Brix), megagrams of stalks per hectare (MSH), and megagrams of brix per hectare (MBH), in 53 full-sib sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) families under cold stress.

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Table 5.
Expected progress and percentages of genetic gain (GS) for the traits score of apical bud survival (ABS) and top leaf survival (TLS) after frost, number of stalks per clump (NSC), stalk height (SH), stalk diameter (SD), total soluble solids (Brix), megagrams of stalks per hectare (MSH), and megagrams of brix per hectare (MBH), in 53 full-sib sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) families under cold stress.

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Table 6.
Genotypic value (Vgf) and general mean in 53 full-sib sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) families under cold stress for the traits score of apical bud survival (ABS) and top leaf survival (TLS) after frost, number of stalks per clump (NSC), stalk height (SH), stalk diameter (SD), total soluble solids (BRIX), megagrams of stalks per hectare (MSH), and megagrams of brix per hectare (MBH).

Figure 1. Frost formation on sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) leaves, on July 24, 2013, at the lowest recorded temperature -2.2°C (A), apical meristem with large lesion (ABS score 1). On the left and right: live bud without lesion (ABS score 5) (B); detail of a plant (clump) with green leaves after frost (TLS score 4) (C); resumption of growth in the apical meristem (ABS score 4) (D); difference between the leaves of a genotype evaluated as TLS score 5 and a genotype with TLS score 2 (E); detail of a healthy apical bud, ABS score 5 (F).

Table 1. Monthly distribution of minimum air temperatures in percentage of days (%) and minimum, absolute maximum, and monthly mean temperatures, measured in situ from April to August 2013, in the municipality of Pelotas, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Month	Minimum temperature (°C) in percentage of days (%)							Temperature (°C)
Month	<0	0-3	3-5	5-10	10-15	15-20	>20	Minimum	Medium	Maximum
April	0.0	0.0	3.7	33.3	48.1	14.8	0.0	4.7	19.0	33.7
May	0.0	9.7	9.7	51.6	12.9	16.1	0.0	1.2	15.3	32.6
June	0.0	16.6	33.3	40.0	6.7	3.3	0.0	1.7	12.8	26.8
July	8.3	33.3	12.5	20.8	16.7	8.3	0.0	-2.2	12.4	29.5
August	0.0	0.0	16.1	67.7	12.9	3.3	0.0	4.5	12.7	27.6

Table 2. Estimates of variance components by maximum likelihood (REML), for scores of apical bud survival (ABS) and top leaf survival (TLS) after frost, number of stalks per clump (NSC), stalk height (SH), stalk diameter (SD), total soluble solids (Brix); megagrams of stalks per hectare (MSH), and megagrams of brix per hectare (MBH), in 53 full-sib sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) families under cold stress.

Trait	σ²_a	σ²_d	σ²_g	σ²_plot	σ²_block	σ²_c	σ²_f
ABS	0.101	0.046	0.096	0.108	0.064	0.532	0.850
TLS	0.106	0.036	0.089	0.093	0.056	0.296	0.588
NSC	0.182	0.426	0.517	0.461	0.151	16.519	17.739
SH	37.707	37.670	56.524	70.221	61.112	424.726	631.436
SD	3.890	0.275	2.220	1.156	0.244	16.970	22.535
BRIX	0.584	0.175	0.467	0.622	0.221	2.720	4.323
MSH	166.275	52.933	136.071	122.871	70.374	2041.361	2453.814
MBH	5.129	2.084	4.649	4.212	1.723	76.138	89.286

Additive genetic variance (σ²_a); genetic variance of dominance among full-sib progenies (σ²_d); genotypic variance among progenies (σ²_g); plot variance (σ²_plot); block variance (σ²_block); residual plot variance (σ²_c); and individual phenotypic variance (σ²_f).

Table 3. Estimates of individual heritability coefficients in the narrow sense - additive effects (h² _a); individual heritability in the broad sense (h²_g) - total genotypic effects, and mean broad-sense heritability of the families (h²_mf) of a population of 53 sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) families evaluated under cold stress for the traits score of apical bud survival (ABS) and top leaf survival (TLS) after frost, number of stalks per clump (NSC), stalk height (SH), stalk diameter (SD), total soluble solids (Brix), megagrams of stalks per hectare (MSH), and megagrams of brix per hectare (MBH).

Trait	h²_a	h²_g	h²_mf
Apical bud survival (ABS)	0.118±0.032	0.332	0.678
Top leaf survival (TLS) after frost	0.181±0.040	0.428	0.708
Number of stalks per clump (NSC)	0.010±0.008	0.106	0.546
Stalk height (SH)	0.060±0.019	0.298	0.647
Stalk diameter (SD)	0.173±0.032	0.221	0.760
Total soluble solids (Brix)	0.135±0.029	0.297	0.644
Megagrams of stalks per hectare (MSH)	0.068±0.020	0.154	0.641
Megagrams of brix per hectare (MBH)	0.057±0.019	0.151	0.631

Table 4. Estimates of the coefficients of phenotypic (CV_ph), genetic (CVg), environmental (CVe), and relative variations (CVr), and selective accuracy among families (Ac_fam) for the traits scores of apical bud (ABS) and leaf (TLS) after frost, number of stalks per clump (NSC), stalk height (SH), stalk diameter (SD), total soluble solids (Brix), megagrams of stalks per hectare (MSH), and megagrams of brix per hectare (MBH), in 53 full-sib sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) families under cold stress.

Trait	CV_ph (%)	CVg (%)	CVe (%)	CVr	Ac_fam
ABS	26.62	8.93	10.67	0.84	0.82
TLS	18.36	7.16	7.96	0.90	0.84
NSC	56.81	9.70	15.33	0.63	0.74
SH	27.31	8.17	10.45	0.78	0.80
SD	18.96	5.95	5.79	1.03	0.87
BRIX	10.90	3.58	4.61	0.78	0.80
MSH	85.15	20.05	26.02	0.77	0.80
MBH	83.82	19.13	25.32	0.76	0.79

Table 5. Expected progress and percentages of genetic gain (GS) for the traits score of apical bud survival (ABS) and top leaf survival (TLS) after frost, number of stalks per clump (NSC), stalk height (SH), stalk diameter (SD), total soluble solids (Brix), megagrams of stalks per hectare (MSH), and megagrams of brix per hectare (MBH), in 53 full-sib sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) families under cold stress.

Trait	X₀	Xs	DS	h²_mf	GS	GS (%)
ABS	3.46	4.84	1.38	0.68	0.93	26.92
TLS	4.18	4.95	0.77	0.71	0.55	13.11
NSC	7.41	14.66	7.24	0.55	3.95	53.32
SH	92.01	135.23	43.22	0.65	27.98	30.41
SD	25.03	33.20	8.16	0.76	6.21	24.79
BRIX	19.07	22.64	3.58	0.64	2.30	12.09
MSH	58.17	143.38	85.20	0.64	54.57	93.81
MBH	11.27	27.53	16.25	0.63	10.26	91.01

X₀, overall mean; X_S, mean of the selected population at 10% selection pressure; X_S-X₀ (DS), selection differential; heritability coefficient between means of full-sib families (h²_mf); GS, expected genetic gains by selection; GS (%) genetic gain in percentage.

Table 6. Genotypic value (Vgf) and general mean in 53 full-sib sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) families under cold stress for the traits score of apical bud survival (ABS) and top leaf survival (TLS) after frost, number of stalks per clump (NSC), stalk height (SH), stalk diameter (SD), total soluble solids (BRIX), megagrams of stalks per hectare (MSH), and megagrams of brix per hectare (MBH).

Family	ABS	TLS	NCM	SH	SD	BRIX	MSH	MBH⁽¹⁾
RB867515 x RB996961	3.6	4.3	8.7	97.8	27.2	18.2	82.1	15.1
CP72-2086 x RB966928	3.8	4.6	8.0	103.0	26.8	20.0	71.4	14.3
RB855156 x RB987935	3.5	4.3	8.2	90.8	26.0	19.6	69.2	13.9
RB72454 x RB965902	3.5	4.1	8.2	93.1	26.5	19.0	70.0	13.4
CP72-2086 x RB965902	3.6	4.3	7.5	89.1	27.1	19.6	67.0	13.4
RB965902 x CP72-2086	3.5	4.3	8.0	92.5	26.8	19.6	68.3	13.3
RB867515 x RB987935	3.5	4.3	7.3	100.8	27.4	18.0	71.0	12.9
RB987935 x RB867515	3.7	4.3	7.6	99.7	27.1	18.2	70.5	12.9
RB867515 x RB946903	3.2	3.9	7.5	104.5	26.1	18.1	70.1	12.8
RB966928 x RB996961	3.6	4.4	7.1	93.2	26.5	20.0	64.0	12.7
NA56-79 x RB867515	3.8	4.5	7.5	109.7	26.1	18.1	68.7	12.6
RB966928 x CP72-2086	3.7	4.5	7.5	95.3	26.4	20.0	63.3	12.6
RB011681 x RB72454	3.5	4.3	7.7	90.1	25.9	19.6	62.9	12.6
RB966928 x RB987935	3.5	4.4	7.5	95.8	26.2	19.3	64.7	12.6
RB987935 x RB975932	3.6	4.0	7.6	101.2	25.6	18.8	65.7	12.5
RB867515 x RB966928	3.5	4.4	7.2	97.8	26.4	19.1	64.3	12.4
RB966229 x RB996961	3.7	4.3	8.0	93.2	24.5	18.7	64.5	12.3
RB996963 x RB996961	3.6	4.3	7.6	90.6	25.9	19.4	62.1	12.1
RB966928 x RB855589	3.6	4.3	7.0	93.1	25.9	19.7	60.1	12.0
RB966928 x RB867515	3.5	4.3	7.3	92.6	26.3	19.3	62.1	12.0
TUC77-42 x RB966928	3.8	4.5	8.0	93.5	24.7	20.0	58.6	11.7
RB987935 x RB966928	3.4	4.3	7.0	95.5	26.1	19.3	59.8	11.6
RB946903 x RB987935	3.2	3.7	7.4	94.9	25.6	18.5	60.1	11.4
RB966229 x RB975932	3.6	4.3	8.2	99.5	23.1	18.9	59.1	11.4
RB72454 x RB011681	3.3	3.8	7.6	87.5	25.5	18.9	58.1	11.3
RB867515 x RB965518	3.7	4.4	7.7	97.7	25.5	18.3	61.4	11.2
RB855589 x RB966928	3.5	4.3	7.2	97.8	25.3	19.2	57.6	11.2
RB855156 x RB946903	3.3	4.0	8.0	92.3	23.8	19.3	57.1	11.2
RB867515 x NA56-79	3.5	4.2	7.5	95.7	25.1	18.0	60.7	11.0
RB996963 x RB966229	3.5	4.2	7.7	91.3	23.4	18.8	55.6	11.0
RB975932 x RB966928	3.7	4.3	7.9	95.9	24.3	19.2	55.9	11.0
RB987935 x RB855156	3.4	4.2	7.6	88.1	25.6	18.5	58.0	10.8
RB946903 x RB867515	3.0	3.8	6.7	98.8	25.5	18.3	58.3	10.8
RB965518 x RB966928	3.4	4.4	7.2	93.2	24.0	19.7	52.9	10.7
RB966928 x RB965518	3.5	4.5	7.5	88.2	24.1	19.4	53.1	10.5
RB965518 x RB011681	3.3	4.3	7.5	87.4	24.1	19.3	53.2	10.5
NA56-79 x RB72454	3.4	4.1	6.4	91.3	25.2	19.0	54.0	10.5
NA56-79 x RB855156	3.5	4.4	7.1	95.3	24.1	19.3	53.2	10.4
RB966928 x RB975932	3.5	4.3	7.1	94.3	24.4	19.3	53.7	10.4
RB996963 x RB966928	3.6	4.4	7.0	83.0	24.4	19.6	49.7	10.2
RB966928 x RB996963	3.5	4.4	7.0	88.2	24.9	19.7	52.1	10.2
RB987935 x RB946903	2.7	3.6	6.3	92.0	25.7	18.2	54.7	10.2
RB996963 x RB946903	3.2	4.0	7.5	92.1	24.0	19.0	52.1	10.2
RB966928 x TUC77-42	3.5	4.4	6.7	86.0	24.8	20.0	50.5	10.1
RB72454 x NA56-79	3.4	4.0	6.6	84.5	25.3	18.5	51.1	9.8
RB867515 x CP70-321	3.5	4.1	6.9	89.8	25.1	18.4	50.9	9.6
CP70-321 x RB867515	3.4	4.1	6.9	89.4	24.9	18.9	49.5	9.4
RB855156 x NA56-79	3.6	4.3	6.8	84.2	24.0	19.8	45.7	9.1
RB946903 x RB996963	2.7	3.5	7.2	81.9	23.6	18.7	45.9	9.1
RB946903 x RB855156	2.8	3.5	6.9	82.2	23.4	19.2	45.0	8.8
RB966229 x RB996963	3.5	4.2	6.9	84.1	22.9	18.4	45.5	8.6
RB966229 x NA56-79	3.6	4.2	7.3	88.6	22.5	18.3	45.0	8.5
RB946903 x NA56-79	3.0	3.7	6.4	87.3	23.6	18.3	44.2	8.3
Overall mean	3.5	4.2	7.4	92.0	25.0	19.1	58.2	11.3

⁽¹⁾Families classified for the trait megagrams of brix per hectare (MBH).

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Genetic parameters and performance of sugarcane families under cold stress in the South of Brazil

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Mensagem

[TFN1] Additive genetic variance (σ²_a); genetic variance of dominance among full-sib progenies (σ²_d); genotypic variance among progenies (σ²_g); plot variance (σ²_plot); block variance (σ²_block); residual plot variance (σ²_c); and individual phenotypic variance (σ²_f).