This work approaches an aspect of the extremely vast and complex subject of roguery in Brazil, in one of its more revealing moments for the analysis: the Getulista government period, more specifically the New State (1937 - 1945). The clash between the conceptions and practices of roguery and those, formed by the historical, political and social events of the thirties with the need of Vargas government for creating a new mentality, subjectivity, and a new culture, that impelled its project of national construction, is shown with examples of works of the Brazilian popular music. Specifically the samba, that adopted since its appearance, with fast acceptance by wide social classes a "roguish diction", it is an inexhaustible source to show how this conflict was started, which roads it proceeded, and its outcome - which is just a phase, since scoundrels and roguery remain as part of our social reality.
roguery; New State; Brazilian popular music