Reasons for Retirement and Retirement Satisfaction

Amorim, Silvia Miranda; França, Lucia Helena

doi:10.1590/0102.3772e3558

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Brasil

Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa

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Brasil

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Social, Work and Organizations Psychology • Psic.: Teor. e Pesq. 35 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e3558 copy

Reasons for Retirement and Retirement Satisfaction

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study aims to verify the validity of the retirement satisfaction inventory (RSI) for Brazilians and its invariance with regard to gender, age, education, marital status, income and region of the country, and to investigate whether the reasons for retirement influence a person's retirement satisfaction. At total of 1,002 retirees participated in the study, including both men and women ranging in age from 44 to 88. The analyses indicated RSI being subdivided into two scales: i) the scale of satisfaction with retirement, and (ii) the reasons for retirement with good psychometric characteristics. The latter was found to be a predictor of the former. The instruments were structured differently than in other countries, but they were shown to be applicable in the Brazilian context, especially with regard to assessing interventions such as retirement preparation programs.

Keywords:
retirement; satisfaction; aging; organizations

Variables	Total sample (n = 1002)	Sub-sample 1 (n = 401)	Sub-sample 2 (n = 601)
Gender
Male	46.2	39.7	50.5
Female	53.8	60.3	49.5
Age
Average (Standard Deviation)	61.9 (6.6)	61.6 (6.3)	62.1 (6.8)
44 - 55 years	16.1	16.7	15.5
56 - 65 years	56.6	56.7	55.6
66 - 75 years	23.7	23.3	25.0
76 - 88 years	3.6	1.8	3.8
Marital status
Married or stable partnership	73.0	69.8	75.1
Single, divorced or widowed	27.0	30.2	24.9
Level of education
Early elementary	0.3	-	0.5
Elementary school	2.6	1.7	3.2
High school	25.2	24.7	25.5
College	42.2	40.1	43.5
Graduate study	29.8	33.4	27.3
Income
Up to 1 minimum wage	1.8	1.7	1.8
1 - 3 minimum wages	11.9	12.0	11.8
3 - 6 minimum wages	23.5	22.4	24.2
6 - 9 minimum wages	20.1	24.7	17.0
9 - 12 minimum wages	16.4	14.5	17.7
12 - 15 minimum wages	10.2	10.0	10.3
More than 15 minimum wages	16.1	14.7	17.2
Region
South	17.5	18.0	17.2
Southeast	43.5	43.4	43.5
Center-west	9.4	9.0	9.7
Northeast	24.9	24.9	24.8
North	4.8	4.7	4.8

Items	Factorial loads			^h2
Items	F1	F2	F3	^h2
1.To have time for my own interests	0.85			0.76
2. To have control over my life	0.75			0.67
3. To have time for family	0.75			0.57
4. To have time with friends	0.72			0.59
5. To make room for younger people	0.38			0.23
6. Because my retirement income is sufficient	0.37			0.24
11. Because of the excessive stress of work		0.56		0.31
20. To travel more		0.42		0.42
21. To take better care of myself		0.58		0.64
22. To have less stress		0.86		0.79
23. To relax more		0.82		0.85
24. To not have to work		0.47		0.23
25. To not have a boss to obey		0.49		0.27
26. To spend more time by myself		0.36		0.22
27. To do volunteer work			0.66	0.47
28. To have time for other activities			0.34	0.57
29. To participate in groups of retirees			0.70	0.51
30. To participate in other groups or associations			0.88	0.78
31. To have time to reflect			0.49	0.43

Items	Factorial loads			^h2
Items	F1	F2	F3	^h2
1.Physical health	0.79			0.60
2. Personal safety	0.72			0.59
3. Engaging in physical activities	0.68			0.47
4. Financial circumstances	0.69			0.50
5. Quality of residence	0.66			0.90
6. Health of a spouse or partner		0.93		0.91
8. Marital status (married/partner)		0.93		0.43
9. Situation of education and health services			0.75	0.65
10. Situation of community services			0.67	0.63
11. Situation of leisure services			0.70	0.66
12. Quality of the environment			0.70	0.59
13. Urban accessibility			0.83	0.70
14. Access to education			0.83	0.74
15. Respect for the dignity of the citizen			0.80	0.66

	AVE	R1	R2	R3	S1	S2	S3
R1 - Time for relationships	0.56		0.06	0.11	0.09	0.01	0.01
R2 - Reduction of stress	0.55	0.25*		0.06	0.01	0.01	0.01
R3 - Time for other activities	0.64	0.37*	0.24*		0.02	0.01	0.01
S1 - Satisfaction with individual resources	0.49	0.28*	0.08*	0.16*		0.02	0.04
S2 - Satisfaction with relationships	0.86	0.05	0.01	0.01	0.15*		0.01
S3 - Satisfaction with the quality of collective life	0.64	0.09*	0.04*	0.05*	0.21*	0.11*

	Sale of Reasons for Retirement			Scale of Satisfaction with Retirement
Variables	χ²	CFI	RMSEA	χ²	CFI	RMSEA
Gender
Configural	13345.8	0.81	0.11	619.4*	0.89	0.03
Metric	1360.7	0.81	0.10	640.6*	0.89	0.03
Scalar	13398.9*	0.80	0.10	657.9*	0.85	0.03
Age
Configural	1649.7*	0.72	0.16	854.1	0.87	0.11
Metric	1828.1*	0.69	0.16	889.5	0.87	0.11
Scalar	1891.8*	0.69	0.15	929.3	0.87	0.10
Marital status
Configural	921.8*	0.81	0.11	626.7	0.87	0.10
Metric	1018.9*	0.79	0.12	638.3	0.87	0.10
Scalar	3607.8*	0.15	0.24	654.3	0.87	0.09
Level of education
Configural	2682.2*	0.67	0.17	2086.2	0.67	0.17
Metric	2203.0*	0.66	0.17	2203.0	0.66	0.17
Scalar	2310.3*	0.64	0.16	2310.3	0.64	0.16
Family income
Configural	2558.8*	0.62	0.19	1522.6	0.79	0.15
Metric	2666.4*	0.61	0.18	1592.7	0.79	0.14
Scalar	2868.0*	0.59	0.18	1750.5	0.78	0.14
Region of the country
Configural	1899.6*	0.69	0.16	1899.6	0.69	0.16
Metric	1979.1*	0.69	0.16	1979.1	0.69	0.16
Scalar	2075.5*	0.68	0.15	2075.5	0.68	0.15

Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 - Brasília - DF - Brazil, Tel./Fax: (061) 274-6455 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: revistaptp@gmail.com

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