Psychometric evidence of the Cognitive Emotions Regulation Scale-Short Version in a sample of Brazilian military personnel

Gomes, Ítalo Ferreira; Ferreira, Vanessa dos Santos Azevedo; Neves, Angela Nogueira

doi:10.1590/14138271202631e296198

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Research report • Psico-USF 31 • 2026 • https://doi.org/10.1590/14138271202631e296198 linkcopy

Psychometric evidence of the Cognitive Emotions Regulation Scale-Short Version in a sample of Brazilian military personnel

Evidências psicométricas da Escala Cognitiva de Regulação Emocional - Versão Curta em uma amostra de militares brasileiros

Evidencia psicométrica de la Escala de Regulación Cognitiva de las Emociones - Versión Corta en una muestra de militares brasileños

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

The aim of this study was to psychometrically validate the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire - Short Form (CERQ-SF) in a sample of Brazilian military personnel. A total of 337 service members completed the instrument in a virtual environment. Construct validity was examined through Confirmatory Factor Analysis using the Weighted Least Squares Mean and Variance Adjusted (WLSMV) estimator. First- and second-order models were tested. The second-order model showed borderline fit, whereas the first-order model demonstrated satisfactory fit (RMSEA = .055; 90% CI = .044-.066; CFI = .97; TLI = .95; SRMR = .04; χ²/df = 1.99; p < .001) and was therefore retained as the final model. Internal reliability was adequate for most factors (ω² = .76-.89), except for putting into perspective (ω² = .64). Convergent and discriminant validity were supported for all factors, with partial limitations for putting into perspective (AVE = .47). These findings support the use of the CERQ-SF in Brazilian military samples. samples.

Keywords:
Attitudes measure; Factor analysis; Brazil; Emotion

Item	Median	Distribution		Frequency (%)
Item	Median	Skewness	Curtosis	Almost never	A few times	Sometimes	Most of the time	Almost always
CERQ1	4	-.44	-.06	1.19	5.04	29.08	40.65	24.04
CERQ2	4	-.41	-.52	4.45	13.65	27.89	33.83	20.18
CERQ3	4	-1.02	.60	1.48	3.26	18.40	30.27	46.59
CERQ4	3	00	-.18	2.97	14.54	45.10	26.11	11.28
CERQ5	4	-.36	-.18	1.49	8.36	31.64	40.00	18.51
CERQ6	4	-.48	-.50	6.23	13.35	25.52	35.31	19.58
CERQ7	3	-.08	-.65	6.53	21.66	33.53	27.30	10.98
CERQ8	4	-.72	-.22	2.38	9.82	19.64	34.82	33.33
CERQ9	2	.47	-.41	16.72	35.82	28.06	12.84	6.57
CERQ10	2	.10	-.47	18.69	36.80	37.09	6.82	.59
CERQ 11	3	-.06	-.58	9.50	24.04	35.91	24.63	5.93
CERQ 12	4	-.74	.72	1.19	2.98	20.54	46.43	28.87
CERQ 13	3	-.31	.09	3.57	9.23	40.77	34.23	12.20
CERQ 14	3	-.02	-.53	8.36	23.88	37.01	23.88	6.87
CERQ 15	4	-.80	.71	.90	3.58	17.31	46.57	31.64
CERQ 16	4	-.55	-.12	5.07	8.66	30.15	35.82	20.30
CERQ17	2	.53	-.52	26.71	33.83	23.15	12.76	3.56
CERQ18	2	.57	-.05	29.38	40.95	23.74	5.04	.89

Factors	l	Items
Acceptance	.98	1. I think that I have to accept that this has happened [Eu penso que tenho que aceitar o que aconteceu.]
Acceptance	.71	5. I think that I have to accept the situation [Eu penso que tenho que aceitar a situação.]
Positive reappraisal	.77	3. I think I can learn something from the situation [Eu penso que posso aprender alguma coisa com a situação.]
Positive reappraisal	.85	8. I think that I can become a stronger person as a result of what has happened [Eu penso que posso me tornar uma pessoa mais forte como resultado do que aconteceu.]
Rumination	.71	2. I often think about how I feel about what I have experienced [Eu penso sobre como me sinto em relação ao que aconteceu.]
Rumination	.86	6. I am preoccupied with what I think and feel about what I have experienced [Eu me preocupo com o que penso e sinto sobre o que aconteceu comigo.]
Positive refocusing	.75	7. I think of pleasant things that have nothing to do with it [Eu penso em coisas mais agradáveis do que o ocorrido.]
Positive refocusing	.92	11. I think of something nice instead of what has happened [Eu penso em algo de bom, em vez do que aconteceu.]
Catastrophizing	.84	9. I keep thinking about how terrible it is what I have experienced [Continuo pensando no quão terrível foi o que aconteceu.]
Catastrophizing	.84	17. I continually think how horrible the situation has been [Eu fico pensando o tempo todo em como a situação foi horrível.]
Refocus on planning	.56	12. I think about how to change the situation [Eu penso sobre como mudar a situação].
Refocus on planning	.97	15. I think about a plan of what I can do best [Eu penso em um plano sobre o melhor que eu posso fazer.]
Putting into perspective	.75	13. I think it has been too bad compared to other things [Eu penso que não foi tão ruim assim comparado a outras coisas.]
Putting into perspective	.62	16. I tell myself that there are worse things in life [Eu digo a mim mesmo que há coisas piores na vida.]
Self-blame	.88	4. I feel that I am the one who is responsible for what has happened [Eu sinto que sou eu o(a) responsável pelo que aconteceu.]
Self-blame	.84	14. I think that basically the cause must lie within myself [Eu penso, basicamente, que a causa encontra-se em mim mesmo(a).]
Blaming others	.85	10. I feel that others are responsible for what has happened [Eu sinto que os outros são responsáveis pelo que aconteceu.]
Blaming others	.81	18. I feel that basically the cause lies with others [Eu sinto que, basicamente, a causa está nos outros.]

Factor	Items	CR	Discriminant and convergent validity
Factor	Items	CR	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1.Acceptance	1, 5	.84	.73
2. Positive reappraisal	3, 8	.79	.029	.66
3. Rumination	2, 6	.76	.008	.116	.62
4. Positive refocusing	7, 11	.89	.012	.260	.006	.70
5. Catastrophizing	9, 17	.83	.002	.176	.058	.144	.71
6. Refocus on planning	12, 15	.76	.023	.462	.029	.084	.036	.63
7. Putting into perspective	13, 16	.64	.058	.449	.058	.281	.053	.270	.47
8. Self-blame	4, 14	.85	.008	.003	.014	.040	.152	.005	.001	.74
9. Blaming Others	10, 18	.82	.010	.090	.006	.001	.185	.053	.012	.053	.69

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Universidade de São Francisco, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Psicologia R. Waldemar César da Silveira, 105, Vl. Cura D'Ars (SWIFT), Campinas - São Paulo, CEP 13045-510, Telefone: (19)3779-3771 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistapsico@usf.edu.br

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[TFN1] Note. in the bold diagonal line are the AVE values; values below the diagonal and in italics refer to the coefficient of determination (r²) of the factors. CR = construct reliability