Abstract
Memory training is an alternative for cognitive improvement with elderly, currently evidenced in Brazilian research. Nevertheless, there is no verification of the differences between types of training, in order to identify the effectiveness of different strategies in intervention. Therefore, this paper seeks to compare strategies adopted in the Brazilian context. A meta-analysis was carried out, evaluating the effect size, publication bias and heterogeneity of the studies. The results indicate a statistically insignificant effect from insignificant to moderate on the worked memory subsystems, although with a moderate and significant effect on incidental memory. The presence of bias in publications and high heterogeneity between studies are indicated. Subsequent meta-analyses should associate the results with methodological characteristics of the works.
Keywords:
memory; aging; elderly; cognitive training
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Note. Size of the effect (std. mean difference) of interventions on memory, with lower and upper limits, heterogeneity (heterogeneity), mean (mean), standard deviation (SD), group size (total ), tests for general effect (test for overall effect) and differences in subgroups (test for subgroup differences). On the left side of the graph, effects favoring the control group (favors control) and, on the right, the experimental group (favors experimental). Random effects model (random [effects]), with 95% CI (CI). α = 0.05. Figure, calculations and graphs generated by RevMan® 5.3.
Note. Funnel plot indicating publication bias, with the magnitude of the effect (standardized mean difference or SMD) on the horizontal x-axis and standard error (SE, standard error) of each study on the y-axis, vertical. Figure generated by RevMan® 5.3.
Note. Categorização: categorization; grifos: emphasis of words; imaginação: imagination; psicoeducação: psychoeducation; repetição: repetition. Effect size (std. mean difference) of interventions in Episodic Memory memory according to the adopted strategy, with lower and upper limits, heterogeneity (heterogeneity), mean (mean), standard deviation (SD [standard deviation]), group size ( total), tests for general effect (test for overall effect) and differences in subgroups (test for subgroup differences). On the left side of the graph, effects favoring the control group (favours control) and, on the right, the experimental group (favours experimental). Random effects model (random [effects]), with 95% CI (CI). α = 0.05. Figure, calculations and graphs generated by RevMan® 5.3.
Note. Categorização: categorization; imaginação: imagination; psicoeducação: psychoeducation; repetição: repetition. Effect size (std. mean difference) of interventions in Episodic Memory memory according to the adopted strategy, with lower and upper limits, heterogeneity (heterogeneity), mean (mean), standard deviation (SD [standard deviation]), group size (total), tests for general effect (test for overall effect) and differences in subgroups (test for subgroup differences). On the left side of the graph, effects favoring the control group (favors control) and, on the right, the experimental group (experimental favors). Random effects model (random [effects]), with 95% CI (CI). α = 0.05. Figure, calculations and graphs generated by RevMan® 5.3.
Note. Imaginação: imagination; psicoeducação: psychoeducation; repetição: repetition. Effect size (std. mean difference) of interventions in incidental memory according to the adopted strategy, with lower and upper limits, heterogeneity (heterogeneity), mean (mean), standard deviation (SD [standard deviation]), group size (total), tests for general effect (test for overall effect) and differences in subgroups (test for subgroup differences). On the left side of the graph, effects favoring the control group (favors control) and, on the right, the experimental group (experimental favors). Random effects model (random [effects]), with 95% CI (CI). α = 0.05. Figure, calculations and graphs generated by RevMan® 5.3.
Note. Categorização: categorization; imaginação: imagination; psicoeducação: psychoeducation; repetição: repetition. Effect size (std. mean difference) of interventions in semantic memory according to the adopted strategy, with lower and upper limits, heterogeneity (heterogeneity), mean (mean), standard deviation (SD [standard deviation]), group size (total), tests for general effect (test for overall effect) and differences in subgroups (test for subgroup differences). On the left side of the graph, effects favoring the control group (favors control) and, on the right, the experimental group (experimental favors). Random effects model (random [effects]), with 95% CI (CI). α = 0.05. Figure, calculations and graphs generated by RevMan® 5.3.