A new species of <i>Ophryotrocha</i> (Annelida: Dorvilleidae) associated with the coral <i>Lophelia pertusa</i> (Anthozoa: Caryophylliidae)

Miranda, Vinicius da Rocha; Rodrigues, Andrielle Raposo; Brasil, Ana Claudia dos Santos

doi:10.11606/1807-0205/2020.60.13

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ARTICLE • Pap. Avulsos Zool. 60 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2020.60.13 copy

A new species of Ophryotrocha (Annelida: Dorvilleidae) associated with the coral Lophelia pertusa (Anthozoa: Caryophylliidae)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Ophryotrocha is the most speciose genus within Dorvilleidae, with species occurring in a great variety of environments around the globe. In Brazil, records of Ophryotrocha are scarce and no specific identification is provided for any of the records. Herein we describe a new species of Dorvilleidae, Ophryotrocha zitae sp. nov. Adult and larval specimens were found in the axis of a fragment of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa, sampled off São Paulo’s coast, at a depth of 245 m. Both forms are described and illustrated. This new species resembles O. puerilis, O. adherens and O. eutrophila, but can be distinguished based on differences in its mandible and on chaetae shape and arrangement.

Key-Words.
Epibiont; Cold-water Coral; Deep-sea; Eunicida, Associated fauna

Taxon	Maximum size (length/width, in mm)	Eyes	Number of plates in K-maxillae	Cutting plate of mandibles	Palps	Rosette glands	Supra-acicular chaetae	Sub-acicular chaetae	Reference
O. adherens Paavo, Bailey-Brock & Åkesson, 2000Paavo, B.; Bailey-Brock, J.H. & Åkesson, B. 2000. Morphology and life history of Ophryotrocha adherens sp. nov. (Polychaeta, Dorvilleidae). Sarsia, 85: 251-264.	4/?	Present	Seven	Wider than the shafts	Present; ciliated	?	3-5, finely serrated simple chaetae	4-8 heterogomph falcigers; one simple chaeta	*Paavo et al.* (2000**Paavo, B.; Bailey-Brock, J.H. & Åkesson, B. 2000. Morphology and life history of Ophryotrocha adherens sp. nov. (Polychaeta, Dorvilleidae). Sarsia, 85: 251-264.)
O. clava *Taboada et al.,* 2013**Taboada, S.; Wiklund, H.; Glover, A.G.; Dahlgren, T.G.; Cristobo, J. & Avila, C. 2013. Two new Antarctic Ophryotrocha (Annelida: Dorvilleidae) described from shallow-water whale bones. Polar Biology, 36: 1031-1045.	4.6/0.4	Present	Seven	Wider than the shafts	Absent	?	4-6 serrated simple chaetae, distally curved	4-6 subacicular heterogomph falcigers	*Taboada et al.* (2013**Taboada, S.; Wiklund, H.; Glover, A.G.; Dahlgren, T.G.; Cristobo, J. & Avila, C. 2013. Two new Antarctic Ophryotrocha (Annelida: Dorvilleidae) described from shallow-water whale bones. Polar Biology, 36: 1031-1045.)
O. eutrophila Wiklund, Glover & Dahlgren, 2009Wiklund, H.; Glover, A.G. & Dahlgren, T.G. 2009. Three new species of Ophryotrocha (Annelida: Dorvilleidae) from a whale fall in the Northeast Atlantic. Zootaxa, 2228: 43-56.	8/?	Absent	Seven	As wide as shafts	Present; smooth	?	3 simple chaetae	4 heterogomph falcigers; 1 simple chaeta	*Wiklund et al.* (2009**Wiklund, H.; Glover, A.G. & Dahlgren, T.G. 2009. Three new species of Ophryotrocha (Annelida: Dorvilleidae) from a whale fall in the Northeast Atlantic. Zootaxa, 2228: 43-56.)
O. fabriae Paxton & Morineaux, 2009Paxton, H. & Morineaux, M. 2009. Three species of Dorvilleidae (annelida: Polychaeta) associated with Atlantic deep-sea reducing habitats, with the description of Ophryotrocha fabriae, new species. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 122: 14-25.	1.9/0.2	Not observed	Seven	Wider than shafts; 18-20 teeth at the cutting edge	Present; smooth	?	2-5 simple chaetae	3-5 heterogomph falcigers; 1 simple chaeta	Paxton & Morineaux (2009Paxton, H. & Morineaux, M. 2009. Three species of Dorvilleidae (annelida: Polychaeta) associated with Atlantic deep-sea reducing habitats, with the description of Ophryotrocha fabriae, new species. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 122: 14-25.)
O. geryonicola (Esmark, 1874)	140/5	Absent	Six	Wider than shafts	Present; with stereocilia	?	4-8 simple chaetae	5-8 heterogomph falcigers; 0-3 simple, hooked chaetae	Gaston & Benner (1981Gaston, G.R. & Benner, D.A. 1981. On Dorvilleidae and Iphitimidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) with a redescription of Eteonopsis geryonicola and a new host record. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 94: 76-87.)
O. gracilis Huth, 1933	?/?	Present	Eight	?	Present	Absent	?	?	Pleijel & Eide (1996Pleijel, F. & Eide, R. 1996. The phylogeny of Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae: Eunicida: Polychaeta). Journal of Natural History, 30: 647-659.)
O. hartmanni Huth, 1933	?/?	Absent	Eight	?	Absent	Absent	?	?	Pleijel & Eide (1996Pleijel, F. & Eide, R. 1996. The phylogeny of Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae: Eunicida: Polychaeta). Journal of Natural History, 30: 647-659.)
O. maciolekae Hilbig & Blake, 1991Hilbig, B. & James, A. 1991. Dorvilleidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the U.S. Atlantic slope and rise. Description of two new genera and 14 new species, with generic revision of Ophryotrocha. Zoologica Scripta, 20(2): 147-183.	1.8/0.4	Absent	Four	Wider than shafts; 18 teeth	Absent	?	2-4 straight and simple cultriform chaetae; 2 simple geniculate cultriform chaetae	2-5 heterogomph falcigers, with smooth blades; 1 simple chaeta	Hilbig & Blake (1991Hilbig, B. & James, A. 1991. Dorvilleidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the U.S. Atlantic slope and rise. Description of two new genera and 14 new species, with generic revision of Ophryotrocha. Zoologica Scripta, 20(2): 147-183.)
O. magnadentata *Wiklund et al.,* 2012**Wiklund, H.; Altamira, I.V.; Glover, A.G.; Smith, C.R.; Baco, A.R. & Dahlgren, T.G. 2012. Systematics and biodiversity of Ophryotrocha (Annelida, Dorvilleidae) with descriptions of six new species from deep-sea whale-fall and wood-fall habitats in the north-east Pacific. Systematics and Biodiversity, 10: 243-259.	2.32/-	Not observed	Seven	Wider than shafts	Present; bi-articulated	?	Up to 3 simple serrated bifid chaetae	5 heterogomph falcigers with serrated blades	*Wiklund et al.* (2012**Wiklund, H.; Altamira, I.V.; Glover, A.G.; Smith, C.R.; Baco, A.R. & Dahlgren, T.G. 2012. Systematics and biodiversity of Ophryotrocha (Annelida, Dorvilleidae) with descriptions of six new species from deep-sea whale-fall and wood-fall habitats in the north-east Pacific. Systematics and Biodiversity, 10: 243-259.)
O. mammillata *Ravara et al.,* 2015**Ravara, A.; Marçal, A.R.; Wiklund, H. & Hilário, A. 2015. First account on the diversity of Ophryotrocha (Annelida, Dorvilleidae) from a mammal-fall in the deep-Atlantic Ocean with the description of three new species. Systematics and Biodiversity, 2000: 1-16.	2.9/?	Absent	Six	As wide as shafts	Present; bi-articulated	12 pairs present, beginning at the 24th segment	Up to 5 simple flattened and serrated chaetae	Up to 6 heterogomph falcigers, with serrated blades; 1 serrated, knob-like tip, simple chaeta	*Ravara et al.* (2015**Ravara, A.; Marçal, A.R.; Wiklund, H. & Hilário, A. 2015. First account on the diversity of Ophryotrocha (Annelida, Dorvilleidae) from a mammal-fall in the deep-Atlantic Ocean with the description of three new species. Systematics and Biodiversity, 2000: 1-16.)
O. mediterranea Martin, Abello & Cartes, 1991Martin, D.; Abelló, P. & Cartes, J. 1991. A new species of Ophryotrocha (Polychaeta: Dorvilleidae) commensal in Geryon longipes (Crustacea: Brachyura) from the Western Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Natural History, 25: 279-292.	135/?	Absent	Seven	As wide as shafts	Present; smooth	?	4-8 simple serrated and hooked chaetae	3-10 heterogomph falcigers, with serrated blades; 1-4 simple chaetae, 1 with falcate tip	*Martin et al.* (1991**Martin, D.; Abelló, P. & Cartes, J. 1991. A new species of Ophryotrocha (Polychaeta: Dorvilleidae) commensal in Geryon longipes (Crustacea: Brachyura) from the Western Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Natural History, 25: 279-292.)
O. puerilis Claparède & Mecznikow, 1869	13/0.7	Present	Seven	Wider than shafts; 17-20 teeth	Present, with stereocilia	18 pairs, on posterior segments	3-4 simple chaetae	4-6 heterogomph falcigers, with serrated blades; 1 simple serrated chaeta	Paxton & Åkesson, (2007Paxton, H. & Åkesson, B. 2007. Redescription of Ophryotrocha puerilis and O. labronica (Annelida, Dorvilleidae). Marine Biology Research, 3: 3-19.)
O. urbis Jimi, Taru & Imura, 2019Jimi, N.; Taru, M. & Imura, S. 2019. Life in the city: a new scavenger species of Ophryotrocha. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 132: 131-140.	7/1.5	Present	Seven	Wider than the shafts	Present	?	8-10, finely serrated, spatulated simple chaetae	5-6 heterogomph falcigers; simple chaetae absent.	*Jimi et al.,* 2019**Jimi, N.; Taru, M. & Imura, S. 2019. Life in the city: a new scavenger species of Ophryotrocha. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 132: 131-140.
O. zitae sp. nov.	4.2/0.9	Present	Seven	Narrower than the shafts	Present; smooth	14 pairs, beginning at the 11th segment	3-4 simple supra-acicular chaetae	3-4 heterogomph falcigers; 1 simple chaeta	This paper
O. wubaolingi Miura, 1997Miura, T. 1997. Two new species of the genus Ophryotrocha (Polychaeta, Iphitimidae) from Kagoshima Bay. Bulletin of Marine Science, 60: 300-305.	9.2/0.9	?	Seven	Wider than shafts	Present; bi-articulated	?	More than 10 simple serrated chaetae	More than 10 heterogomph falcigers, with serrated blades	Miura (1997Miura, T. 1997. Two new species of the genus Ophryotrocha (Polychaeta, Iphitimidae) from Kagoshima Bay. Bulletin of Marine Science, 60: 300-305.)

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[1] ²E-mail: vinicius.ghostty@gmail.com (corresponding author)