Phytochemical study of the roots of Euphorbia phosphorea Mart. (Euphorbiaceae) was carried out through chromatographic techniques, resulting in the isolation of a new ent-abietane diterpene named 11β,12β-dihydroxy-ent-abieta-8(14),13(15)-dien-16,12α-olide (1), and of nine known ent-abietane diterpenes jolkinolide A (2), jolkinolide E (3), euphorin H (4), euphopilolide (5) jolkinolide F (6), ent-12-hydroxy-12[R]-abieta-8(14),13(15)-dien-16,12-olide (7), ent-11α-hydroxyabieta-8(14),13(15)-dien-16,12α-olide (8), 17-hydroxyjolkinolide B (9) and caudicifolin (10). The structures of all compounds were established using spectroscopic techniques such as 1D and 2D NMR, and the structure of the compound 1 was established also with MS, IR and ECD. All compounds were submitted to an in silico study through of a predictive model and then submitted to in vitro tests against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. smegmatis for evaluation of their antimycobacterial activity. Compounds 5 and 9 showed mycobacterial growth inhibition with MIC values of 62.5 μM against M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis, respectively.
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