Sella Turcica Morphometry in Skeletal Malocclusions: A Cephalometric Evaluation in a Cambodian Cohort

Chihan, Na; Sivaramakrishnan, Gowri; Chaurasia, Akhilanand; Viet, Hoang; Chanmanee, Pannapat; Kurniawan, Arofi; Mandava, Prasad; Issrani, Rakhi; Alam, Mohammad Khursheed; Marya, Anand

doi:10.1590/pboci.2026.111

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Pesqui. Bras. Odontopediatria Clín. Integr. 26 • 2026 • https://doi.org/10.1590/pboci.2026.111 linkcopy

Sella Turcica Morphometry in Skeletal Malocclusions: A Cephalometric Evaluation in a Cambodian Cohort

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective: To measure the linear dimensions of the Sella Turcica (ST) and assess its morphological characteristics across different age groups, genders, and skeletal malocclusion classes within a Cambodian population sample.

Material and Methods: A total of 150 archived cephalometric radiographs comprising 50 each from skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion groups were retrospectively selected from patient records at the UP Dental Hospital and traced to measure the ANB angle (A point-Nasion-B point), ST length, depth, anteroposterior diameter, and Cp-Ca distance in millimeters.

Results: Age showed a significant positive relationship with the ANB angle (r = 0.415, p < 0.001), AP diameter (r = 0.314, p < 0.001), and Cp-Ca (r = 0.269, p = 0.001). Females had a higher mean ANB angle and depth compared to males, whereas males had a higher mean length, AP diameter, and Cp-Ca compared to females. Class III exhibited significantly lower mean length, AP diameter, and Cp-Ca than Class I and Class II. At the same time, Class II demonstrated a significantly greater mean depth than Class I.

Conclusion: This study highlights significant variations in the linear dimensions of the ST across different skeletal malocclusion classes in a Cambodian population. Class III individuals exhibited smaller ST dimensions compared to Class I and II, while Class II showed greater ST depth.

Keywords:
Malocclusion; Cephalometry; Sella Turcica.

Parameter	Intra-Class Correlation Coefficient		Interpretation
	Observer 1	Observer 2
Length (mm)	0.88	0.84	Excellent
Depth (mm)	0.91	0.86	Excellent
AP Diameter (mm)	0.86	0.81	Excellent
Cp-Ca Distance (mm)	0.93	0.90	Excellent

Parameter	Mean ± Standard Deviation (mm)	Range (mm)
Length	6.79 ± 2.49	0.50 - 13.50
Depth	8.54 ± 5.68	0.50 - 75.00
AP diameter	9.88 ± 1.83	4.45 - 15.00
Cp-Ca	8.96 ± 1.22	6.00 - 12.50

Parameters	Pearson Correlation (°)	Significance
Age and ANB	0.415	< 0.001
Age and Length	0.106	0.196
Age and Depth	-0.051	0.533
Age and AP diameter	0.314	< 0.001
Age and Cp-Ca	0.269	0.001

	Gender	N	Mean ± Standard Deviation (mm)	p-value
Length	Female	102	6.67 ± 2.46	0.289
	Male	48	7.05 ± 2.56
Depth	Female	102	8.68 ± 6.82	0.894
	Male	48	8.23 ± 1.31
AP Diameter	Female	102	9.86 ± 1.86	0.872
	Male	48	9.92 ± 1.79
Cp-Ca	Female	102	8.90 ± 1.16	0.491
	Male	48	9.09 ± 1.33

Variables	Skeletal Class	N	Mean ± Standard Deviation (°)	p-value	Pairwise Comparison	p-value	Mean Difference
ANB	Class I	50	1.52 ± 1.33	< 0.001	Class I - Class II	< 0.001	-4.81
	Class II	50	6.33 ± 2.17		Class I - Class III	< 0.001	7.96
	Class III	50	-6.44 ± -6.44		Class II - Class III	< 0.001	12.76
Length	Class I	50	7.07 ± 2.71	0.009	Class I - Class II	0.747	-0.19
	Class II	50	7.26 ± 2.65		Class I - Class III	0.014	1.03
	Class III	50	6.04 ± 1.92		Class II - Class III	0.005	1.22
Depth	Class I	50	8.53 ± 1.69	0.019	Class I - Class II	0.030	-0.62
	Class II	50	9.15 ± 9.58		Class I - Class III	0.008	0.60
	Class III	50	7.93 ± 1.20		Class II - Class III	0.625	1.22
AP Diameter	Class I	50	10.17 ± 1.92	0.016	Class I - Class II	0.607	0.06
	Class II	50	10.11 ± 1.93		Class I - Class III	0.007	0.81
	Class III	50	9.36 ± 1.54		Class II - Class III	0.028	0.75
Cp-Ca	Class I	50	9.09 ± 1.29	0.019	Class I - Class II	0.723	-0.11
	Class II	50	9.20 ± 1.23		Class I - Class III	0.025	0.50
	Class III	50	8.59 ± 1.06		Class II - Class III	0.009	0.61

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