Saúde Mental e Avaliação Psicológica Durante a Pandemia de Covid-19: Revisão Sistemática

Scortegagna, Silvana Alba; Lima, Eduardo dos Santos; Marchi, Ana Carolina Bertoletti De; Portella, Marilene Rodrigues

doi:10.1590/0102.3772e38425.pt

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Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa

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Psicologia Clínica e Cultura • Psic.: Teor. e Pesq. 38 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e38425.pt copiar

Saúde Mental e Avaliação Psicológica Durante a Pandemia de Covid-19: Revisão Sistemática

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os efeitos da pandemia de Covid-19 na saúde mental de populações adultas e verificar os recursos de avaliação empregados. A partir de uma revisão sistemática, segundo as recomendações do PRISMA, foram identificados 1.158 artigos nas bases de dados Pubmed, PsycINFO, PePSIC e Scielo, dos quais 54 atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade para análise. As populações pesquisadas contemplaram adultos em geral, profissionais de saúde e adultos idosos; sintomas de ansiedade e depressão foram os mais relatados; houve expressiva diversidade nos recursos de avaliação aplicados on-line. Políticas de prevenção, promoção de saúde mental para populações mais vulneráveis, assim como o desenvolvimento de testes de avaliação com evidências de validade para aplicação on-line, são uma realidade premente.

Palavras-chave:
Estados psíquicos; Adultos; Avaliação psicológica; Profissionais de saúde; Idosos

População	Participantes	Autores	País de origem
População adulta geral (n=19)	151 a 7.236 pessoas (idades de 18 a 90 anos)	(Becerra-García et al., 2020*Becerra-García, J. A., Giménez Ballesta, G., Sánchez-Gutiérrez, T., Barbeito Resa, S., & Calvo Calvo, A. (2020). Síntomas psicopatológicos durante la cuarentena por Covid-19 en población general española: un análisis preliminar en función de variables sociodemográficas y ambientales-ocupacionales [Psychopathological symptoms during the quarantine by Covid-19 in general Spanish population: a preliminary analysis on the function of sociodemographic and environmental-occupational variables]. Revista Espanola de Salud Publica, 94(9), 1-11. https://www.mscbs.gob.es/biblioPublic/publicaciones/recursos_propios/resp/revista_cdrom/VOL94/O_BREVES/RS94C_202006059.pdf https://www.mscbs.gob.es/biblioPublic/pu... )	China (n=8)
		(Choi et al., 2020*Choi, E. P. H., Hui, B. P. H., & Wan, E. Y. F. (2020). Depression and anxiety in Hong Kong during covid-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103740 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103740... )	Índia (n=3)
		(Gao et al., 2020*Gao, J., Zheng, P., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Mao, Y., Chen, S., Wang, Y., Fu, H., & Dai, J. (2020). Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. PLOS ONE, 15(4), e0231924. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231924 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.023... )	Espanha (n=3)
		(Huang & Zhao, 2020*Huang, Y., & Zhao, N. (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Research, 288, 112954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.... )	Reino Unido (n=1)
		(Lei et al., 2020*Lei, L., Huang, X., Zhang, S., Yang, J., Yang, L., & Xu, M. (2020). Comparison of Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anxiety and Depression among People Affected by versus People Unaffected by Quarantine during the COVID-19 Epidemic in Southwestern China. Medical Science Monitor, 26, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.924609 https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.924609... )	Turquia (n=1)
		(Lin et al., 2020*Lin, Y., Hu, Z., Alias, H., & Wong, L. P. (2020). Knowledge, Attitudes, Impact, and Anxiety Regarding COVID-19 Infection Among the Public in China. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 236. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00236 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00236... )	Jordânia (n=1)
		(Mazza et al., 2020*Mazza, C., Ricci, E., Biondi, S., Colasanti, M., Ferracuti, S., Napoli, C., & Roma, P. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among italian people during the covid-19 pandemic: Immediate psychological responses and associated factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093165 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093165... )	Austrália (n=1)
		(Naser et al., 2020*Naser, A. Y., Dahmash, E. Z., Al‐Rousan, R., Alwafi, H., Alrawashdeh, H. M., Ghoul, I., Abidine, A., Bokhary, M. A., AL‐Hadithi, H. T., Ali, D., Abuthawabeh, R., Abdelwahab, G. M., Alhartani, Y. J., Al Muhaisen, H., Dagash, A., & Alyami, H. S. (2020). Mental health status of the general population, healthcare professionals, and university students during 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak in Jordan: A cross‐sectional study. Brain and Behavior, 10(8), e01730. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1730 https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1730... )	Itália (n=1)
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		(Parrado-González & León-Jariego, 2020*Parrado-González, A., & León-Jariego, J. C. (2020). COVID-19: Factores asociados al malestar emocional y morbilidad psíquica en población española [Factors associated with emotional distress and mental morbidity in the Spanish population]. Revista Espanola de Salud Publica, 94(8), 1-16. https://www.mscbs.gob.es/biblioPublic/publicaciones/recursos_propios/resp/revista_cdrom/VOL94/ORIGINALES/RS94C_202006058.pdf https://www.mscbs.gob.es/biblioPublic/pu... )
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		(Verma & Mishra, 2020*Verma, S., & Mishra, A. (2020). Depression, anxiety, and stress and socio-demographic correlates among general Indian public during COVID-19. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(8), 756-762. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020934508 https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020934508... )
		( H. Wang et al., 2020*Wang, H., Xia, Q., Xiong, Z., Li, Z., Xiang, W., Yuan, Y., Liu, Y., & Li, Z. (2020). The psychological distress and coping styles in the early stages of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic in the general mainland Chinese population: A web-based survey. PLoS ONE, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233410 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.023... )
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		(Zheng et al., 2020*Zheng, L., Miao, M., Lim, J., Li, M., Nie, S., & Zhang, X. (2020). Is lockdown bad for social anxiety in COVID-19 regions?: A national study in the SOR perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124561 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124561... )
		(Roy et al., 2020*Roy, D., Tripathy, S., Kar, S. K., Sharma, N., Verma, S. K., & Kaushal, V. (2020). Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 102083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102083 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.10208... )
Profissionais da saúde (n=28)	1 a 14.866 (idades de 18 a 60 anos)	(Anmella et al., 2020*Anmella, G., Fico, G., Roca, A., Gómez-Ramiro, M., Vázquez, M., Murru, A., Pacchiarotti, I., Verdolini, N., & Vieta, E. (2020). Unravelling potential severe psychiatric repercussions on healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 crisis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 273(1), 422-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.061 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.06... )	China (n=19)
		( C. Zhang et al., 2020*Zhang, C., Yang, L., Liu, S., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Du, H., Li, R., Kang, L., Su, M., Zhang, J., Liu, Z., & Zhang, B. (2020). Survey of Insomnia and Related Social Psychological Factors Among Medical Staff Involved in the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Outbreak. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11(April), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00306 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00306... )	Índia (n=2)
		(Liu et al., 2020*Liu, C.-Y., Yang, Y., Zhang, X.-M., Xu, X., Dou, Q.-L., Zhang, W.-W., & Cheng, A. S. K. (2020). The prevalence and influencing factors in anxiety in medical workers fighting COVID-19 in China: a cross-sectional survey. Epidemiology and Infection, 148, e98. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268820001107 https://doi.org/10.1017/S095026882000110... )	Alemanha (n=1)
		(Cai et al., 2020*Cai, W., Lian, B., Song, X., Hou, T., Deng, G., & Li, H. (2020). A cross-sectional study on mental health among health care workers during the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51(April), 102111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102111 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.10211... )	Itália (n=1)
		(Civantos et al., 2020Civantos, A. M., Byrnes, Y., Chang, C., Prasad, A., Chorath, K., Poonia, S. K., Jenks, C. M., Bur, A. M., Thakkar, P., Graboyes, E. M., Seth, R., Trosman, S., Wong, A., Laitman, B. M., Harris, B. N., Shah, J., Stubbs, V., Choby, G., Long, Q., … Rajasekaran, K. (2020). Mental health among otolaryngology resident and attending physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic: National study. Head and Neck, 212(May), 1597-1609. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26292 https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26292... )	Jordânia (n=1)
		( D. Sun et al., 2020*Sun, D., Yang, D., Li, Y., Zhou, J., Wang, W., Wang, Q., Lin, N., Cao, A., Wang, H., & Zhang, Q. (2020). Psychological impact of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak in health workers in China. Epidemiology and Infection, 148, e96. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268820001090 https://doi.org/10.1017/S095026882000109... )	Espanha (n=1)
		(Dong et al., 2020*Dong, Z.-Q., Ma, J., Hao, Y.-N., Shen, X.-L., Liu, F., Gao, Y., & Zhang, L. (2020). The social psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical staff in China: A cross-sectional study. European Psychiatry, 63(1), e65. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.59 https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.59... )	Paquistão (n=1)
		(Fawaz & Samaha, 2020*Fawaz, M., & Samaha, A. (2020). The psychosocial effects of being quarantined following exposure to COVID-19: A qualitative study of Lebanese health care workers. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(6), 560-565. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020932202 https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020932202... )	Líbano (n=1)
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		(Rossi et al., 2020*Rossi, R., Socci, V., Pacitti, F., Di Lorenzo, G., Di Marco, A., Siracusano, A., & Rossi, A. (2020). Mental Health Outcomes Among Frontline and Second-Line Health Care Workers During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Italy. JAMA Network Open, 3(5), e2010185. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.10185 https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.... )
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Adultos idosos (n=7)	1 a 1501 pessoas (idades de 60 a 88 anos)	(Goethals et al., 2020*Goethals, L., Barth, N., Guyot, J., Hupin, D., Celarier, T., & Bongue, B. (2020). Impact of home quarantine on physical activity among older adults living at home during the COVID-19 pandemic: Qualitative interview study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(5), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.2196/19007 https://doi.org/10.2196/19007... )	Espanha (n=1)
		(Goodman-Casanova et al., 2020*Goodman-Casanova, J. M., Dura-Perez, E., Guzman-Parra, J., Cuesta-Vargas, A., & Mayoral-Cleries, F. (2020). Telehealth home support during COVID-19 confinement for community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia: Survey study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(5), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.2196/19434 https://doi.org/10.2196/19434... )	Estados Unidos (n=1)
		(Iaboni et al., 2020*Iaboni, A., Cockburn, A., Marcil, M., Rodrigues, K., Marshall, C., Garcia, M. A., Quirt, H., Reynolds, K. B., Keren, R., & Flint, A. J. (2020). Achieving Safe, Effective, and Compassionate Quarantine or Isolation of Older Adults With Dementia in Nursing Homes. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(8), 835-838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.04.025 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.04.0... )	França (n=1)
		(Kivi et al., 2020*Kivi, M., Hansson, I., & Bjälkebring, P. (2020). Up and About: Older Adults’ Well-being During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Swedish Longitudinal Study. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, XX, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa084 https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa084... )	Canadá (n=1)
		(Losada-Baltar et al., 2020*Losada-Baltar, A., Márquez-González, M., Jiménez-Gonzalo, L., Pedroso-Chaparro I, Del Sequeros, M., Gallego-Alberto, L., & Fernandes-Pires, J. (2020). Differences in anxiety, sadness, loneliness and comorbid anxiety and sadness as a function of age and self-perceptions of aging during the lock-out period due to COVID-19. Revista Espanola de Geriatria y Gerontologia, 55(5), 272-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regg.2020.05.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regg.2020.05.0... )	Suécia (n=1)
		(Naarding et al., 2020*Naarding, P., Oude Voshaar, R. C., & Marijnissen, R. M. (2020). COVID-19: Clinical Challenges in Dutch Geriatric Psychiatry. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(8), 839-843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.019 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.0... )	Espanha (n=1)
		(Van Orden et al., 2020*Van Orden, K. A., Bower, E., Lutz, J., Silva, C., Gallegos, A. M., Podgorski, C. A., Santos, E. J., & Conwell, Y. (2020). Strategies to Promote Social Connections Among Older Adults During “Social Distancing” Restrictions. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.0... )	Holanda (n=1)

População	Instrumentos/Testes utilizados	Sintomas ou comportamentos autorrelatados
População Adulta Geral (n=19)	Questionário semiestruturado (on-line; n=5);	Ansiedade (n=14);
	Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (on-line; n=3);	Sintomas depressivos (n=11);
	Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (on-line; n=3);	Estresse (n=5);
	Impact of Event Scale-Revised (on-line; n=2);	Compras compulsivas (n=1).
	Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (on-line; n=2);
	Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (on-line; n=1);
	Inventário de Depressão de Beck (on-line; n=1);
	Warwick-Edinburg Mental Well-being Scale (on-line; n=1);
	Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (on-line; n=1);
	Health Anxiety Inventory (on-line; n=1);
	National Internet Survey on Emotional and Mental Health (on-line; n=1);
	Social Anxiety Scale (on-line; n=1);
	Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale (on-line; n=1);
	Goldberg Health Questionnaire-12 (on-line; n=1);
	WHO (Five) Well-being Index (on-line; n=1);
	State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (on-line; n=1);
	Outras versões do Patient Health Questionnaire (on-line; n=1);
	Outras versões do Generalized Anxiety Disorder (on-line; n=1);
	PTSD Checklist - Civilian Version (on-line; n=1);
	Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Spiritual Well-Being 12 items (on-line; n=1);
	Self-Compassion Scale (on-line; n=1).
Profissionais de saúde (n=28)	Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (on-line; n=8);	Ansiedade (n=13);
	Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (on-line; n=8);	Sintomas depressivos (n=11);
	Insomnia Severity Index (on-line; n=7);	Problemas com o sono (n=8);
	Inventário ou Questionário semiestruturado desenvolvido pelos pesquisadores (on-line; n=7);	Estresse (n=5);
	Impact of Event Scale (on-line; n=5);	Medo (n=4);
	Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (on-line; n=3);	Exaustão (n=4);
	Symptom Checklist-90 (on-line; n=3);	Estresse Pós-Traumático (n=3);
	Outras versões do Patient Health Questionnaire (on-line; n=3).	Somatização (n=2);
	Estudo de caso (presencial, n=1)	Comportamento Obsessivo-Compulsivo (n=2);
		Psicoticismo (n=2);
		Angústia (n=2);
		Burnout (n=1).
Adultos Idosos (n=7)	Escala Moral da Filadélfia (on-line; n=1);	Solidão (n=3);
	Entrevista semiestruturada (on-line; n=3);	Ansiedade (n=1);
	Terapia Cognitivo Comportamental (on-line; n=1);	Tristeza (n=1);
	Estudo de Caso (presencial; n=2).	Sedentarismo (n=1);
		Resistência ao Isolamento (n=1).

Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 - Brasília - DF - Brazil, Tel./Fax: (061) 274-6455 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: revistaptp@gmail.com

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[1] * E-mail: silvanascortegagna@gmail.com ou silvanalba@upf.br