Relación Entre uso Problemático de Facebook y Características Patológicos de la Personalidad: una Revisión Sistemática

Ferrari, Bárbara Letícia; Carvalho, Lucas de Francisco; Sette, Catarina Possenti

doi:10.1590/1413-82712021260305

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Papers • Psico-USF 26 (3) • Jul-Sep 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712021260305 linkcopiar

Relación Entre uso Problemático de Facebook y Características Patológicos de la Personalidad: una Revisión Sistemática

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar las relaciones entre el uso problemático de Facebook (Facebook PU) y los rasgos patológicos de la personalidad, a través de una revisión sistemática. La búsqueda bibliográfica incluyó los descriptores “Facebook”, “uso problemático”, “personalidad” y variaciones. Se encontró un total de 236 publicaciones, de las cuales, 21 fueron seleccionadas para la verificación completa, a pesar de que todos fueron excluidos, lo que caracterizó el trabajo como una revisión vacía. En un intento de aumentar la probabilidad de encontrar publicaciones elegibles, se amplió las palabras claves a “sitios de redes sociales” (y variaciones); y luego a “internet”. El conjunto final de publicaciones después de la lectura completa basada en los criterios de elegibilidad consistió en 15 artículos. Cabe enfatizar que no hubo evidencias empíricas sobre la relación entre el Facebook PU y los rasgos patológicos. Dada la proximidad entre Facebook PU y la adicción a Internet, es posible suponer que existe una relación entre los rasgos patológicos (i.e., neuroticismo, impulsividad y psicoticismo) y Facebook PU.

Palabras clave:
trastorno de personalidad; internet (adicción); dependencia no química; revisión de literatura

Nº	Authors (Year)	Country	Journal	Personality traits	Sample/Age	Measures of Internet	Measures of Personality	Objective	Results
3	Müller et al. (2013)	German	BioMed Research International	Neuroticism	N = 118 male patients^a; n=70 patients^b/ M=29,3 years; n=48 patients^c/ M=31,7 years	AICA-S	NEO-FFI	Compare personality profiles of patients in different rehabilitation centers.	IA group > alcohol group: neuroticism.
7	Floros, Siomos, Stogiannidou, Giouzepas, & Garyfallos (2014)	Greece	Addictive Behaviors	PD^j	N=50 university students^d; 39 males/ M=21,03 years; 11 female/ M=22,64 years	OCS	ZKPQ	Investigate relationship between IA, personality and psychopathology.	Patients with IA: 22% narcissistic, 10% borderline, 4% obsessive compulsive, 2% schizotypal and antisocial, each; β_{3 ZKPQ factors} → IAD: impulsivity, neuroticism-anxiety, and sensation seeking.
7		Greece	Addictive Behaviors	ZKPQ^k		OCS	ZKPQ
14	Bernardi & Pallanti (2009)	Italy	Comprehensive Psychiatry	PDⁱ	N=50 outpatients/M= 23,33 years; n=15 patientsb	Young's IAS	SCID-II	Investigate the relationship between dissociative symptoms and IA; evaluate the comorbidities between PDs and IA^e.	Patients with IA: 14% borderline, 7% obsessive compulsive and 7% avoidant.
20	Wu, Ko, & Lane (2016)	Taiwan	The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease	PDⁱ	N=556 university students (61.3% female); n=73b (56,1% male)	CIAS	Personality Disorder Factor Scale	Investigate the comorbidities of PD in students with and without IA.	IA group > non-IA group: scores on borderline, narcissistic, avoidant and dependent PD; ♂ with IA: higher frequency of narcissistic PD; ♀ with IA: higher frequency of borderline, narcissist, avoidant and dependence PD.
21	Senormanci et al. (2014)	Turkey	Comprehensive Psychiatry	Neuroticism and psychoticism	N=720 university students (50,2% female)/ M=19 years; n=52^b (71,1% male)	IAS	EPQR-A	Investigate the relationship of dysfunctional attitude, self-esteem, personality and depression with students diagnosed with IA^f.	IA group > non-IA group: neuroticism and psychoticism.
22	Dalbudaket al. (2013)	Turkey	Psychiatry Research	Impulsivity and psychoticism	N=319 university students (73,3% female)	IAS	BIS-11 and SCL-90R	Investigate the relationship between IA with impulsivity and severity of psychopathology.	Mild IA group: higher scores than the non-IA group in impulsivity; IA group > mild IA group: psychoticism; r_IA_impulsivity_psychoticism was positive; β_{3 factors of BIS-11} → IA.
23	Dong, Wang, Yang, & Zhou (2012)	China	Journal of the Pacific Rim College of Psychiatrists	Neuroticism and psychoticism	N=868 freshman students (51,5% male)/M=20,8 years	Young's IAT	EPQA	Investigate if β_personality → individuals diagnosed with IA.	Students with IA > non-IA: neuroticism and psychoticism; β_{neuroticism and psychoticism} → IA.
25	Yen, Ko, Yen, Chen, & Chen (2009)	Taiwan	Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences	Impulsivity	N=1992 university students (70,8% female)/M=20,4 years.	CIAS	BIS	Evaluate the personality characteristics related to IA and to alcohol use.	r_IA*_impulsivity was positive.
27	Zadra et al. (2016)	Germany	Journal of Behavioral Addictions	PDⁱ; impulsivity	N=168 individuals^g; n=71^b	CIUS	SCID II e BIS-11	Investigate the relationship between PD and IA.	Individuals with IA > non-IA: more often PD; ♂ with IA > ♂ non-IA: Cluster C PD; BIS-11 ≠ significantly between participants with and without IA.
27	Zadra et al. (2016)	Germany	Journal of Behavioral Addictions	PDⁱ; impulsivity	N=168 individuals^g; n=71^b	CIUS	SCID II e BIS-11	Investigate the relationship between PD and IA.	Borderline was the only PD that presented significantly ≠s between individuals with IA and without IA. Individuals with IA and no Cluster B PD tend to show decrease in the IA symptoms in comparison to who does have some Cluster B PD.
28	Chang et al. (2015)	Taiwan	Journal of Medical Sciences	Neuroticism	N=4266 university students (66,2% male) 30,7%^h/ M=22,2 years	CIAS-R	Neuroticism scale of the Maudsley Personality Inventory	Explore the differences in the relationship between neuroticism and psychosocial indicators, considering the sexes.	Group higher scores in neuroticism also obtained higher mean in IA, which was found in both sexes.
29	Tsai et al. (2009)	Taiwan	Psychiatric Research	Neuroticism	N=1360 freshman students (n = 680 possible cases of IA)	CIAS-R	MPI	Investigate risk factors related to IA in college students.	Group with IA: higher means in neuroticism; _{βneuroticism} → risk of IA.
30	Dalbudak, Evren, Aldemir, & Evren (2014)	Turkey	Psychiatry Research	Borderline	N=271 university students (59,4% female)	IAS	BPI	Investigate the relationship between IA risk and borderline traits.	r_IA*_borderline factors were found; β_{borderline personality traits} → IA scores.
31	Laconi, Andréoletti, Chauchard, Rodgers, & Chabrol (2016)	France	L' Encéphale	PDⁱ	N=276 participants^g (41% male)/ M=28 years	OCS	PDQ-4	Explore the relationship between internet and personality traits.	♂: r_{IA*personality traits} showed similar significant effects (~.27) for Cluster A and B, and for borderline, schizotypal, antisocial, and schizoid PD.
31	Laconi, Andréoletti, Chauchard, Rodgers, & Chabrol (2016)	France	L' Encéphale	PDⁱ	N=276 participants^g (41% male)/ M=28 years	OCS	PDQ-4		♀: none of the PD presented relationship with IA.
32	Mottram & Fleming (2009)	Australia	CyberPsychology & Behavior	Impulsivity	N=272 undergraduate students (68% females), 17-56 years	IAT	UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale	Investigate predictor variables of the problematic use of Internet.	r_{one subscale of the UPPS (lack of perseverance}) *_IA: positive and significant
33	Wu, Ko, Tung & Li (2016)	Taiwan	Computers in Human Behavior	Borderline PDⁱ	N=1826 students (1st data collection) and N=623 students (2nd data collection)	CIAS	BPDFS	Investigate if the characteristics of Borderline PD would increase the risk of the severity of IA.	Borderline PD symptoms: relationship with IA in both data; β_{first data collection was able} →severity of IA in the second data collection.

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Universidade de São Francisco, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Psicologia R. Waldemar César da Silveira, 105, Vl. Cura D'Ars (SWIFT), Campinas - São Paulo, CEP 13045-510, Telefone: (19)3779-3771 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistapsico@usf.edu.br

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[TFN1] Note. In the table only the applicable results to the present systematic review are presented. AICA-S: Scale for the Assessment of Internet and Computer game Addiction; NEO-FFI: NEO Five Factors Inventory; IA: internet addiction; PD: personality disorder; ZKPQ: Zuckermann-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire; OCS: Online Cognitions Scale; IAD: internet addiction disorder; Young´s IAS: Young’s Internet Addiction Scale; SCID-II: Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-IV; CIAS: Chinese Internet Addiction Scale; IAS: Internet Addiction Scale; EPQR-A: Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised/Abbreviated Form; BIS-11: Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11; SCL-90-R: Symptom Checklist- Revised; Young’s IAT: Young’s Internet Addiction Test; EPQ: Eysenck Personality Questionnaire for Adult; BIS: Behavior inhibition system; CIUS: Compulsive Internet Use Scale; CIAS-R: Chinese Internet Addiction

[TFN2] Scale-Revision; MPI: Maudsley Personality Inventory; BPI: Borderline Personality Inventory; PDQ-4: Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4; IAT: Internet Addiction Test; BPDFS: Borderline Personality Disorder Features Scale; a: rehabilitation centers; b: diagnostic of IA; c: diagnostic of alcohol dependence; d: registered in the volunteer service for counseling students with problematic internet use and with diagnostic of IA; e: in this study the Dissociative Experiences Scales was used to screening symptoms of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID); we did not used these results as DID is not considered as a PD in the diagnostic manual (APA, 2013); f: in this study the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale was used to screening dysfunctional attitudes and beliefs, the back depression inventory was used to measuring symptoms of depression and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was used to measure global feelings of self-worth or self-acceptance; these results were not presented in our study as it´s not relevant to our goal; g: sample specificities (e.g., patient, students, etc.) were not given; h: cut-off from Neuroticism scale of the Maudsley Personality Inventory was used to establishment of groups; i: PD diagnostic based on DSM-IV; j: narcissistic, borderline, obsessive compulsive, schizotypal and antisocial; k: subscales: impulsiveness, neuroticism-anxiety, sensation seeking, aggression-hostility, activity, and sociability.