Elos Program's Efficacy Evaluation in School Management of Child Behavior: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial

Schneider, Daniela Ribeiro; Garcia, Douglas; D’Tolis, Paulo Otávio Andrade Oliveira; Ribeiro, Alessandra Mafra; Cruz, Joselaine Ida da; Sanchez, Zila M.

doi:10.1590/0102.3772e38315.en

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School and Developmental Psychology • Psic.: Teor. e Pesq. 38 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e38315.en copy

Elos Program's Efficacy Evaluation in School Management of Child Behavior: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial

Avaliação da Eficácia do Programa Elos no Manejo Escolar do Comportamento Infantil: Um Ensaio Controlado Não Randomizado

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The Elos Program resulted from a Brazilian cultural adaptation of the Good Behavior Game, a preventive strategy for classroom management to reduce aggressive and disruptive behaviors. The goal is to discuss the Elos Program’s efficacy during its implementation in 16 elementary Brazilian public schools in two cities in 2016. The design was a non-randomized controlled trial with 80 classes in each group, experimental and control, involving 1,731 students. The study used the Generalized Estimating Equation model to verify the program's effect. Elos seemed to be effective in reducing aggressiveness and disruptive behavior in boys. These results are aligned with others GBG international studies and suggest that, after a randomized trial, the program would be ready to be disseminated in Brazil.

Keywords:
Good Behavior Game; efficacy; cultural adaptation; prevention program; child mental health

	Groups				Total
	Control		Experimental		Total
Gender	790	100.0%	941	100.0%	1731	100.0%	0.778
Male	405	51.3%	476	50.6%	881	50.9%
Female	385	48.7%	465	49.4%	850	49.1%
Grade	790	100.0%	941	100.0%	1731	100.0%	0.197
1^st grade	226	28.6%	271	28.8%	497	28.7%
2^nd grade	144	18.2%	140	14.9%	284	16.4%
3^rd grade	228	28.9%	308	32.7%	536	31.0%
4^th grade	141	17.8%	172	18.3%	313	18.1%
5^th grade	51	6.5%	50	5.3%	101	5.8%
City	790	100.0%	941	100.0%	1731	100.0%	<0.001
SBC	429	54.3%	426	45.3%	855	49.4%
SP	361	45.7%	515	54.7%	876	50.6%

MINE	Pre
Aggressive behavior		0.265
Control	16.6 ± 21.4
Experimental	17.7 ± 20.4
Disruptive behavior		0.034
Control	30.6 ± 24.8
Experimental	33.1 ± 23.5
Engagement in activities		0.804
Control	65.3 ± 28.9
Experimental	65.6 ± 27.6
Socialization		0.002
Control	73.9 ± 19.3
Experimental	71.0 ± 19.8
Self-control		0.009
Control	60.3 ± 23.6
Experimental	57.4 ± 22.8

MINE	Boys			Girls
MINE	Pre	Post	Post - Pre	Pre	Post	Post - Pre
Aggressive behavior
Control	21.6 ± 24.4	19.7 ± 24.2	-2.0 ± 16.6	11.2 ± 16.0	10.2 ± 16	-1.0 ± 11.3
Experimental	23.8 ± 22.5	18.8 ± 20.5	-5.0 ± 14.6	11.4 ± 15.7	10.4 ± 15	-1.0 ± 9.7
Disruptive behavior
Control	36.2 ± 26.5	32.0 ± 26.0	-4.3 ± 18.0	24.7 ± 21.3	20.5 ± 19.8	-4.2 ± 15.4
Experimental	39.6 ± 24.4	31.6 ± 21.8	-8.0 ± 16.1	26.5 ± 20.5	22.5 ± 19.9	-4.0 ± 14.3
Engagement in activities
Control	59.0 ± 30.1	65.2 ± 29.0	6.2 ± 17.9	71.9 ± 26.1	77.2 ± 26.0	5.3 ± 15.7
Experimental	60.9 ± 28.4	66.1 ± 26.0	5.1 ± 16.2	70.4 ± 25.9	74.3 ± 24.7	3.9 ± 16.4
Socialization
Control	71.7 ± 19.4	75.4 ± 19.4	3.7 ± 14.6	76.2 ± 19.0	80.5 ± 18.1	4.3 ± 14.6
Experimental	70.2 ± 20.1	73.6 ± 19.7	3.5 ± 13.0	71.8 ± 19.4	76.5 ± 18.3	4.7 ± 14.2
Self-control
Control	55.0 ± 23.3	61.8 ± 25.5	6.8 ± 19.2	65.9 ± 22.5	73.5 ± 23.5	7.6 ± 19.1
Experimental	52.7 ± 22.3	61.6 ± 22.8	8.9 ± 17.9	62.2 ± 22.3	68.6 ± 22.5	6.4 ± 17.0

	Boys (n=881)			Girls (n=850)
	Coefficient	SD		Coefficient	SD
Aggressive Behavior
Experimental Group	2.20	1.59	0.167	0.27	1.09	0.806
Time - post (ref.=pre)	-1.97	0.83	0.017	-1.02	0.57	0.076
Time x Exper Group	-3.05	1.06	0.004	-0.03	0.73	0.966
Grade (ref.=1^st grade)
2^nd grade	2.56	2.34	0.273	2.06	1.69	0.223
3^rd grade	1.96	1.89	0.300	0.24	1.33	0.856
4^th grade	-3.84	1.98	0.053	-5.32	1.23	<0.001
5^th grade	0.90	3.58	0.801	-0.42	2.39	0.860
Disruptive Behavior
Experimental Group	3.23	1.73	0.062	1.92	1.45	0.185
Time - post (ref.=pre)	-4.27	0.89	<0.001	-4.21	0.79	<0.001
Time x Exper Group	-3.71	1.16	0.001	0.25	1.03	0.807
Grade (ref.=1^st grade)
2^nd grade	2.49	2.47	0.315	2.87	2.15	0.181
3^rd grade	2.68	2.10	0.201	-0.33	1.66	0.841
4^th grade	-0.38	2.27	0.868	-2.84	1.80	0.115
5^th grade	-0.66	3.73	0.859	-5.89	3.15	0.061

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