Predicting Condom Use: A Comparison of the Theory of Reasoned Action, the Theory of Planned Behavior and an Extended Model of TPB

Gomes, Alexandra Isabel Cabral da Silva; Nunes, Maria Cristina Salgado

doi:10.1590/0102.3772e33422

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Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa

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Psicologia Clínica e Cultura • Psic.: Teor. e Pesq. 33 • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e33422 copy

Predicting Condom Use: A Comparison of the Theory of Reasoned Action, the Theory of Planned Behavior and an Extended Model of TPB

Predizendo o Uso de Preservativo: Uma Comparação entre a Teoria da Ação Racionalizada, a Teoria do Comportamento Planejado (TCP) e um Modelo Estendido de TCP

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

It was our goal to give a contribution to the prediction of condom use using socio-cognitive models, comparing classic theories to an extended model. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire of self-reported measures. From the students who agreed to participate in the study, 140 were eligible for the full study. A confirmatory analysis was used to assess the predictive value of the researched model.

The model tested had slightly better fit indexes and predictive value than classic Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behaviour. Although the results found, discussion continues to understand the gap between intention and behaviour, as further investigation is necessary to fully understand the reasons for condom use inconsistency.

Keywords:
HIV/AIDS; Theory of Reasoned Action; Theory of Planned Action; Condom use extended model

	Exogenous	β	R²	Endogenous	Β	R²
TRA	Attitude	0.310^* ***** p<0.000;	17.5% ^* ***** p<0.000;	Intention	0.878^* ***** p<0.000;	77.1%^* ***** p<0.000;
	Subjective Norm	0.198^* * p<0.050; ns – non significant; TRA – Theory of Reasoned Action; TPB – Theory of Planned Behaviour; PBC – Perceived Behavioural Control; β – regression weights; R2 – Square Correlation; Method used in the regression analysis: Enter
TPB	Attitude	0.288^ p<0.010;	19.2%^* ***** p<0.000;	Intention	0.851^* ***** p<0.000;	78.1%^* ***** p<0.000;
	Subjective Norm	0.166^* * p<0.050; ns – non significant; TRA – Theory of Reasoned Action; TPB – Theory of Planned Behaviour; PBC – Perceived Behavioural Control; β – regression weights; R2 – Square Correlation; Method used in the regression analysis: Enter		PCB	0.105^* * p<0.050; ns – non significant; TRA – Theory of Reasoned Action; TPB – Theory of Planned Behaviour; PBC – Perceived Behavioural Control; β – regression weights; R2 – Square Correlation; Method used in the regression analysis: Enter
	PBC	0.140 ns

Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 - Brasília - DF - Brazil, Tel./Fax: (061) 274-6455 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: revistaptp@gmail.com

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[1] 1 Address for correspondence: Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Edf. 1, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Gambelas, Faro, Portugal. CEP: 8005-139. E-mail: asgomes@ualg.pt

Variable/measure	Number of Items	Sample	Reliability	Descriptive measures
Age	1	(open question)	____	M=20.79; SD = 1.980
Age fist intercourse	1	(open question)	____	M=16.88; SD = 1.801
Partner’s age at first intercourse	1	(open question)	____	M=18.20; SD = 2.448
Number of partners	1	(open question)	____	M=3.77; SD=4.48
Steady partner	1	Do you have a steady partner, at the moment?	____	Mode=yes
Number of partners in the last 3 months	1	How many partners did you have in the last 3 months?	____	M=1.09; SD=0.935
Religion	1	(open question)	____	Mode= Catholic
Religiosity	1	In what extent do you consider yourself as a religious person?	____	M=3.14; SD=1.581
Attitudes	40	I would have no objection if my partner suggested that we used a condom.	α=0.77	M=4.87; SD=0.967
HIV heuristics	3	If you love and trust someone, you don’t have to worry about getting HIV from them	____	____
Sexual self-esteem	5	I derive a sense of self-pride from the way I handle my own sexual needs and desires	α=0.88	M=5.45; SD=1.084
Sexual satisfaction	5	I am satisfied with the way my sexual needs are being met	α=0.92	M=5.33; SD=1.310
Perceived Behavioural Control	3	If you decide to have sex, how sure are you that you would have a condom with you when you needed it?	α=0.59	M=5.43; SD=1.084
Subjective norm	1	To what extent do you feel that it is your partner who decides if you both use a condom in a sexual relationship?	____	M=5.32; SD=1.162
Condom use	1	How often you use condoms in your sexual intercourse?	____	M=4.99; SD=1.966
Condom use intention	1	In what extent do you want to always use condoms in your sexual intercourse?	____	M=5.21; SD=2.071
Communication with parents	1	In what extent you are satisfied with the parent-children discussions about sex?	____	____
Alcohol consumption	3	In what extent do you drink alcoholic drinks with the purpose to relax before a sexual encounter?	α=0.94	M=2.53; SD=2.134

	χ2 /(df)	GFI	CFI	SRMR	RMSEA
TRA	46.349/2 = 23.175^* * p<0.001; χ2 /(df) – Chi-square statistic and overall fit ; GFI – Goodness of fit index; CFI – Comparative fit index; RMR – Root mean-square residual; RMSEA – Root mean-square error of approximation	0.175	0.642	0.0636	0.399
TPB	21.761/2=10.710^* * p<0.001; χ2 /(df) – Chi-square statistic and overall fit ; GFI – Goodness of fit index; CFI – Comparative fit index; RMR – Root mean-square residual; RMSEA – Root mean-square error of approximation	0.946	0.932	0.0457	0.246
Extended model	195.638/123=1.591^* * p<0.001; χ2 /(df) – Chi-square statistic and overall fit ; GFI – Goodness of fit index; CFI – Comparative fit index; RMR – Root mean-square residual; RMSEA – Root mean-square error of approximation	0.880	0.887	0.0848	0.065

	Variables predicting attitude			Variables predicting intention			Variables predicting condom use
		β	R²		β	R²		β	R²
Extended model			7,9%	Attitude	0.270^ p<0.010;	33,2%	Intention	0.794***	80,6%
				Subjective Norm	0.186^* * p<0.050; ns – non significant; TPB – Theory of Planned Behaviour; PBC – Perceived Behavioural Control; β – regression weights; R2 – Square Correlation; Method used in the regression analysis: Enter		Com. Evaluation	-0.031 ns
	Religiosity	0.159		PBC	0,141 ns		Com. Age	0.064 ns
	Heuristic1	- 0.162		Sexual satisfaction	-0.085 ns		Timing	-0.088 ns
	Heuristic2	- 0.118		Sexual self-esteem	-0.054 ns		Age	-0.056 ns
	Heuristic3	0.094		Heuristic1	-0.049 ns		Sex	-0.025 ns
				Heuristic2	0.106 ns		Number of partners	-0.040 ns
				Heuristic3	0.019 ns		Steady partner	0.070 ns
				Steady partner	0.284^* * p<0.050; ns – non significant; TPB – Theory of Planned Behaviour; PBC – Perceived Behavioural Control; β – regression weights; R2 – Square Correlation; Method used in the regression analysis: Enter		Alcohol	-0.095^* * p<0.050; ns – non significant; TPB – Theory of Planned Behaviour; PBC – Perceived Behavioural Control; β – regression weights; R2 – Square Correlation; Method used in the regression analysis: Enter
							PBC	0.131^ p<0.010;
							Religiosity	-0.024 ns