Van Nieuwenhuysen et al. [9[9] Van Nieuwenhuysen JP, D'Hoore W, Carvalho J, Qvist V. Long-term evaluation of extensive restorations in permanent teeth. J Dent 2003; 31(6):395-405. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0300-5712(03)00084-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0300-5712(03)00...
] |
Failures occurred in 28% of amalgam restorations. The highest percentage of extractions was related to complete amalgam restorations in premolars. The mean time of survival was 12.8 years for amalgam fillings. |
Failures occurred in 30% of resin restorations. The mean time of survival was 7.8 years for resin restorations. |
17 years |
Wahl et al. [10[10] Wahl MJ, Schmitt MM, Overton DA, Gordon MK. Prevalence of cusp fractures in teeth restored with amalgam and with resin-based composite. J Am Dent Assoc 2004; 135(8):1127-1132; quiz 1164-5. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2004.0371 https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.20...
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In 10,082 teeth restored with amalgam, the prevalence of cusp fracture was 1.88%. |
In 787 teeth restored with resin composite, the prevalence of cusp fracture was 2.29%. |
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Tyas [11[11] Tyas MJ. Placement and replacement of restorations by selected practitioners. Aust Dent J 2005; 50(2):81-89; quiz 127. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2005.tb00345.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2005...
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Secondary caries were the main reason for replacing restorations, predominantly affecting amalgam restorations in Class I and V cavities. Teeth are restored with amalgam fractured almost twice as often as teeth restored with composite resin. The mean age of replacement for amalgam was 13.6 years (?) |
The mean age of resin composite at time of replacement was 7.1 years(?). |
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Mannocci et al. [12[12] Mannocci F, Qualtrough AJ, Worthington HV, Watson TF, Pitt Ford TR. Randomized clinical comparison of endodontically treated teeth restored with amalgam or with fiber posts and resin composite: Five-year results. Oper Dent 2005; 30(1):9-15.] |
The survival rate of amalgam found in this study was 91.3%; |
The survival rate of teeth restored with fiberglass post and composite resin was 90%. |
5 years |
Opdam et al. [13[13] Opdamÿ NJM, Bronkhorst EM, Roeters MJ, Loomans BAC. A retrospective clinical study on longevity of posterior composite and amalgam restorations. Dent Mater 2007; 23(1):2-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2005.11.036 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2005.11...
] |
For amalgam, they revealed a survival rate of 89.6% in 5 years and 79.2% in 10 years. |
For resin composite, they revealed a survival rate of 91.7% in 5 years and 82.2% in 10 years. |
Between 5 and 10 years |
Bernado et al. [14[14] Bernardo M, Luis H, Martin MD, Leroux BG, Rue T, Leitão J, et al. Survival and reasons for failure of amalgam versus composite posterior restorations placed in a randomized clinical trial. J Am Dent Assoc 2007; 138(6):775-783. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2007.0265 https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.20...
] |
The survival rate of amalgam restorations was 94.4%. |
The survival rate of resin composite restorations was 85.5%. |
7 years |
Burke and Lucarotti [15[15] Burke FJ, Lucarotti PS. How long do direct restorations placed within the general dental services in England and Wales survive? Br Dent J 2009; 206(1):E2; discussion 26-27. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2008.1042 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2008.1042...
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Amalgam restorations, Class I have a mean survival time of 10 years before reintervention (58%) compared with large amalgam fillings, such as Class II (43%). |
Composite resin and glass ionomer restorations have a worse performance than amalgam restorations. |
10 years |
Opdam et al. [16[16] Opdamÿ NJM, Bronkhorst EM, Loomans BAC, Huysmans DNJM. 12-year survival of composite vs. amalgam restorations. J Dent Res 2010; 89(10):1063-1067. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034510376071 https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034510376071...
] |
In the high-risk group, composite resin and amalgam restorations showed comparable performance, with amalgam performing better in more minor restorations. |
Composite resin restorations showed better survival for the combined risk group and the low-risk group. |
12 years |
Heintze and Rousson [17[17] Heintze SD, Rousson V. Clinical effectiveness of direct class II restorations - A meta-analysis. J Adhes Dent 2012; 14(5):407-431. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.a28390 https://doi.org/10.3290/j.jad.a28390...
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The ratio of Class I/Class II restorations did not significantly influence the results. The mean success rate of amalgam fillings was 94%. |
The general survival rate of resin composite restorations was 90%. The frequency of caries adjacent to restorations was low in most studies, with a mean prevalence of around 3% after 10 years. The mean survival rate of resin composite restorations was approximately 92%. |
10 years |
Moraschini et al. [18[18] Moraschini V, Cheung KF, Alto RM, Santos GO. Amalgam and resin composite longevity of posterior restorations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2015; 43(9):1043-1050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2015.06.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2015.06....
] |
The mean survival rate of amalgam ranged from 76%, with a mean annual failure rate of 1.71. |
The mean survival rate of amalgam ranged from 56% with a mean annual failure rate of 3.17%, respectively. |
5 years |
Naghipur et al. [19[19] Naghipur S, Pesun I, Nowakowski A, Kim A. Twelve-year survival of 2-surface composite resin and amalgam premolar restorations placed by dental students. J Prosthet Dent 2016; 116(3):336-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.02.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2016....
] |
Sixty-six amalgam restorations (5.9%) failed. Long-term failures (over two years) occurred in 43 amalgam restorations (3.8%). In 12 years, the probability of survival was 91.5% for amalgam. |
Resin restorations showed 1.3 times more propensity to failure; 134 Resin Composite restorations (7.9%) failed. Long-term failures (over two years) included 77 resin composite restorations (4.5%). In 12 years, the probability of survival was 86% for resin composite. |
12 years |
Burke and Lucarotti [20[20] Burke FJT, Lucarotti PSK. The ultimate guide to restoration longevity in England and Wales. Part 10: key findings from a ten million restoration dataset. Br Dent J 2018; 225(11):1011-1018. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.1029 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.1029...
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In 4 years. the results indicated a cumulative rate of reintervention by direct restoration, crown, or extraction of 66.1% for single-surface restorations (i.e., Class I and Class V), 67.5% for two-surface, 63.0% for three-surface restorations and 55.8% for four-surface restorations, however, their data did not include details of the materials used. |
For composite restorations, 34% survived for 15 years, with approximately 43% surviving for up to 10 years and approximately 59% for five years. When the data concerning extraction time were reanalyzed, it was apparent that about 83% of teeth restored with a composite restoration survived for 15 years. |
15 years |
Worthington et al. [21[21] Worthington HV, Khangura S, Seal K, Mierzwinski-Urban M, Veitz-Keenan A, Sahrmann P, et al. Direct composite resin fillings versus amalgam fillings for permanent posterior teeth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 8(8):CD005620. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005620.pub3 https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD00562...
] |
Low-certainty evidence suggested that composite resin restorations may have a failure rate nearly twice that of amalgam restorations. |
The risk of restoration fracture does not appear to be greater with composite restorations, but there is a much greater risk of developing secondary caries. |
3 years |