Conceptions of Hegemonic Masculinity as a Mediator of Sexism Directed at Women

Souza, Charles V. B. S.; Lima, Marcus E. O.; Ferreira, Diogo C. S.

doi:10.1590/0102.3772e39506.en

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Social, Work and Organizations Psychology • Psic.: Teor. e Pesq. 39 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e39506.en copy

Conceptions of Hegemonic Masculinity as a Mediator of Sexism Directed at Women

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This article analyses the relationship between masculine identity and ambivalent sexism, considering concepts of masculinity and culture of honour as mediating variables in this relationship. For this purpose, two studies were carried out with male participants from two regions of Brazil, Midwest (119 participants) and Northeast (117 participants). The results indicated that the concepts of masculinity are mediators of the relationship between masculine identity and ambivalent sexism. In contrast, the culture of honour did not remain significant in the mediation model. We conclude that the conception of masculinity based on hegemonic precepts of gender restates masculine superiority in detriment to the feminine, naturalizes sexism and violent behaviour for maintenance of masculine identity.

KEYWORDS:
masculinity; sexism; prejudice; social identity; culture of honour

Sociodemographic variables					Collinearity test
Variables	B	Β	t-Statistic	p.	Tol.	VIF
(Constant) Age Religion Religious identity Family income Sexual orientation	1.72 0.02 -0.10 0.03 -0.01 -0.34	0.11 -0.10 0.23 -0.10 -0.20	3.20 1.25 -0.78 1.79 -1.22 -2.35	0.002 0.213 0.403 0.075 0.224 0.020	-- 0.898 0.403 0.398 0.889 0.907	-- 1.11 2.48 2.51 1.13 1.10
R-Squared = 0.20; Adjusted R-squared = 0.17; F(5. 118) = 5.92; p < 0.000
Attitudinal variables					Collinearity test
Variables	B	Β	t-Statistic	p.	Tol.	VIF
(Constant) Heterosexism Emotional restraint	0.33 0.40 0.37	0.39 0.25	2.14 4.22 2.90	0.035 0.000 0.005	-- 0.549 0.613	-- 1.82 1.63
Social provocation	0.16	0.22	2.61	0.011	0.654	1.53
Adherence to culture of honour	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.983	0.777	1.29
Male identity	0.01	0.09	1.21	0.229	0.657	1.52
R-Squared = 0.56; Adjusted R-squared = 0.53; F(5, 96) = 23.28; p < 0.000
All Variables					Collinearity test
Variables	B	Β	t-Statistic	p.	Tol.	VIF
(Constant)	0.77		1.66	0.869	--	--
Age	0.02	0.87	1.20	0.230	0.852	1.17
Religion	0.01	0.01	0.11	0.908	0.402	2.49
Religious identity	0.03	0.22	2.11	0.037	0.388	2.58
Family income	-0.01	-0.08	-1.55	0.250	0.790	1.27
Sexual orientation	-0.08	-0.05	-0.72	0.469	0.826	1.21
Heterosexism	0.27	0.26	2.68	0.009	0.439	2.28
Emotional restraint	0.34	0.23	2.68	0.009	0.560	1.79
Social provocation	0.20	0.28	3.14	0.002	0.551	1.82
Adherence to culture of honour	0.00	0.04	0.56	0.575	0.637	1.57
Male identity	0.01	0.09	1.22	0.222	0.735	1.36

Sociodemographic variables					Collinearity test
Variables	B	Β	t-Statistic	p.	Tol.	VIF
(Constant) Age Religion Religious identity Family income Sexual orientation	3.02 -0.00 0.09 0.00 0.01 -0.48	-0.05 0.07 0.02 0.02 -0.24	6.76 -0.60 0.70 0.22 0.29 -2.64	0.000 0.548 0.480 0.825 0.771 0.009	-- 0.959 0.784 0.767 0.977 0.971	-- 1.04 1.28 1.30 1.02 1.03
R-Squared = 0.071; Adjusted R-squared = 0.03; F(5, 116) = 1.70; p = 0.14
Attitudinal variables					Collinearity test
Variables	B	Β	t-Statistic	p.	Tol.	VIF
(Constant) Heterosexism Emotional restraint	1.24 0.37 0.20	0.50 0.22	8.15 5.69 2.86	0.000 0.000 0.005	-- 0.596 0.762	-- 1.68 1.31
Social provocation	-0.02	-0.03	-0.37	0.709	0.884	1.13
Adherence to culture of honour	0.00	0.05	0.64	0.526	0.780	1.28
Male identity	0.01	0.05	0.65	0.515	0.831	1.20
Sertanejo identity	0.05	0.19	2.56	0.012	0.851	1.18
R-Squared = 0.49; Adjusted R-squared = 0.46; F(6, 116) = 17.38; p < 0.000
All Variables					Collinearity test
Variables	B	Β	t-Statistic	p.	Tol.	VIF
(Constant)	1.12		2.33	0.022	--	--
Age	0.00	0.01	0.17	0.859	0.854	1.17
Religion	-0.01	-0.01	-0.10	0.915	0.679	1.47
Religious identity	0.00	0.04	0.45	0.652	0.689	1.45
Family income	0.00	-0.00	-0.00	0.992	0.939	1.07
Sexual orientation	0.02	0.00	0.10	0.919	0.805	1.24
Heterosexism	0.38	0.51	5.08	0.000	0.531	1.88
Emotional restraint	0.20	0.23	2.58	0.011	0.675	1.48
Social provocation	-0.02	-0.02	-0.27	0.787	0.835	1.20
Adherence to culture of honour	0.00	0.04	0.52	0.603	0.703	1.42
Male identity	0.00	0.03	0.38	0.705	0.751	1.33
Sertanejo identity	0.05	0.20	2.53	0.013	0.797	1.26

Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 - Brasília - DF - Brazil, Tel./Fax: (061) 274-6455 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: revistaptp@gmail.com

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[1] Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Charles Vinícius Bezerra de Souza, charlesvinicius2582@gmail.com.