Learning Rudiments of Music Reading with Cumulative and Noncumulative Teaching of Conditional Relations1

Hanna, Elenice S; Huber, Erick Rôso; Natalino, Paula Carvalho

doi:10.1590/0102-3772e32ne25

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Psic.: Teor. e Pesq. 32 (spe) • 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-3772e32ne25 copy

Learning Rudiments of Music Reading with Cumulative and Noncumulative Teaching of Conditional Relations¹ 1 The study is part of the research program of the National Institute of Science and Technology on Behavior, Cognition and Teaching, supported by CNPq (Process #573972/2008-7) and FAPESP (Process # 2008/57705-8). Data of the experiment are from Erick Huber’s master dissertation supervised by Elenice Hanna in the Post-Graduation Program of Behavior Sciences, University of Brasília, Brazil. Part of the data was used for analysis presented in the Seventh International Conference of the Association for Behavior Analysis International, Mérida, México. Erick Huber was supported by CAPES during his Master. Paula Natalino had a post-doctoral scholarship (INCT/CNPq) while helped in the writing of the manuscript. Authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their criticisms that improved the manuscript.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the effects of cumulative training of conditional relations on learning rudiments of musical reading. The stimuli were sequences of notes in three modalities: sound (A); treble clef pentagram (B); and picture of keyboard (C). Five undergraduates were exposed to the Noncumulative Condition, which consisted of training AB and BC and testing, using different stimuli in each experimental phase. For the other five participants of Cumulative Condition, stimuli trained in Phase 1 were revised in the training of Phase 2. The Cumulative Condition showed maintenance of a larger number of AB relations, higher performances in tests of equivalence stimulus classes and higher scores of recombinative reading than Noncumulative Condition.

Keywords:
conditional relation; musical stimulus; stimulus equivalence; recombinative reading; cumulative teaching; undergraduate students

Phase	Stage	Task	Relations/Sets	Trials
Phase	Stage	Task	Relations/Sets	Noncumul	Cumulat
	Pre-tests	Keyboard playing	A, B, C	24	24
		MTS	AA	8	8
			AB/AC, BC/CB, BA/CA	48	48
			BB/CC	16	16
	Training	MTS	BB/CC (whenever required)	16	16
1	Training	MTS	AB	26	26
			BC	26	26
			Mixed AB/BC - CRF	8	8
			Mixed AB/BC - VR 2	16	16
	Tests	Keyboard playing	A, B, C	24	24
		MTS	AB/AC, BC/CB, BA/CA	48	48
2	Training	MTS	Compensatory Traininga	44	-
			AB	32	42
			BC	32	42
			Misto AB/BC - CRF	8	16
			Misto AB/BC - VR 2	16	32
	Tests	Keyboard playing	A, B, C	24	24
		MTS	AB/AC, BC/CB, BA/CA	48	48

Training	Phase 1				Phase 2 - Cumulative Condition
Training	Block	Relations	Com	Trials	Block	Relations	Com	Trials
AB	1	A1B1	1	1	1	A3B3	1	1
	2	A1B1	2	2	2	A3B3	2	2
	3	A2B2	4	4	3	A3B3	4	4
	4	A2B2	1	1	4	A4B4	1	1
	5	A2B2	2	2	5	A4B4	2	2
	6	A1B1, A2B2	2	4	6	A3B3, A4B4	2	4
	7	A2B2	4	4	7	A4B4	4	4
	8	A1B1, A2B2	4	4	8	A3B3, A4B4	4	4
	9	A1B1, A2B2	4	4	9	A1B1, A2B2	2	2
						A3B3, A4B4	2	2
					10	A1B1, A2B2	4	4
						A3B3, A4B4	4	4
					11	A1B1, A2B2	4	4
						A3B3, A4B4	4	4
Mixed CRF	1	A1B1, A2B2, B1C1, B2C2	4	4	1	A1B1, A2B2, B1C1, B2C2	4	4
						A3B3, A4B4, B3C3, B4C4	4	4
	2	A1B1, A2B2, B1C1, B2C2	4	4	2	A1B1, A2B2, B1C1, B2C2	4	4
						A3B3, A4B4, B3C3, B4C4	4	4
Mixed VR2	1	A1B1, A2B2, B1C1, B2C2	1	4	1	A1B1, A2B2, B1C1, B2C2	1	4
						A3B3, A4B4, B3C3, B4C4	1	4
	2	A1B1, A2B2, B1C1, B2C2	4	4	2	A1B1, A2B2, B1C1, B2C2	4	4
						A3B3, A4B4, B3C3, B4C4	4	4
	3	A1B1, A2B2, B1C1, B2C2	4	4	3	A1B1, A2B2, B1C1, B2C2	4	4
						A3B3, A4B4, B3C3, B4C4	4	4
	4	A1B1, A2B2, B1C1, B2C2	4	4	4	A1B1, A2B2, B1C1, B2C2	4	4
						A3B3, A4B4, B3C3, B4C4	4	4

Participants	AB		BC		Mixed CRF		Mixed VR2		Total
Participants	T1	T2	T1	T2	T1	T2	T1	T2	Total
Cumulative Condition
P1	1.0	2.5	1.2	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.0	1.0	294
P2	1.3	2.7	1.0	1.0	1.5	1.0	1.0	1.0	292
P3	1.1	2.5	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	274
P4	1.5	1.4	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.3	244
P5	1.2	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.5	1.0	1.3	236
Average	1.2	2.1	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.0	1.1	268
Noncumulative Condition
P6	1.8	1.0	2.1	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	260
P7	6.7	2.9	1.0	1.1	3.5	1.5	5.0	1.0	510
P8	1.4	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	219
P9	4.9	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.5	1.3	3.3	360
P10	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.3	1.0	236
Average	3.2	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.2	2.1	1.5	317

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