Genetic cause and effect interrelationships for grain quality attributes of irrigated rice

Facchinello, Paulo Henrique Karling; Carvalho, Ivan Ricardo; Streck, Eduardo Anibele; Aguiar, Gabriel Almeida; Goveia, Janaína; Feijó, Michele; Pereira, Roberto Ramos; Fagundes, Paulo Ricardo Reis; Loro, Murilo Vieira; Maia, Luciano Carlos da; Magalhães Júnior, Ariano Martins de

doi:10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.03252

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Genetics / Original Article • Pesq. agropec. bras. 58 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.03252 copy

Genetic cause and effect interrelationships for grain quality attributes of irrigated rice

Inter-relações genéticas de causa e efeito para atributos de qualidade de grãos de arroz irrigado

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective of this work was to determine the genetic correlations and the direct and indirect associations of agronomic traits and grain quality attributes with the percentage of whole grains in flood irrigated rice. The experiment was carried out in two environments, in a randomized complete block design with three replicates, using 23 irrigated rice genotypes. The evaluated traits were: percentage of whole grains, caryopsis length, caryopsis width, panicle length, panicle weight, 1,000 grain weight, days to flowering, percentage of chalky grains with white belly, total chalky area, total whiteness, vitreous whiteness, and defects in coloring. The percentage of grains with white belly and total chalky area were positively correlated, whereas the percentage of grains with white belly and vitreous whiteness were negatively correlated. The traits caryopsis width, percentage of chalky grains with white belly, panicle weight, and 1,000 grain weight showed indirect effects on whole-grain yield response according to total chalky area and total whiteness. Total chalky area and total whiteness are the factors that most negatively influence the percentage of whole grains according to the genotypic correlations and direct effects.

Index terms
Oryza sativa; indirect selection; whole grains

SV	DF	Mean square
		WG	CL	CW	WB+C	CA	DC	WHT	WHV	PL	PW	TGW	DF
G	22	125.15^**	1.76^**	0.25^**	822.41^**	446.83^ns ns Nonsignificant.	100.75^**	154.85^**	83.99^**	32.06^**	5.04^**	481.12^**	550.85^**
E	1	123.37^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.22^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.37^**	14.41^ns ns Nonsignificant.	387.44^ns ns Nonsignificant.	1,290.89^**	40.64^ns ns Nonsignificant.	418.09^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.12^ns ns Nonsignificant.	0.13^ns ns Nonsignificant.	131.48^ns ns Nonsignificant.	165.22^ns ns Nonsignificant.
GxE	22	33.21^**	0.13^**	0.004^**	3.03^ns ns Nonsignificant.	10.05^ns ns Nonsignificant.	33.63^**	12.20^**	19.63^**	3.01^**	0.42^**	7.70^**	46.12^**
r	88	7.42	0.01	0.00	16.52	8.47	10.01	5.89	5.10	1.45	0.16	2.24	5.03
μ	-	60.70	6.34	2.14	3.64	15.31	6.13	131.63	121.53	23.86	3.61	29.78	77.51
CV (%)	-	4.49	1.91	1.47	111.68	19.01	51.64	1.84	1.86	5.05	11.10	5.03	2.89
σ²_g	-	15.32	0.27	0.04	136.56	72.80	11.19	23.78	10.73	4.84	0.77	78.90	84.12
σ²_i	-	8.59	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.53	7.87	2.10	4.85	0.52	0.09	1.82	13.70
h (%)	-	73.47	92.67	98.25	99.63	97.75	66.62	92.12	76.62	90.61	91.72	98.40	91.63

	WG	CL	CW	WB+C	CA	DC	WHT	WHV	PL	PW	TGW	DF
WG	1	-0.039	-0.373^* * Significant by the Mantel test, at 1 and 5% probability, respectively, with the bootstrap method with 10,000 simulations.	-0.563^ and	-0.702^ and	-0.192	-0.756^ and	0.382	0.220	-0.423^* * Significant by the Mantel test, at 1 and 5% probability, respectively, with the bootstrap method with 10,000 simulations.	-0.516^* * Significant by the Mantel test, at 1 and 5% probability, respectively, with the bootstrap method with 10,000 simulations.	0.215
CL		1	-0.588^ and	0.117	0.079	-0.763^ and	0.156	0.025	0.431^* * Significant by the Mantel test, at 1 and 5% probability, respectively, with the bootstrap method with 10,000 simulations.	0.335^* * Significant by the Mantel test, at 1 and 5% probability, respectively, with the bootstrap method with 10,000 simulations.	0.188	0.066
CW			1	0.562^* * Significant by the Mantel test, at 1 and 5% probability, respectively, with the bootstrap method with 10,000 simulations.	0.599^ and	0.865^ and	0.589^ and	-0.472	-0.533^ and	0.294	0.605^ and	0.044
WB+C				1	0.967^ and	0.286	0.883^ and	-0.913^* * Significant by the Mantel test, at 1 and 5% probability, respectively, with the bootstrap method with 10,000 simulations.	0.014	0.805^* * Significant by the Mantel test, at 1 and 5% probability, respectively, with the bootstrap method with 10,000 simulations.	0.956^* * Significant by the Mantel test, at 1 and 5% probability, respectively, with the bootstrap method with 10,000 simulations.	-0.017
CA					1	0.328	0.950^ and	-0.838^* * Significant by the Mantel test, at 1 and 5% probability, respectively, with the bootstrap method with 10,000 simulations.	-0.045	0.769^* * Significant by the Mantel test, at 1 and 5% probability, respectively, with the bootstrap method with 10,000 simulations.	0.927^* * Significant by the Mantel test, at 1 and 5% probability, respectively, with the bootstrap method with 10,000 simulations.	-0.115
DC						1	0.271	-0.298	-0.513^ and	-0.039	0.275	-0.114
WHT							1	-0.639⁺	-0.119	0.707^* * Significant by the Mantel test, at 1 and 5% probability, respectively, with the bootstrap method with 10,000 simulations.	0.899^ and	0.002
WHV								1	-0.093	-0.726^* * Significant by the Mantel test, at 1 and 5% probability, respectively, with the bootstrap method with 10,000 simulations.	-0.802^* * Significant by the Mantel test, at 1 and 5% probability, respectively, with the bootstrap method with 10,000 simulations.	0.153
PL									1	0.239	-0.048	0.153
PW										1	0.841^ and	-0.009
TGW											1	0.095
DF												1

Effect	Variable	Estimation	VIF	Variable	Estimation	VIF	Variable	Estimation	VIF
	------------------------- CL -------------------------			------------------------ CW -----------------------			---------------------- WB+C ----------------------
Direct on	WG	0.1453	3.8633	WG	0.1836	7.2118	WG	-0.0179	9.9635
Indirect via	CW	-0.1078	2.1108	CL	-0.0854	1.1307	CL	0.0170	0.0449
Indirect via	WB+C	-0.0021	0.1157	WB+C	-0.0100	2.6645	CW	0.1031	1.9286
Indirect via	CA	-0.0397	0.0508	CA	-0.2996	2.9003	CA	-0.4828	7.5324
Indirect via	DC	-0.0542	2.3316	DC	0.0614	2.9965	DC	0.0203	0.3282
Indirect via	WHT	-0.1039	0.1365	WHT	-0.3935	1.9588	WHT	-0.5896	4.3975
Indirect via	WHV	-0.0044	0.0028	WHV	0.0824	1.0271	WHV	0.1592	3.8343
Indirect via	PL	0.0721	0.3114	PL	-0.0892	0.4766	PL	0.0024	0.0003
Indirect via	PW	-0.0174	0.3675	PW	-0.0152	0.2813	PW	-0.0417	2.1174
Indirect via	TGW	0.0530	0.2770	TGW	0.1711	2.8854	TGW	0.2702	7.1930
Indirect via	DF	0.0074	0.0055	DF	0.0050	0.0026	DF	-0.0019	0.0004
Total		-0.0392^ns ns Nonsignificant.			-0.3735^* * Significant by the Mantel test, at 1 and 5% probability, respectively, with the bootstrap method with 10,000 simulations.			-0.5631^ and
	----------------------- CA -----------------------			----------------------- DC -----------------------			----------------------- WHT -----------------------
Direct on	WG	-0.4994	9.5043	WG	0.0710	4.7209	WG	-0.6677	6.6518
Indirect via	CL	0.0115	0.0206	CL	-0.1109	1.9081	CL	0.0226	0.0793
Indirect via	CW	0.1101	2.2007	CW	0.1588	4.5776	CW	0.1082	2.1237
Indirect via	WB+C	-0.0173	7.8963	WB+C	-0.0051	0.6927	WB+C	-0.0158	6.5869
Indirect via	DC	0.0233	0.4303	CA	-0.1637	0.8663	CA	-0.4745	7.2761
Indirect via	WHT	-0.6344	5.0923	WHT	-0.1807	0.4134	DC	0.0192	0.2934
Indirect via	WHV	0.1461	3.2299	WHV	0.0519	0.4080	WHV	0,1116	1.8840
Indirect via	PL	-0.0075	0.0034	PL	-0.0858	0.4412	PL	-0.0198	0.0235
Indirect via	PW	-0.0398	1.9313	PW	0.0020	0.0049	PW	-0.0366	1.6308
Indirect via	TGW	0.2619	6.7577	TGW	0.0776	0.5934	TGW	0.2541	6.3595
Indirect via	DF	-0.0130	0.0169	DF	-0.0129	0.0166	DF	0.0002	0.0000
Total		-0.7017^ and			-0.1917 ^ns			-0.7559^ and
	----------------------- WHV -----------------------			----------------------- PL -----------------------			----------------------- PW -----------------------
Direct on	WG	-0.1744	5.4249	WG	0.1674	1.9786	WG	-0.0518	3.8489
Indirect via	CL	0.0037	0.0020	CL	0.0626	0.6080	CL	0.0487	0.3688
Indirect via	CW	-0.0867	1.3654	CW	-0.0978	1.7372	CW	0.0539	0.5271
Indirect via	WB+C	0.0163	7.0422	WB+C	-0.0003	0.0017	WB+C	-0.0144	5.4810
Indirect via	CA	0.4185	5.6587	CA	0.0224	0.0161	CA	-0.3842	4.7691
Indirect via	DC	-0.0211	0.3550	DC	-0.0364	1,0527	DC	-0.0027	0.0060
Indirect via	WHT	0.4273	2.3101	WHT	0.0791	0.0790	WHT	-0.4720	2.8183
Indirect via	PL	-0.0156	0.0146	WHV	0.0162	0.0400	WHV	0.1266	2.4250
Indirect via	PW	0.0376	1.7205	PW	-0.0124	0.1867	PL	0.0400	0.0960
Indirect via	TGW	-0.2268	5.0671	TGW	-0.0135	0.0181	TGW	0.2376	5.5638
Indirect via	DF	0.0173	0.0298	DF	0.0173	0.0298	DF	-0.0010	0.0001
Total		0.3815^ns ns Nonsignificant.			0.2196 ^ns			-0.4232^* * Significant by the Mantel test, at 1 and 5% probability, respectively, with the bootstrap method with 10,000 simulations.
	----------------------- TGW -----------------------			----------------------- DF -----------------------
Direct on	WG	0.2826	9.2826	WG	0.1132	1.5096
Indirect via	CL	0.0273	0.1153	CL	0.0096	0.0141
Indirect via	CW	0.1111	2.2417	CW	0.0082	0.0122
Indirect via	WB+C	-0.0171	7.7206	WB+C	0.0003	0.0025
Indirect via	CA	-0.4627	6.9191	CA	0.0575	0.1064
Indirect via	DC	0.0195	0.3018	DC	-0.0081	0.0520
Indirect via	WHT	-0.6002	4.5571	WHT	-0.0013	0.0000
Indirect via	WHV	0.1399	2.9613	WHV	-0.0266	0.1072
Indirect via	PL	-0.0080	0.0039	PL	0.0255	0.0391
Indirect via	PW	-0.0435	2.3070	PW	0.0005	0.0003
Indirect via	DF	0.0107	0.0115	TGW	0.0269	0.0708
Total		-0.5165^ and			0.2150^ns ns Nonsignificant.
Coefficient of determination						0.6478
k-value						0.0860
Residual variable effect						0.3522

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