Evaluation of integrated pest management modulation for mitigation of pesticide residues in mango

Farooq, Muhammad Asif; Abbasi, Asim; Naqqash, Muhammad Nadir; Atta, Bilal; Arshad, Muhammad; Fatima, Mariam

doi:10.1590/1983-40632024v5477681

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Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical

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Research Article • Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop. 54 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632024v5477681 copy

Evaluation of integrated pest management modulation for mitigation of pesticide residues in mango

Avaliação da modulação do manejo integrado de pragas para mitigação de resíduos de pesticidas em manga

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The increase of pesticide residues in food is extremely dangerous for humans. This research aimed to determine the concentrations of left-over pesticides residues on mangoes after they were exposed to pesticide residue mitigation modules (PRMM). Among these, four modules were used as candidate for integrated pest management approaches, while the fifth was traditional and served as a control. Residues of the lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, indoxacarb, imidacloprid, pyriproxyfen, acetamiprid, buprofezin and chlorpyrifos pesticides were assessed from mangoes taken from orchards. The QuEChERS technique was used to extract the residue samples and the GC-MS for their quantification. A significant increase in the percentage of contaminated samples was recorded during the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 growing seasons. Samples belonging to PRMM-I showed 16.67 % (2019-2020) and 25.29 % (2020-2021) of contamination over the control. The samples collected during 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 from PRMM-II showed, respectively, 58.13 and 53.13 % of contamination. During 2020-2021, 66.67 and 67.00 % of the samples were contaminated for PRMM-III and PRMM-IV, respectively. Recoveries ranged from 88.37 to 99.02 %, with 1.07 to 3.97 % relative standard deviation, for all samples, in both seasons. PRMM-IV showed a greater contamination than the other modules and the control.

KEYWORDS:
Mangifera indica (L.) Lam.; controle de pragas; módulos de mitigação de resíduos de pesticidas

Pesticide	PRMM-I	PRMM-II	PRMM-III	PRMM-IV	Control	LOD	LOQ	Recoveries ± RSD (%)
	PRMM-I	PRMM-II	PRMM-III	PRMM-IV	Control	LOD	LOQ	Fortification levels (mg kg^-1)
	------------------------------------------------------------mg kg¹-------------------------------------------------------------							0.01	0.05	0.10
Lambda-cyhalothrin	0.0021-0.0651	0.0037-0.2514	0.0019-0.0365	0.0065-0.3651	ND-0.0023	0.002	0.004	96.32 ± 2.09	95.23 ± 2.77	93.00 ± 2.96
Cypermethrin	0.0052-0.0325	0.0062-0.0694	0.0095-0.1524	0.0074-0.2583	0.0145-0.0203	0.002	0.006	97.26 ± 3.03	94.91 ± 1.10	96.70 ± 2.82
Indoxacarb	0.0066-ND	0.0035-0.0784	0.0048-0.0618	0.0057-0.0817	ND-ND	0.001	0.002	99.02 ± 1.23	96.16 ± 1.03	95.34 ± 1.23
Imidacloprid	0.0095-0.0175	0.0021-0.0184	0.0089-0.0584	0.0041-0.0351	ND-0.0109	0.003	0.004	94.72 ± 1.82	92.34 ± 2.97	92.49 ± 1.03
Pyriproxyfen	0.0035-0.0115	0.0078-0.0245	0.0036-0.0321	0.0058-0.0215	ND-ND	0.002	0.005	95.64 ± 2.09	91.87 ± 1.23	98.65 ± 2.96
Acetamiprid	0.0041-0.0231	0.0017-0.0788	0.0057-0.0458	0.0036-0.1246	ND-0.0145	0.001	0.003	91.48 ± 3.03	93.27 ± 1.10	95.24 ± 1.75
Buprofezin	0.0036-0.0266	0.0127-0.1825	0.0066-0.1354	0.0025-0.0584	ND-ND	0.006	0.009	97.59 ± 2.75	97.39 ± 3.84	99.10 ± 2.09
Chlorpyrifos	0.0085-0.1350	0.0045-0.0548	0.0079-0.0258	0.0057-0.0651	0.0075-0.0096	0.003	0.005	93.33 ± 1.96	98.61 ± 3.97	94.73 ± 1.16

Pesticide	PRMM-I	PRMM-II	PRMM-III	PRMM-IV	Control	LOD	LOQ	Recoveries ± RSD (%)
	PRMM-I	PRMM-II	PRMM-III	PRMM-IV	Control	LOD	LOQ	Fortification levels (mg kg^-1)
	--------------------------------------------------mg kg^-1--------------------------------------------------							0.01	0.05	0.10
Lambda-cyhalothrin	0.0055-0.3152	0.0021-ND	0.0036-0.0538	0.0019-0.0415	0.0015-ND	0.002	0.003	90.16 ± 1.32	92.45 ± 1.42	93.38 ± 1.07
Cypermethrin	0.0056-0.2496	0.0074-0.3145	0.0061-0.0258	0.0024-0.0652	0.0103-0.0132	0.001	0.004	91.37 ± 1.15	93.39 ± 2.75	95.22 ± 2.80
Indoxacarb	ND-ND	0.0018-ND	0.0052-0.0624	0.0031-0.0625	ND-ND	0.002	0.006	94.54 ± 2.99	94.17 ± 1.25	99.18 ± 1.13
Imidacloprid	0.0063-0.3251	0.0071-0.4523	0.0084-0.1562	0.0082-0.2153	0.0129-ND	0.007	0.008	92.62 ± 1.24	96.06 ± 2.67	91.86 ± 2.87
Pyriproxyfen	ND-ND	ND-ND	0.0081-0.0652	0.0065-0.0892	ND-ND	0.004	0.007	95.81 ± 2.66	97.35 ± 1.33	97.24 ± 1.93
Acetamiprid	0.0036-0.2561	0.0084-0.0412	0.0032-0.0241	0.0094-0.0521	0.0207-ND	0.002	0.005	89.93 ± 3.32	95.61 ± 1.17	93.17 ± 3.20
Buprofezin	0.0062-0.0724	0.0062-0.6512	0.0041-0.1452	0.0043-0.2540	ND-ND	0.002	0.003	88.37 ± 2.74	98.48 ± 3.50	94.61 ± 1.27
Chlorpyrifos	0.0061-0.1240	0.0051-0.0510	0.0081-0.0851	0.0060-0.0562	0.0086-0.0065	0.001	0.004	95.10 ± 3.58	92.26 ± 1.92	96.84 ± 2.73

Pesticide	---------------------------------------------------2019-2020----------------------------------------					--------------------------------------------------2020-2021----------------------------------------
Pesticide	1 mL dispersive SPE regression equation	R²	8 mL dispersive SPE regression equation	R²	Linear range (µg mL^-1)	1 mL dispersive SPE regression equation	R²	8 mL dispersive SPE regression equation	R²	Linear range (µg mL^-1)
Lambda-cyhalothrin	y = 0.3256x - 0.0016	0.9826	y = 0.2951x - 0.0019	0.9584	0.220-15.4	y = 0.2654x - 0.0047	0.9984	y = 0.3162x - 0.0019	0.9715	0.200-15.0
Cypermethrin	y = 0.2751x - 0.0014	0.9957	y = 0.3861x - 0.0052	0.9925	0.190-17.2	y = 0.2351x - 0.0052	0.9684	y = 0.0878x - 0.0057	0.9925	0.170-16.8
Indoxacarb	y = 0.0865x - 0.0058	0.9938	y = 0.2831x - 0.0061	0.9862	0.200-22.3	y = 0.3182x - 0.0061	0.9845	y = 0.2387x - 0.0062	0.9932	0.210-21.0
Imidacloprid	y = 0.3175x - 0.0024	0.9601	y = 0.4213x - 0.0008	0.9951	0.230-17.0	y = 0.6122x - 0.0080	0.9685	y = 0.9155x - 0.0091	0.9624	0.160-16.2
Pyriproxifen	y = 0.6540x - 0.0013	0.9709	y = 0.2152x - 0.0018	0.9604	0.210-17.9	y = 0.3341x - 0.0073	0.9735	y = 0.7899x - 0.0008	0.9807	0.170-17.1
Acetamiprid	y = 0.6523x - 0.0008	0.9948	y = 0.0985x - 0.0095	0.9750	0.230-19.3	y = 0.6281x - 0.0009	0.9958	y = 0.5234x - 0.0092	0.9713	0.190-18.9
Buprofezin	y = 0.8741x - 0.0051	0.9761	y = 0.2741x - 0.0042	0.9765	0.210-18.6	y = 0.7361x - 0.0018	0.9868	y = 0.0323x - 0.0064	0.9662	0.170-17.4
Chlorpyrifos	y = 0.1721x - 0.0004	0.9802	y = 0.3942x - 0.0060	0.9909	0.230-19.3	y = 0.6808x - 0.0023	0.9710	y = 0.2264x - 0.0032	0.9579	0.190-18.7

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[TFN1] LOD: limit of detection; LOQ: limit of quantification: RSD: relative standard deviation; ND: not detected.